1. THE LEARNER: HIS
NATURE AND
FUNDAMENTAL
EQUIPMENT
*INTELLECT
*WILL
*HABIT

2. INTELLECT
• Is the cognitive power of the mind.
The term intellect is derived from the
Latin word intelligere (intus, “within,”
and legere, “to read”), which means to
discern.

3. KINDS OF INTELLECTUAL
PROCESS
1. Conception
Representations of concrete objects and
qualities the essential elements or substantial
nature or essence of the object.

4. 2. Judgment
The affirming of the relationship between
things or concept.
3. Reasoning
Is an act by which the intellect discerns the
agreement or disagreement between two
concepts.

5. TWO FORMS OF
REASONING
Induction
• Is the method of reasoning which consists in forming
judgments about a number of particular cases.
Deduction
• is the method of reasoning which consists in the
application of a general principle or law to particular
facts.

6. ANALOGY
Process resemblances between
things are noted.

7. WILL
• The will is man’s rational appetitive power.
It is the tendency to desire, to seek, and to
enjoy that which is apprehend by the
intellect as good.

8. DELIBERATION
• This deliberation is followed by choice or
decision, which is the acceptance or rejection by the
mind of an object or a course of action after the
motives for and against the selection of the object
or course of action have been considered..

9. FREEDOM OF WILL

10. The theory which denies the freedom
of the will is termed
DETERMINISM.

11. 3 FORMS OF
DETERMINISM
1. Mechanical Determinism
-whatever man does is predestined
by laws of nature.

12. 2. Psychological Determinism
-holds that choice invariably follows
what is presented as the greatest good.
3. Biological Determinism
-volition is likened to reflex action.

13. AFFECTIVE STATES
The mental activities which are
characterized by feeling and
emotion.

14. EFFECTS OF EMOTION
a. Glandular Effects
b. Muscular Effects
c. Mental Effects

15. EMOTION
Is much more inclusive than that of feeling. It is
derived from the Latin word emotus, which
signifies a movement outward and implies an action
or tendency toward action which arises from some
inner need and is directed toward the outside
world.

16. KINDS OF EMOTIONS
1.Personal emotions
Refer to and center around the self, and
their central emphasis is the personal
welfare of the individual.

17. 2. Social emotions
Center around the nonselfish and benevolent
aspects of man’s nature.
3. Intellectual and Aesthetics emotions
Are based on higher needs and depend to a
large extent on education.

18. HABIT
The term habit has been derived from
the Latin verb habere which means “to have,”
that is, to acquire something which one did
not have originally.

19. Habit is an acquired mode of behavior;
that is, it is a learned reaction, involving the
tendency to repeat and to reproduce certain
actions and frequently and consistently; that
is, to act in the same general way under the
same or similar circumstances.