This document provides an overview of foundational concepts of government. It discusses quotes from philosophers like Goethe, Hobbes, and Madison on the nature of ruling and governing. It defines key terms like government, the state, democracy, republic, and dictatorship. It outlines the theoretical origins of the state and different forms of democracy and their features. The document then discusses the historical foundations of the US government, including the Magna Carta, Continental Congresses, the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Philadelphia Convention, and the US Constitution. It analyzes the major principles and structures of the American constitutional government system, including federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and constitutional amendment.
Controversies during the administration of President John Adams, including the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
For more PowerPoint presentations and instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
Washington reluctantly accepted the presidency and had to establish the new government's structure and policies with little precedent to guide them. Hamilton and Jefferson debated federal powers, with Hamilton favoring a strong national government supported by wealthy creditors and Jefferson emphasizing states' rights and individual liberties. The establishment of political parties and Hamilton's economic plans laid the foundation for how the new American government would function.
Slide 3 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
This document provides an overview of the foundations of American government. It discusses the origins of democracy in ancient Greece and republican government in ancient Rome. Representative democracy and the US system of government are modeled after the Roman republic. The document also covers the essential features of a state, including population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It defines different forms of government such as democracy, republic, autocracy, and oligarchy. Additionally, it discusses the role of economic systems like capitalism and socialism in governing societies.
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention, including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise, that helped address disagreements between large and small states and northern and southern states. The ratification process involved debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the role and powers of the national government.
The document provides an overview of the foundations of American government. It discusses the purpose of government as keeping order, providing security and public services. It also outlines the English political traditions that influenced the American system, including the Magna Carta establishing rights and the development of Parliament. The document then summarizes the Enlightenment period which questioned traditional authority and the road to American independence, including key events like the Boston Tea Party. Finally, it discusses the Constitutional Convention where delegates drafted the Constitution to address weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, outlining compromises reached around representation and other issues.
The document discusses the key aspects of American constitutionalism, including that it is based on written texts that enable government while also limiting it. It outlines several important founding documents and thinkers that influenced the American system. The document also examines the Declaration of Independence and how it expressed the colonists' grievances against King George III, as well as the rise of republicanism and weak central government under the Articles of Confederation.
The document discusses the political divisions in early America between the Federalists and Republicans following the French Revolution. It led Washington to issue a Neutrality Proclamation to avoid conflict between the parties over whether to support France or Britain. This began a long policy of American isolationism and avoiding entanglement in European wars. Jeffersonian and Hamiltonian political philosophies emerged, disagreeing on the role and power of government.
Controversies during the administration of President John Adams, including the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
For more PowerPoint presentations and instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
Washington reluctantly accepted the presidency and had to establish the new government's structure and policies with little precedent to guide them. Hamilton and Jefferson debated federal powers, with Hamilton favoring a strong national government supported by wealthy creditors and Jefferson emphasizing states' rights and individual liberties. The establishment of political parties and Hamilton's economic plans laid the foundation for how the new American government would function.
Slide 3 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
This document provides an overview of the foundations of American government. It discusses the origins of democracy in ancient Greece and republican government in ancient Rome. Representative democracy and the US system of government are modeled after the Roman republic. The document also covers the essential features of a state, including population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It defines different forms of government such as democracy, republic, autocracy, and oligarchy. Additionally, it discusses the role of economic systems like capitalism and socialism in governing societies.
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention, including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise, that helped address disagreements between large and small states and northern and southern states. The ratification process involved debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the role and powers of the national government.
The document provides an overview of the foundations of American government. It discusses the purpose of government as keeping order, providing security and public services. It also outlines the English political traditions that influenced the American system, including the Magna Carta establishing rights and the development of Parliament. The document then summarizes the Enlightenment period which questioned traditional authority and the road to American independence, including key events like the Boston Tea Party. Finally, it discusses the Constitutional Convention where delegates drafted the Constitution to address weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, outlining compromises reached around representation and other issues.
The document discusses the key aspects of American constitutionalism, including that it is based on written texts that enable government while also limiting it. It outlines several important founding documents and thinkers that influenced the American system. The document also examines the Declaration of Independence and how it expressed the colonists' grievances against King George III, as well as the rise of republicanism and weak central government under the Articles of Confederation.
The document discusses the political divisions in early America between the Federalists and Republicans following the French Revolution. It led Washington to issue a Neutrality Proclamation to avoid conflict between the parties over whether to support France or Britain. This began a long policy of American isolationism and avoiding entanglement in European wars. Jeffersonian and Hamiltonian political philosophies emerged, disagreeing on the role and power of government.
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 established the framework for the United States government. Delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia to address weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, which gave too much power to state governments. They debated plans for a stronger national government, including the Virginia Plan which favored large states, and the New Jersey Plan which favored small states. Through compromises like the Great Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise, they created a bicameral legislature and strengthened the executive and judicial branches. The resulting Constitution was then ratified by the states.
The document provides background on the foundations of American government from colonial times through the early national period. It discusses [1] life in colonial America and the road to revolution in the 1700s, [2] the rise of republicanism and opposition to strong central rule, and [3] the origins and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States. Events like Shays' Rebellion showed the need for a stronger national government, leading to the Constitutional Convention and a new Constitution.
The document summarizes key events and discussions around the creation of the US Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention in 1787. Delegates debated plans for the structure of the new national government, including the Virginia Plan which proposed a strong central government with three branches, and the New Jersey Plan with one legislative house and equal state representation. They reached compromises, such as the Connecticut Compromise which created a bicameral legislature. Slavery was also a divisive issue, resolved by the Three-Fifths Compromise counting slaves in population partially for representation. The delegates ultimately agreed to the US Constitution establishing a federal republic with separation of powers and checks and balances.
The document summarizes the origins and development of the American system of government from the colonial period through the ratification of the US Constitution. It describes how the colonists were influenced by Enlightenment ideas of equal rights and representative government. It then discusses the various forms of colonial government and growing tensions with Britain that led to the American Revolution and independence. Finally, it outlines the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the drafting of the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention, and the debates around ratification.
The document discusses the founding principles of the United States as established during the Constitutional Convention. It outlines the key principles as: rights come from God, not government; all political power comes from the people; a limited representative republic form of government; a written Constitution; and protection of private property rights. It then summarizes how these principles became embedded in the Constitution through the work of the founders and debates around ratification, though some erosion of the principles began shortly after through expansions of federal power.
The U.S. Constitution: Framing, Principles, & RatificationTom Richey
This PowerPoint presentation provides an introduction to the U.S. Constitution, focusing on the Philadelphia Convention, the Constitution's core principles (federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, etc.), and the ratification debates between the Federalists and the Antifederalists.
For more PowerPoint presentations and instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
This document discusses the ancient influences and Enlightenment thinkers that shaped American government. It describes how ancient Athens had the first direct democracy and Rome established the first republic with elected representatives. The English Magna Carta, Petition of Right, and Bill of Rights influenced America by limiting monarchal power and establishing rights. Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire believed people had natural rights that government should protect through things like separation of powers and consent of the governed, ideas foundational to the U.S. system.
Chapter 5 and 6: The United States Constitutionphillipgrogers
The document summarizes the key events surrounding the creation of the US Constitution, including weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, debates at the Constitutional Convention, compromises reached, and emergence of the Federalist and Republican parties. It describes how the Articles of Confederation established the first framework of government but lacked strong central power, leading to events like Shays' Rebellion and calls for a new governing system, resulting in the Constitution being drafted and adopted with a stronger federal government balanced by state powers.
1) The document provides context on major political and social events in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in America, including the Revolutionary War, creation of the Constitution and new government, early presidencies, and expansion westward.
2) Key topics covered include the American system of government developed under presidents Washington and Adams, the election of 1800 and the beginning of Jeffersonian republicanism, and territorial growth through the Louisiana Purchase and Monroe Doctrine.
3) Sectional tensions around the expansion of slavery emerged as a divisive issue, exemplified by the Missouri Compromise, as the new nation grappled with westward expansion and balancing slave and free states.
This lesson teaches students about the Federalist Papers by having them first discuss current issues and how citizens stay informed. Students then read about the Federalist Papers and the debate around ratifying the Constitution. They break into groups representing Federalists and Anti-Federalists to role play a debate on issues from adopting the Constitution. The lesson aims to explain the arguments in the Federalist Papers for a stronger national government that preserves individual freedoms and rights.
The document discusses the origins of American government, tracing concepts back to England like ordered government with officials like sheriffs and counties, as well as limited government established by the Magna Carta. It also discusses the establishment of colonies in America and different types of colonial governments. Key events that led to the independence and founding of the U.S., such as the Declaration of Independence and writing of the Constitution at the 1787 convention, are summarized. Different political systems like Britain, communism, and socialism are briefly outlined.
1) The document discusses debates around the new US Constitution proposed in 1787, including arguments made by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
2) Hamilton advocated for a strong federal government with significant powers over the states. Madison argued in Federalist No. 10 that the new Constitution would help control the negative effects of factions by creating a large republic with representation.
3) The debates touched on issues of democracy, federalism, and the balance of power between national and state governments under the new system.
The Constitutional Convention was called in 1787 in Philadelphia to address weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation, including the inability to levy taxes or regulate commerce. Delegates debated plans like the Virginia Plan, which proposed a strong federal government with two legislative chambers, and the New Jersey Plan, which proposed a weaker federal government with one chamber. They ultimately agreed to the Connecticut Compromise, which blended elements of both plans and established the bicameral legislature seen in today's Congress.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and politics, including definitions of democracy, forms of government, and separation of powers. It discusses the historical development of democracy and government in the United States, including the colonial period, the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation, and influences on the writing of the US Constitution such as John Locke's social contract theory and natural rights. Key events that led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776 are also summarized.
The document summarizes debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding the proposed US Constitution in 1787. The Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, made the case for ratification. Key Federalist arguments included that a large federal republic would protect liberty better than small republics, and that separating powers among branches of government would prevent tyranny. Anti-Federalists like Brutus argued the Constitution would lead to the destruction of liberty by consolidating power and allowing a standing army. They also felt the presidency would become an elective monarchy and large republics could not remain free.
George Washington established many precedents as the first president, including selecting advisors from opposing viewpoints and establishing neutrality in foreign conflicts. Thomas Jefferson reduced the size and scope of the federal government while also approving the Louisiana Purchase, a major expansion of U.S. territory. Andrew Jackson appealed to populism by opposing the national bank, expanding voting rights, and supporting states' rights despite using federal force against South Carolina's nullification of tariffs and authorizing Indian removal.
The document summarizes 11 amendments to the US Constitution between the 11th and 27th amendments. These amendments covered topics like states rights to not be sued without consent, separating electoral college votes for president and vice president, abolishing and prohibiting slavery, defining citizenship rights, prohibiting restrictions on voting based on race, allowing income tax, direct election of senators, prohibition and repeal of prohibition, women's right to vote, terms for elected officials, presidential voting in DC, prohibiting poll taxes, presidential succession, lowering the voting age to 18, and regulating congressional salaries.
The document outlines several key events that served as seeds of revolution in the American colonies, including the Stamp Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and the First Continental Congress. It then discusses the start of the American Revolution with battles at Lexington and Concord, the formation of the Second Continental Congress, and George Washington being named Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Next, it covers the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War, ending with Britain's surrender at Yorktown in 1781. The Articles of Confederation and calls for a Constitutional Convention to replace them are also summarized.
The document outlines several key events that served as seeds of revolution in the American colonies, including the Stamp Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and the First Continental Congress. It then discusses the start of the American Revolution with battles at Lexington and Concord, the formation of the Second Continental Congress, and George Washington being named Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Finally, it mentions the Declaration of Independence, major battles of the Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Paris ending the war, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that led to the Constitutional Convention.
The document summarizes key events in the creation of the US Constitution. It describes the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the various compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention to address state interests. Key issues included representation in Congress, the slave trade, and balancing state and federal power. The Constitution drew on ideas from ancient Rome, Enlightenment thinkers, and the English system. Its ratification was debated, with Federalists supporting it and Antifederalists wanting stronger protections for individual rights, leading to the addition of the Bill of Rights.
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise. The ratification process involved debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists with the Federalist Papers helping achieve ratification in the necessary number of states.
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 established the framework for the United States government. Delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia to address weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, which gave too much power to state governments. They debated plans for a stronger national government, including the Virginia Plan which favored large states, and the New Jersey Plan which favored small states. Through compromises like the Great Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise, they created a bicameral legislature and strengthened the executive and judicial branches. The resulting Constitution was then ratified by the states.
The document provides background on the foundations of American government from colonial times through the early national period. It discusses [1] life in colonial America and the road to revolution in the 1700s, [2] the rise of republicanism and opposition to strong central rule, and [3] the origins and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States. Events like Shays' Rebellion showed the need for a stronger national government, leading to the Constitutional Convention and a new Constitution.
The document summarizes key events and discussions around the creation of the US Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention in 1787. Delegates debated plans for the structure of the new national government, including the Virginia Plan which proposed a strong central government with three branches, and the New Jersey Plan with one legislative house and equal state representation. They reached compromises, such as the Connecticut Compromise which created a bicameral legislature. Slavery was also a divisive issue, resolved by the Three-Fifths Compromise counting slaves in population partially for representation. The delegates ultimately agreed to the US Constitution establishing a federal republic with separation of powers and checks and balances.
The document summarizes the origins and development of the American system of government from the colonial period through the ratification of the US Constitution. It describes how the colonists were influenced by Enlightenment ideas of equal rights and representative government. It then discusses the various forms of colonial government and growing tensions with Britain that led to the American Revolution and independence. Finally, it outlines the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the drafting of the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention, and the debates around ratification.
The document discusses the founding principles of the United States as established during the Constitutional Convention. It outlines the key principles as: rights come from God, not government; all political power comes from the people; a limited representative republic form of government; a written Constitution; and protection of private property rights. It then summarizes how these principles became embedded in the Constitution through the work of the founders and debates around ratification, though some erosion of the principles began shortly after through expansions of federal power.
The U.S. Constitution: Framing, Principles, & RatificationTom Richey
This PowerPoint presentation provides an introduction to the U.S. Constitution, focusing on the Philadelphia Convention, the Constitution's core principles (federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, etc.), and the ratification debates between the Federalists and the Antifederalists.
For more PowerPoint presentations and instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
This document discusses the ancient influences and Enlightenment thinkers that shaped American government. It describes how ancient Athens had the first direct democracy and Rome established the first republic with elected representatives. The English Magna Carta, Petition of Right, and Bill of Rights influenced America by limiting monarchal power and establishing rights. Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire believed people had natural rights that government should protect through things like separation of powers and consent of the governed, ideas foundational to the U.S. system.
Chapter 5 and 6: The United States Constitutionphillipgrogers
The document summarizes the key events surrounding the creation of the US Constitution, including weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, debates at the Constitutional Convention, compromises reached, and emergence of the Federalist and Republican parties. It describes how the Articles of Confederation established the first framework of government but lacked strong central power, leading to events like Shays' Rebellion and calls for a new governing system, resulting in the Constitution being drafted and adopted with a stronger federal government balanced by state powers.
1) The document provides context on major political and social events in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in America, including the Revolutionary War, creation of the Constitution and new government, early presidencies, and expansion westward.
2) Key topics covered include the American system of government developed under presidents Washington and Adams, the election of 1800 and the beginning of Jeffersonian republicanism, and territorial growth through the Louisiana Purchase and Monroe Doctrine.
3) Sectional tensions around the expansion of slavery emerged as a divisive issue, exemplified by the Missouri Compromise, as the new nation grappled with westward expansion and balancing slave and free states.
This lesson teaches students about the Federalist Papers by having them first discuss current issues and how citizens stay informed. Students then read about the Federalist Papers and the debate around ratifying the Constitution. They break into groups representing Federalists and Anti-Federalists to role play a debate on issues from adopting the Constitution. The lesson aims to explain the arguments in the Federalist Papers for a stronger national government that preserves individual freedoms and rights.
The document discusses the origins of American government, tracing concepts back to England like ordered government with officials like sheriffs and counties, as well as limited government established by the Magna Carta. It also discusses the establishment of colonies in America and different types of colonial governments. Key events that led to the independence and founding of the U.S., such as the Declaration of Independence and writing of the Constitution at the 1787 convention, are summarized. Different political systems like Britain, communism, and socialism are briefly outlined.
1) The document discusses debates around the new US Constitution proposed in 1787, including arguments made by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
2) Hamilton advocated for a strong federal government with significant powers over the states. Madison argued in Federalist No. 10 that the new Constitution would help control the negative effects of factions by creating a large republic with representation.
3) The debates touched on issues of democracy, federalism, and the balance of power between national and state governments under the new system.
The Constitutional Convention was called in 1787 in Philadelphia to address weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation, including the inability to levy taxes or regulate commerce. Delegates debated plans like the Virginia Plan, which proposed a strong federal government with two legislative chambers, and the New Jersey Plan, which proposed a weaker federal government with one chamber. They ultimately agreed to the Connecticut Compromise, which blended elements of both plans and established the bicameral legislature seen in today's Congress.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and politics, including definitions of democracy, forms of government, and separation of powers. It discusses the historical development of democracy and government in the United States, including the colonial period, the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation, and influences on the writing of the US Constitution such as John Locke's social contract theory and natural rights. Key events that led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776 are also summarized.
The document summarizes debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding the proposed US Constitution in 1787. The Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, made the case for ratification. Key Federalist arguments included that a large federal republic would protect liberty better than small republics, and that separating powers among branches of government would prevent tyranny. Anti-Federalists like Brutus argued the Constitution would lead to the destruction of liberty by consolidating power and allowing a standing army. They also felt the presidency would become an elective monarchy and large republics could not remain free.
George Washington established many precedents as the first president, including selecting advisors from opposing viewpoints and establishing neutrality in foreign conflicts. Thomas Jefferson reduced the size and scope of the federal government while also approving the Louisiana Purchase, a major expansion of U.S. territory. Andrew Jackson appealed to populism by opposing the national bank, expanding voting rights, and supporting states' rights despite using federal force against South Carolina's nullification of tariffs and authorizing Indian removal.
The document summarizes 11 amendments to the US Constitution between the 11th and 27th amendments. These amendments covered topics like states rights to not be sued without consent, separating electoral college votes for president and vice president, abolishing and prohibiting slavery, defining citizenship rights, prohibiting restrictions on voting based on race, allowing income tax, direct election of senators, prohibition and repeal of prohibition, women's right to vote, terms for elected officials, presidential voting in DC, prohibiting poll taxes, presidential succession, lowering the voting age to 18, and regulating congressional salaries.
The document outlines several key events that served as seeds of revolution in the American colonies, including the Stamp Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and the First Continental Congress. It then discusses the start of the American Revolution with battles at Lexington and Concord, the formation of the Second Continental Congress, and George Washington being named Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Next, it covers the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War, ending with Britain's surrender at Yorktown in 1781. The Articles of Confederation and calls for a Constitutional Convention to replace them are also summarized.
The document outlines several key events that served as seeds of revolution in the American colonies, including the Stamp Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and the First Continental Congress. It then discusses the start of the American Revolution with battles at Lexington and Concord, the formation of the Second Continental Congress, and George Washington being named Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Finally, it mentions the Declaration of Independence, major battles of the Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Paris ending the war, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that led to the Constitutional Convention.
The document summarizes key events in the creation of the US Constitution. It describes the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the various compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention to address state interests. Key issues included representation in Congress, the slave trade, and balancing state and federal power. The Constitution drew on ideas from ancient Rome, Enlightenment thinkers, and the English system. Its ratification was debated, with Federalists supporting it and Antifederalists wanting stronger protections for individual rights, leading to the addition of the Bill of Rights.
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise. The ratification process involved debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists with the Federalist Papers helping achieve ratification in the necessary number of states.
This document outlines an American government lesson plan that covers:
1) The events leading up to the American Revolution and the signing of the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution.
2) The influences of Enlightenment thinkers on the development of American representative democracy and the relationship between the colonies and Britain.
3) The disagreements and compromises that shaped the creation of America's federal system of government, including the Connecticut Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
It provides learning objectives, content standards, and outlines the lesson content which tracks the development of colonial self-governance, the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation, the US Constitutional Convention, and the ratification
Hogan's History- Establishing the U.S. GovernmentWilliam Hogan
The document summarizes key events and ideas in the establishment of the US government under the Constitution. It discusses:
1) The Articles of Confederation, the first national governing document which proved ineffective. Daniel Shay's Rebellion demonstrated the need for change.
2) Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Rousseau influenced the founding era with ideas of natural rights and consent of the governed.
3) The Constitutional Convention drafted the US Constitution to replace the Articles, giving more power to the national government while establishing separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches.
4) The Bill of Rights protects individual liberties and limits government power through amendments like freedom of speech and religion and due process.
The document discusses several key aspects of early American political thought and government including the classical republican ideal of limited government, individual rights and liberties, the need for a written constitution, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that led to the Constitutional Convention. It provides context on territorial disputes, the Northwest Ordinance, and compromises made in drafting the US Constitution regarding the structure of Congress and the Executive and Judicial branches.
The document discusses the key concepts of what constitutes a state and government. It explains that a state requires a population, territory, and sovereignty (supreme power within its boundaries). A government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces public policies. The document then reviews several theories for how governments came into existence, such as through force, evolution from simpler groups, divine right of rulers, or social contract theory. It also outlines different ways of classifying governments, such as by participation (democracy vs dictatorship), distribution of power (unitary vs federal), and relationship between legislative and executive branches (presidential vs parliamentary).
The early governments of the 13 American colonies struggled with division and lack of centralized power. Each colony operated as an independent country with its own government and foreign policies. Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government had little authority and could not tax the states or regulate trade between them. This weak system of government led to conflicts and problems that would later inspire calls for a stronger union under the U.S. Constitution.
The document provides an overview of colonial American history from the initial English settlements through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses key events like the French and Indian War, tensions with Britain that led to the Revolutionary War, the Articles of Confederation, and debates around writing the Constitution. Study questions at the end explore various aspects of the colonial and revolutionary periods in more detail like the roles of different social groups, debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, and compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention.
The document summarizes key events in the founding of the United States, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, Shays' Rebellion, the Constitutional Convention, and the early administrations under George Washington and John Adams. It discusses the three main conflicts resolved at the Constitutional Convention regarding the structure of the new federal government and representation in Congress. The new Constitution established a stronger central government with separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches.
Top of FormLesson 1, Part 1 Foundations of American Gover.docxedwardmarivel
Top of Form
Lesson 1, Part 1: Foundations of American Government
"Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth."
-George Washington
· The Declaration of Independence
· The U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights
· The Enlightenment and Political Philosophy
Expected Outcomes
To understand the philosophical principles behind the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, and how these principles influence the structure and process of government.
Overview
The United States, as a nation, was born of the American Revolution of 1776. This revolution cut the political ties between England and its American colonies. Many "Americans" living in the colonies had complained about harsh British rule. King George of England had ruled over the colonies with a heavy hand, increasing taxes with the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act, for example. These abuses began to divide the "patriots" in favor of independence and the "loyalists" in favor of the English Crown.
Tensions between the American colonials and British soldiers boiled over in the Boston Massacre, when a mob harassed British soldiers, who then fired their muskets into the crowd, killing three, mortally wounding two others, and injuring six.
Another famous incident which helped inspire the American Revolution was the Boston Tea Party of 1773, launched as a protest to the British Tea Act. This Act gave the British East India Company a tea monopoly, shutting out American traders. Bostonians disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians, then boarded the British ships and dumped all 342 containers of tea into the harbor.
Two years later, in 1775, there were more serious conflicts between colonials and British troops: the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the prelude for a full conflict. The American Revolutionary War was long, bloody and ended with the French-assisted victory of the American Continental Army in Yorktown in 1781.
An understanding of American government and politics should consider two documents related to this war and its aftermath. The first is the Declaration of Independence, which launched the American Revolutionary War; and the second is the U.S. Constitution, which replaced the post-war Articles of Confederation and which remains the highest law of the land.
This lesson analyzes these documents, noting how they were part of a trans-Atlantic Enlightenment movement with emphasis on reason, freethinking, natural law, popular sovereignty, and human equality. Many of these ideas are visible in the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. These ideas provided the ideological and philosophical framework for the American Revolution.
After the expulsion of the English monarchy, the Articles of Confederation - in effect from 1776 to 1787 - turned the former colonies into largely autonomous states with a weak federal government. However, many people thought that this decentralized system did not solve the problem of providing for a common defense or for ...
The Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, was adopted in 1781 but proved too weak as it gave states too much power. This led to economic troubles and Shays' Rebellion in Massachusetts in 1786, showing the need for a stronger central government. In response, delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up drafting an entirely new constitution, which was then ratified in 1789, establishing the government of the United States.
The document provides information about several key events and documents in American history surrounding independence and the founding of the United States, including the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the American Civil War. It summarizes the contributions of founding fathers like George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson. It also outlines some of the major events and outcomes of the American Revolution and Civil War.
The document provides the full text of the U.S. Constitution along with explanatory notes. It begins with an introductory essay that discusses the historical context for the creation of the Constitution, including the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the events leading up to the Constitutional Convention, the debates and compromises that occurred, and the ratification process. It then presents the full text of the Constitution along with annotations to explain the meaning and intent of its provisions. The document serves as a reference for understanding both the original Constitution and its continued relevance today.
The Federalists argued that the Constitution established a balanced government that protected individual rights through separation of powers and checks and balances, while the Anti-Federalists believed it gave too much power to the central government and lacked protections for individual liberties. A compromise was reached with the addition of the Bill of Rights, which addressed many of the Anti-Federalist concerns and helped secure ratification in several key states.
Constitutional convevntion and factionsAndy Ligeti
1. The document discusses several key topics around the founding of the United States, including:
- The roles and powers of the three branches of government established in the Constitution.
- Important compromises reached during the Constitutional Convention, such as the Connecticut Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
- Historic documents and philosophies that influenced the founding, including the writings of Locke, Montesquieu, and Madison's Virginia Plan.
- The limitations and weaknesses of government under the Articles of Confederation that led to calls for a stronger federal Constitution.
2. It examines debates around representation and slavery, as well as the rights of citizens. Overall it provides
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
3. THOMAS HOBBES
“During the time men
live without a common
power to keep them all
in awe, they are in that
conditions called war;
and such a war, as if of
every man, against
every man… no arts;
no letters; no society;
and worst of all,
continual fear and
danger of violent death;
and the life of man be
solitary, poor, nasty,
brutish, and short.”
English Philosopher (1651)
4. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?
An institution created by society with the power to
enforce public policy
Laws/Actions planned & carried using governmental
powers
1. LEGISLATIVE (make laws)
2. EXECUTIVE (enforce laws)
3. JUDICIAL (interpret laws)
1.1
5. “THE STATE”
Defined as a body of people living in certain territory who
are organized politically…
… often called a ‘nation’ or ‘country’
Every state has SOVERIGNTY, or the absolute power to do
what it wants within its own borders…
A failed state is one which the government is either non-
existent or so ineffective that it has no real power
Does anyone know an example???
1.1
6. THEORETICAL ORIGINS OF THE
STATE
Force Theory
One person or group seized power by force over an area and the
“state” was born…
Evolutionary Theory
The state developed naturally as an extension of the family
group…
Divine Right Theory
God created the state and gave approval to the rulers to control
it…
Social Contract Theory
People overcame the “brutish state of nature” and voluntarily
organized together to create the state…
1.1
7.
8.
9.
10. DEMOCRACY
The ‘supreme authority’ is the people of the state…
Government by the CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED
Majority Rules!
For in reason, all government without the consent of the
governed is the very definition of slavery. ~ Jonathan
Swift
“Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be
governed no better than we deserve. ~ George Bernard
Shaw
11. TYPES OF DEMOCRACY
Direct (‘pure democracy’)
Public Policy (laws & actions of the government) is
controlled by the citizens of a state through voting.
Indirect (‘representative democracy’)
A small group of people are chosen to act out the will of
the population & are held accountable by future elections
12. “As there is a degree of depravity in mankind which
requires a certain degree of circumspection and distrust:
So there are other qualities in human nature, which justify
a certain portion of esteem and confidence. Republican
government presupposes the existence of these qualities
in a higher degree than any other form.”
~ James Madison (1788)
13. REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT
The US is formally a REPUBLIC, dedicated to "liberty
and justice for all”
“An elective despotism is not what we fought for…”
~ Thomas Jefferson
People have inalienable rights
Cannot be voted away by a democracy’s majority vote.
Natural rights AND civil rights
People are sovereign in a republic, not the state!
14. DICTATORSHIP
The OLDEST & MOST COMMON form of government!
Those who rule are not held accountable to the will of the
people
Often rule through fear or domination but do not have to!
Also known as a tyrant or despot
15. DEGREES OF DICTATING
Autocracy – Government of ONE person with unlimited
power
Oligarchy - Government where power is held by a small &
exclusive group
All dictatorships are AUTHORITARIAN
Those in power hold absolute authority over the population
Most modern dictatorships are also TOTALITARIAN
Those in power exercise complete control over all aspects of
human affairs
16. FOUNDATION ESTABLISHED
13 separate colonies {established over 125 years} but
with a common foundation!
British elements in the United States…
1. Ordered Government
2. Limited Government
3. Representative Government
17. THE MAGNA CARTA
“The Great
Charter”
1215: King John
consents to limit
the Monarchy
1.3
19. CONTINENTAL CONGRESSES
First Continental Congress (1774)
Response to the Intolerable Acts
Sends the “Declaration and Resolves”
Turns down a “Plan of Union with Great Britain”
Calls for another boycott of British goods
Plans another Congress in 6 months
20. Second Continental Congress (1775)
Forms after the War for Independence begins
Condemned by the British as unlawful & treasonous
As the first “government” of the US (serves until 1781)
is responsible for:
Conduct of the War
Establishing Relations with the World
The Declaration of Independence
The Articles of Confederation
21.
22. INDEPENDENCE
Formally proposed by Richard
Henry Lee of Virginia on June
7, 1776
Primary Author Thomas
Jefferson of Virginia
Part of a committee of five…
July 2, 1776 : The Lee
Resolution is accepted in
Congress
July 4, 1776 : The Declaration
of Independence is adopted
and proclaimed
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. NATURAL RIGHTS
Protection for “Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”
Government is only by social consent
People have the solemn right to abolish government if
necessary
“Injuries & Usurpations” by Britain allowed the colonies to
break away!
1.3
28.
29. “A FIRM LEAGUE OF
FRIENDSHIP”
America’s first constitution is the Articles of Confederation
Adopted by the Congress on November 15, 1777
Ratified on March 1, 1781 (unanimous agreement by the States
was necessary)
Dominant Features:
States are independent of each other
All powers of government are in a unicameral congress (one
body), the “Congress of the Confederation”
Congress is not allowed to tax the States (or people)
1.4
30.
31. THE CRITICAL PERIOD
Revolutionary War ends October 19, 1781 & problems
quickly develop
States tax each others goods, fail to enforce attendance of
representatives, print their own money, refuse to support the
Central government, build their own armies, etc.
… and the Government was powerless to stop them!
1.4
32. PROBLEMS MOUNT
The Mount Vernon Conference is held in March 1785
Maryland & Virginia meet to resolve differences
A national conference is called for in Annapolis,
Maryland by Virginia in 1786
“A Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the
Federal Government”
Only 5states show up! (4 are just late, 4 take no action at all)
Enter Shay’s Rebellion (caused by economic conditions) in
Massachusetts…
1.4
33. …ON SHAY’S REBELLION
“I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good
thing, and as necessary in the political world as
storms in the physical. Unsuccessful rebellions,
indeed, generally establish the encroachments on the
rights of the people which have produced them. An
observation of this truth should render honest
republican governors so mild in their punishment of
rebellions as not to discourage them too much. It is a
medicine necessary for the sound health of
government.”
Thomas Jefferson
1.4
34. THE BIG POSITIVE
The Northwest
Ordinance
1787
Established the federal
government’s ownership
of territory
Has equality for new
states
Prohibits slavery
Guarantees natural
rights for citizens
35. NEED TO CHANGE
February 21, 1787
Congress authorizes a convention to meet in
Philadelphia…
12 of 13 will respond (minus Rhode Island)
"Wisdom and good examples are necessary at this time to
rescue the political machine from the impending storm.”
George Washington to James Madison,
1786
1.4
36. THE PHILADELPHIA
CONVENTION
INTENT: Revise the Articles of Confederation
“for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles”
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------
REALITY: The Articles were damaged goods!
Two days in it becomes a “constitutional” convention
NOT allowed by Congress
One step short of a “second revolution”
37. CONFLICT!
The Virginia Plan
Primary Authors: Edmund Randolph & James Madison
(“Father of the Constitution”)
Features a BICAMERAL Congress based on population &
wealth
Features a separation of powers in three branches of
government
The New Jersey Plan
A counter-proposal by smaller States
Keeps a unicameral Congress with equal State representation,
but delegates more “central” powers
Is really a revision of the Articles
38. THE “GREAT” COMPROMISE
Proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut
Congress will be bicameral
The House of Representatives serves States’ by population
(minimum 1 per)
The Senate represent each state equally (2 per)
Led to the “⅗ths Compromise”
“determined by adding to the Number of free Persons,
including those bound to Service for a Term of Years,
and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all
other Persons”
39. SEEKING APPROVAL
Approved on September 17, 1787
39 of 41 members sign the Constitution
3 delegates refuse to sign
14 delegates had left the Convention in protest
Submitted to the States for ratification (needed 9 of 13)
40. Officially ratified on
June 21, 1788 with
New Hampshire’s
approval
BUT in reality needed
Virginia & New York!
41. FEDERALISTS
Led by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, & John
Jay
Together were “Publius” – the author The Federalist
Papers
Support the Constitution - see a strong national
government is necessary
Notable Essays
#2 – Concerning the Wisdom of the Convention
#10 – Concerning Factions & Majority/Minority Relations
#51 – Arguments for the use of Checks & Balances
#84 – Regarding the Lack of a Bill of Rights
42. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
Led by revolutionaries like John Hancock, Richard
Henry Lee, & George Mason
Objections:
The ratification process…
No mention of God…
Missing a BILL OF RIGHTS!
General Complaint = TOO MUCH POWER for government
43.
44.
45. THE BILL OF RIGHTS
The final Constitutional compromise comes from the
Ratification Debates
The Convention had no momentum for a Bill of Rights
Federalists get the Constitution
Anti-Federalists gain protections for personal liberty
46.
47.
48. CONSTITUTIONAL INFLUENCES
John Locke’s “Two Treatises of Government”
Focus on his theories on Natural Rights for all people
Jean Jacques Rousseau’s “Social Contract”
Focus on the concept of people establishing a limited
government for protection
Baron de Montesquieu’s “The Spirit of Law”
Focus on using a Separation of Powers to limit the
government’s use of power
49. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT
1. FEDERAL
Power is divided between one central & numerous regional
governments
Established by a DIVISION OF POWER within the
Constitution
The Supremacy Clause grants ultimate authority to the
NATIONAL government (Article VI, Section II)
1.6
50. DIVISION OF POWERS
National powers are based on the Constitution and the
Necessary & Proper Clause
EXPRESSED Powers (Specifcally Stated)
IMPLIED Powers (“Reasonably Suggested”)
State Powers are based on the 10th Amendment to the
Constitution
States will keep powers which are not granted to the federal
government AND not denied to the States
1.6
51. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT, II
2. Presidential
The two branches are SEPARATE and INDEPENDENT
from each other but equal
Typically have separate powers that can LIMIT the power of
the other (Checks & Balances)
… invented by the U.S.
1.6
52. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT, III
3. Republican
The US is dedicated to "liberty and justice for all”
People have inalienable rights which cannot be voted
away by a democracy’s majority vote.
Natural rights AND civil rights
People are sovereign in a republic, not the state!
1.6
53.
54. MAJORITY RULE WITH
MINORITY RIGHTS
Is the key feature of a republican government… the will
of the many cannot override the rights of the few!
Majority Responsibilities:
1. Recognize the rights of the minority
2. Be willing to engage in discussion!
Minority Responsibilities:
1. Acknowledge they will not get their way most of the time
1.6
55. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT, IV
4. Popular Sovereignty
Power in the US comes not from the State, but from the
consent of the governed…
Outlined in the Declaration of Independence & the
Constitution
Government must follow the RULE OF LAW and obey the
laws it creates!
1.6
56. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT, V
5. Separation of Powers
Governmental Power is held in THREE separate and distinct
branches…
Legislative (Congress) – Makes Laws
Executive (President) – Enforces Laws
Judicial (Supreme Court) – Interprets & Applies Laws
"The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and
judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many,
and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may
justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.”
~ James Madision
1.6
57. CHECKS & BALANCES
A complex system of restraints to unite AND limit the
three branches of the US government
Each can block the operation of the others in specific ways
Builds up “institutional rivalry” in the government
1.6
59. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT, VI
6. Difficult Adaptation
Explained in Article V (Amending the Constitution)
27 Amendments over 226 years!
One has been “repealed” 18th
Power is held by Congress and the States…
NOT the President or Supreme Court
THOUSANDS (856 in the 1990’s alone!) have been
proposed with a success rate of less than 1%
1.7
61. FAILED AMENDMENTS
Amendment Date Proposed Status Subject
Congressional
Apportionment
Amendment
September 25, 1789
Still pending before state
lawmakers
Apportionment of U.S.
Representatives
Titles of Nobility
Amendment
May 1, 1810
Still pending before state
lawmakers
Prohibition of titles of
nobility
Corwin Amendment March 2, 1861
Still pending before state
lawmakers {Rendered
useless by the 13th
Amendment}
Preservation of slavery
Child Labor Amendment June 2, 1924
Still pending before state
lawmakers
Congressional power to
regulate child labor
Equal Rights Amendment March 22, 1972
Expired 1979 or 1982
{some scholars disagree}
Prohibition of inequality of
men and women
District of Columbia
Voting Rights Amendment
August 22, 1978 Expired 1987
Voting rights for citizens in
D.C.
1.7
62. FAILED ATTEMPTS
1876: Forbid religious leaders from occupying
a governmental office or receiving federal
funding
1893: Renaming the US the “United States of
the Earth”
1894: Would recognize God and Jesus as the
supreme authorities in human affairs.
1912: Making interracial marriage illegal
1914: Divorce would be illegal
1916: Acts of war should be put to a national
vote & yes votes require registration for
service in the Army.
1933: Limit personal wealth to $1 million
1947: The income tax maximum for an
individual should not exceed 25%
1971: Citizens have the alienable right to an
environment free of pollution.
1985: Prohibit abortion, except in cases of
rape, incest, or life endangerment.
1992: To repeal the 26th Amendment and
grant the right to vote to 16-year olds
2003: To allow Congress emergency refill of
its membership should more than a quarter
of either house be killed
2005: “Every Vote Counts” – Direct vote for
President, not Electoral College
2011: Mandating an “Annually Balanced
Budget”
1.7
63. WAYS TO AMEND
1. Proposed by Congress with 2/3rds approval & ratified
by 3/4ths of the States legislatures
2. Proposed by Congress and ratified 3/4ths of “special”
State Conventions
3. Proposed by National Convention and ratified by
3/4ths of State legislatures
4. Proposed by National Convention and ratified by
3/4ths of “special” State conventions
64. THE CHALLENGE…
…is on the Interpretation of the Constitution
Strict (or Original Intent)
Dynamic (or Living Text)
How literally should the document be read?
1.6
Editor's Notes
Magna Carta Examples: Due Process/Habeas Corpus, Taxation “Permission”/Counsel,
Petition of Right Examples: Punishment only if convicted in court, No quartering of troops, & the Monarchs must follow the “rule of law”
English Bill of Rights Examples: Freedom to petition the monarch, freedom of speech & debate, only civil courts are legal, etc.
June 7, 1776
Resolved:
That these united colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiances to the British crown and that all political connections between them and the state of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved.