This document discusses the fundamental parts of Spanish verbs, including verbs in the present tense. It covers the infinitive, ending, and stem of Spanish verbs. The infinitive is the basic unconjugated form ending in "r". The ending is the last two letters of the infinitive. The stem is what is left after removing the ending. It provides examples of regular -ar verbs and explains how to conjugate them by using the stem and applying emphasis to different vowels. It also discusses how the present tense can be used to express present, ongoing, and future actions in Spanish.

1. Verbs in the Present Tense
(Los verbos en el tiempo presente)
First conjugation: -ar

2. The fundamental parts of the
Spanish verb
The infinitive: The basic, unconjugated
form, the one that corresponds to the English
“to do” (something). For example, to speak,
to work, to sing, etc.
The Spanish infinitive always ends in r

3. The fundamental parts of the
Spanish verb
The Spanish infinitive always ends in r
hablar salir
comer conocer
escribir costar
cantar correr
aprender finalizar
leer freír

4. The fundamental parts of the
Spanish verb
The ending: The last two letters of
the infinitive.
The ending always
consists of two letters.

5. The fundamental parts of the
Spanish verb
The ending always consists of two letters
hablar salir
comer conocer
escribir costar
cantar correr
aprender finalizar
leer freír
There are three types or categories of verbs in Spanish:
those that end in ar, those that end in er, and those that end in ir

6. The fundamental parts of the
Spanish verb
The stem or root: Whatever is left after
removing the ending from the infinitive.
The stem can consist of a variable
number of letters, depending on
the length of the verb in question.

7. The fundamental parts of the
Spanish verb
The infinitive – the ending = the stem
hablar salir
comer conocer
escribir costar
cantar correr
aprender finalizar
leer freír

8. The fundamental parts
of the verb
The infinitive: The basic, unconjugated
form of the verb. estudiar
The ending: The last two letters of the
infinitive. ar
The stem: What is left after taking the ending
from the infinitive. estudi

9. Verb Conjugation
To conjugate: To put a verb in its
correct person and number so that
we know who is doing the action.
When we conjugate any
verb we always begin
with its stem.

10. Verbs of the 1st conjugation (-ar)
The following verbs are regular -ar verbs and are conjugated
according to the pattern in the following slides.
hablar to speak llegar to arrive
ayudar to help mirar to look at
bailar to dance nadar to swim
buscar to look for necesitar to need
caminar to walk preparar to prepare
comprar to buy regresar to return
conversar to converse tomar to take or
enseñar to teach to drink
escuchar to listen trabajar to work
estudiar to study viajar to travel

11. Verbs of the 1st conjugation (-ar)
hablar
All persons and numbers are based on the stem.
yo hablo nosotros/as hablamos
tú hablas vosotros/as habláis
Ud. habla Uds. hablan
él ellos
ella ellas
Notice which vowel
gets the emphasis!

12. Verbs of the 1st conjugation (-ar)
trabajar
Its stem?
trab ajo trabaja mos
traba jas trabajáis
trabaja trab ajan
The emphasis?

13. Verbs of the 1st conjugation (-ar)
buscar
Its stem?
busco buscamos
buscas buscáis
bu sca bu scan
The emphasis?

14. Verbs of the 1st conjugation (-ar)
estudiar
Its stem?
estudio estudiamos
estudias estudiáis
estudia estudian
The emphasis?

15. Verb usage
The Spanish present indicative tense has several
equivalents in English.
As in English, it can express present habitual actions:
Estudiamos español en la universidad.
We study Spanish at the university.
But, unlike English, it can also express ongoing actions:
En este momento estudiamos en la biblioteca.
Right now we’re studying in the library.
It can even express future actions:
Esta noche estudiamos para el examen.
Tonight we will study for the exam.

16. La biblioteca es un buen lugar para estudiar.
Estudio
¿Qué matemáticas
estudias? .
Verb forms that refer to people that are within the conversation
flip to their “opposite” form.
estudio estudiamos
estudias estudiáis
estudia estudian
¿Qué estudias tú?

17. La biblioteca es un buen lugar para estudiar.
¿Qué Estudia
estudia filosofía.
Juan?
Verb forms that refer to people that are outside the conversation
do not change.
estudio estudiamos
estudias estudiáis
estudia estudian

18. FIN