This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the mandible. It describes the parts of the mandible including the body and ramus. It details the surfaces, borders, processes, foramina and attachments of muscles and vessels. The document also discusses age-related changes to the mandible and notes that the mandible is commonly fractured at the canine socket and angle.

1. SUJOY KULEY
ROLL NO: 1489
1ST YEAR BDS

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Parts of Mandible
 The Body
 The Ramus
 Attachments
 Foramina and
Relations to
Nerve & Vessels
 Age Changes of
Mandible
 Clinical Anatomy.

3. Introduction
 The Mandible, or lower jaw, is the
largest and strongest bone of the face.
 It develops from the First Pharyngeal
Arch.
 It has a Horseshoe-shaped body which
lodges the teeth.
 A pair of Rami which project upwards
from the posterior ends of the body and
provide attachment to muscle.

4. Parts of Mandible
 The Body of
Mandible.
 The Ramus
of Mandible.

5. The Body of Mandible
 Each half of the body of Mandible
consist of –
 Two surfaces i.e. Outer and Inner surface.
 Two borders i.e. Upper and Lower border.

6. Outer surface of Body of
mandible.
 Symphysis Menti-
 the line at which right and left halves of bone
meet each other.
 Mental Protubrence-
 A median triangular projecting area in the lower
part of Symphysis Menti.
 Mental Foramen -
 Lies below the interval between the premolar.
 Oblique Line-
 It runs downwards and forwards towards the
mental tubercle.

7. Inner surface of the body of
mandible
 Mylohyoid Line-
 A prominent ridge that runs obliquely downwards
and forwards from below 3rd molar.
 Submandibular Fossa-
 Below mylohyoid line forms slightly depressed
area.
 Genial Tubercles-
 The posterior surface of symphysis mentis marked
by four small elevations.
 Mylohyoid Groove-
 Below the posterior end of the mylohyoid line.

8. Borders of the body of the
mandible
 Upper or alveolar border bears sockets
for the teeth.
 The lower border of the mandible is
called the base of the mandible. Near
the midline the base shows an oval
depression called the Digastric Fossa.

9. The ramus of mandible
 The ramus has-
• Two surfaces- Lateral And Medial.
• Four border- Upper, Lower, Anterior and Posterior.
• Coronoid and Condyloid Process.

10. Surface of The Ramus
 Lateral surface, is flat and
bears a numbers of oblique
ridge.
 Medial surface presents-
 Mandibular foramen- lies
little above the center of
the mandible at the level
of the occlusal surface of
the teeth.
 Lingula- anterior margin
of the mandibular foramen
is marked by a tongue
shape projection towards
the head of the mandible.

11. Borders of the ramus
 The upper border of the ramus is thin and is
curved downwards forming the mandibular
notch.
 The lower border is backward continuous with
the base of the mandible.
 Anterior border is thin .
 Posterior border is thick

12. Superior part of the
ramus
 Condyloid process- a strong projection
from postero-superior part of ramus. The
head is covered with fibro-cartilage and
articulate with the temporal bone to form
Temporomandibular Joint.
 Coronoid process- is flattened
triangular upward projection from the
antero-superior part of the ramus.

13. Outer surface of mandible

14. Inner surface of Mandible

15. Attachment of mandible

16. Insertion of The Muscle of Mandible Name of The Muscle
The whole lateral surface of the ramus Masseter muscle
Medial surface of ramus Medial pterygoid
The apex and medial surface of coronoid
process
Temporalis
The pterygoid fovea on the anterior aspect of
neck
Lateral pterygoid
Lower boarder of the mandible Platysma
The mylohyoid line Mylohoid muscle
The upper genial tubercle Genioglossus
Oblique line on the lateral side of the body Buccinator
Incisive fossa gives origin to Mentalis muscle

17. Foramina & relations to nerve &
vessels
 Mental Foramen-transmit the Mental nerve and
vessels
 Mandible Foramen- passes through Inferior
alveolar nerve and vessels.
 Mylohyoid Groove- Mylohyoid nerve and
vessels lies in
 Medial Surface of The Ramus-Lingual nerve is
related to it.
 Mandibular Notch-Mesentric nerve and vessels
passes through it.

19. Age changes in mandible
Child Adult Old age
The mental foramen,
opens below the sockets
for the deciduous molar
teeth near the lower
border.
The mental foramen
opens midway b/w the
upper and lower border.
Mental foramen opens
close to the alveolar
border.
The angle is 140 degree
or more.
Angle is 110 or 120
degree
Angle again becomes
140 degree
The coronoid process is
large and projects
upwards above the level
of the condyle.
Condyle process is large
and projects upwards
above the level of
coronoid process.
The condyle process
and coronoid process
are at same level.

20. Clinical Anatomy
 The mandible is
the commonly
fractured at the
canine socket
where it is weak.
 Next common
fracture of
mandible occurs
at the angle.