The document explores the nature of the learner as an embodied spirit, highlighting the interdependence of body and soul. It identifies five essential elements influencing learners: ability, aptitude, interest, family & cultural background, and attitudes. Additionally, it references Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which categorizes different types of cognitive abilities.

1. Chapter I:
The Learner

2. The Nature of the Learner
- The learner is an embodied spirit. He is the union
of sentient body and a rational soul. His body
experiences sensations and feels pleasure and
pain. His soul is the principle of spiritual acts, the
source of intellectual abstraction, self-reflection,
and free rational volition. Body and soul exist in
mutual dependence. (Kelly, 1965)

3. The Fundamental Equipment
of the Learner
The learner has the power to see, hear, touch,
smell, taste, perceive, imagine, retain, recall,
recognize past mental acts, conceive ideas,
make judgment, reason out, feel and choose.

4. Five Elements of the Learner
1. Ability
The students’ native ability dictates the
prospects of success in purposeful activity.
It determine their capacity to understand
and assimilate information for their own use
and application.

5. 2. Aptitude
Aptitude refers to the students’ innate
talent or gift. It indicates a natural capacity
to learn certain skills.

6. 3. Interest
Learners vary in activities that are undertaken
due to a strong appeal or attraction.

7. 4. Family & Cultural Background
Students who come from different
socioeconomic background manifest a
wide range behaviour due

8. 5. Attitudes
Students have unique way of thinking and
reacting. Confronted with the same situation
in the learning environment each one would
react differently depending on their personal
characteristics.

9. Positive Attidudes:
a. Curiosity
b. Responsibility
c. Creativity
d. Persistence

10. Howard Gardner
Howard Earl Gardner
(born July 11, 1943 is an
American developmental
psychologist who is a professor
of Cognition and Education
at Harvard University ,Senior
Director of Harvard Project Zero
and author of over twenty books
translated into thirty languages.
Since 1995, he has been the co-
director of the Good Work
Project. He is best known for
his theory of Multiple Intelligence

11. Multiple Intelligence
1. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
3. Spatial Intelligence
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
5. Musical Intelligence
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence
7. Interpersonal Intelligence
8. Naturalist Intelligence
9. Existential Intelligence

12. THANK YOU !!! 