The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document discusses real-time IoT stream processing and large-scale data analytics for smart city applications. It describes activities related to data aggregation and abstraction through data fusion, event detection in urban data streams, and real-time adaptive urban reasoning. The activities aim to bridge the gap between raw sensor data and higher-level knowledge through semantic techniques.
Open source health gis presentation finalJISC GECO
This document discusses using open source GIS tools to help address gaps in primary health care (PHC) services. It outlines current trends in PHC geography and use of GIS, including more localized information needs and the development of GP consortia. Existing GIS applications and tools are presented, along with some of their limitations. The document proposes a theoretical open source GIS toolkit using PHC, patient, and socio-demographic data to help inform PHC planning and services. Developing such a toolkit could help make GIS and geographic information more cost-effective and customizable for PHC organizations.
Spatial representation of data in Urban Planning and DesignRoberto Rocco
This a lecture of data, statistics and spatial representation and understanding of data. This is important for planners and designers who need to understand social trends in space and how to communicate them to an audience. I typically teach this lecture in 50 minutes (I skip some slides). Feel free to use material here, but do the right thing: acknowledge the source.
Analysis Of Influence Of Spatial Planning On Performance Of Regional Developm...Suwandi, Dr. SE.,MSi
The various problems in regional spatial planning in Waropen District, Papua, shows that the Spatial Planning (RTRW) of Waropen District, Papua, drafted in 2010 has not had a positive contribution to the settlement of spatial planning problems. This is most likely caused by the inconsistency in the spatial planning. This study tried to observe the consistency of spatial planning as well as its relation to the regional development performance. The method used to observe the consistency of the preparation of guided Spatial Planning (RTRW) is the analysis of comparative table followed by analysis of verbal logic. In order to determine if the preparation of Spatial Planning (RTRW) has already paid attention on the synergy with the surrounding regions (Inter-Regional Context), a map overlay was conducted, followed by analysis of verbal logic. To determine the performance of the regional development, a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was done. The analysis results showed that inconsistencies in the spatial planning had caused a variety of problems that resulted in decreased performance of the regional development. The main problems that should receive more attention are: infrastructure, development growth, economic growth, transportation aspect and new properties.
This document discusses different aspects of surveys for urban and regional planning. It covers the necessity of surveys, data collection techniques, types of surveys including regional, town, functional, social, territorial and vital surveys. It also describes surveying techniques like self-surveys, interviews and direct inspections. The document discusses sample selection, types of samples including simple random, systematic, stratified and clustered. Finally, it notes potential errors in surveying like bias, measurement errors and missing answers.
The document discusses real-time IoT stream processing and large-scale data analytics for smart city applications. It describes activities related to data aggregation and abstraction through data fusion, event detection in urban data streams, and real-time adaptive urban reasoning. The activities aim to bridge the gap between raw sensor data and higher-level knowledge through semantic techniques.
Open source health gis presentation finalJISC GECO
This document discusses using open source GIS tools to help address gaps in primary health care (PHC) services. It outlines current trends in PHC geography and use of GIS, including more localized information needs and the development of GP consortia. Existing GIS applications and tools are presented, along with some of their limitations. The document proposes a theoretical open source GIS toolkit using PHC, patient, and socio-demographic data to help inform PHC planning and services. Developing such a toolkit could help make GIS and geographic information more cost-effective and customizable for PHC organizations.
Spatial representation of data in Urban Planning and DesignRoberto Rocco
This a lecture of data, statistics and spatial representation and understanding of data. This is important for planners and designers who need to understand social trends in space and how to communicate them to an audience. I typically teach this lecture in 50 minutes (I skip some slides). Feel free to use material here, but do the right thing: acknowledge the source.
Analysis Of Influence Of Spatial Planning On Performance Of Regional Developm...Suwandi, Dr. SE.,MSi
The various problems in regional spatial planning in Waropen District, Papua, shows that the Spatial Planning (RTRW) of Waropen District, Papua, drafted in 2010 has not had a positive contribution to the settlement of spatial planning problems. This is most likely caused by the inconsistency in the spatial planning. This study tried to observe the consistency of spatial planning as well as its relation to the regional development performance. The method used to observe the consistency of the preparation of guided Spatial Planning (RTRW) is the analysis of comparative table followed by analysis of verbal logic. In order to determine if the preparation of Spatial Planning (RTRW) has already paid attention on the synergy with the surrounding regions (Inter-Regional Context), a map overlay was conducted, followed by analysis of verbal logic. To determine the performance of the regional development, a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was done. The analysis results showed that inconsistencies in the spatial planning had caused a variety of problems that resulted in decreased performance of the regional development. The main problems that should receive more attention are: infrastructure, development growth, economic growth, transportation aspect and new properties.
This document discusses different aspects of surveys for urban and regional planning. It covers the necessity of surveys, data collection techniques, types of surveys including regional, town, functional, social, territorial and vital surveys. It also describes surveying techniques like self-surveys, interviews and direct inspections. The document discusses sample selection, types of samples including simple random, systematic, stratified and clustered. Finally, it notes potential errors in surveying like bias, measurement errors and missing answers.
Application of remote sensing,population identificationSATISH KUMAR
GIS
Remote Sensing
POPULATION IDENTIFICATION-REMOTE SENSING
Application of remote sensing
Statistical Modelling of Population
Dasymetric Mapping of Population
Cape cod example
Consideration of adjustments to density
GIS based electoral system provides efficient database and also be useful to enhance officials to conduct and manage elections. This research is aimed at using Geographic Information System based approach to monitoring election in Awka South L.G.A of Anambra State. The methodology employed in this research involves conversion of analogue map into digital map (through the process of scanning), georeferencing and digitizing, updating the study road map using Google Earth image. Other processes includes: Plotting of coordinate points, Geo-database creation and queries generations. GIS based mapping is one of the best techniques of depicting spatial data, the location the polling unit was depicted and it was noticed that there are no polling units located at around/within Ngozika and Udoka Housing units.
Interoperable and Distributed Processing in GIS to Sustain the Development of...Forokoro Kone
Since 1992, implement decentralization reformin Mali has made it possible to empower the populations in their own development planning. Resources distribution to local authorities requires detailed information of the constraints and the assets linked to their development. Data collected on the rural area are often poorly defined, redundant or incomplete and inefficiencies for sharing due to a lack of applied standard tools. The information is too descriptive and it is difficult to extract useful one for decision making process. There is inadequate information upon which to base resource allocation decisions. The purpose of this paper is to define data, that can be collected on rural municipalities or localities and handled by GIS to make information available to decision-makers, planners and beneficiaries. The data used from Malian poverty survey performed in 2001-2002 focused on the satisfaction of basic household needs. This concept is based on meeting those who lack access to basic living needs, which generally include clean water, sanitation, nutrition, primary health services, and basic education.The method used the platform of "MapGIS IGS, IIS6, Windows Server 2003, ASP.NET and MS SQL Server 2000" to develop an application GIS Web Service. Data areintegrated to the platform and published as services. The product outputhave been tested successfully on the intranet of Wuhan Zondy Cyber in the term of interoperability and extraction of the information needed.With this tool, each local authority can be a potential collector of his own data and participates to update the database. The Web Services model of the GIS systems described provides users with the services and data they need, without having to install, learn, or pay for any unused functionalities. The extension of this standardization in all ECOWAS countries would be a great advantage regarding the sharing of geographic information between countries.
Towards 'Resilient Cities' - Harmonisation of Spatial Planning Information as...Beniamino Murgante
Towards 'Resilient Cities' - Harmonisation of Spatial Planning Information as One Step Along the Way
Manfred Schrenk, Julia Neuschmid, Daniela Patti - Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society, Central European Institute of Technology, Austria
Smart City and Spatial Big Data -Studies and cases in Japan-Yuki Akiyama
1. The document discusses the use of micro geodata (MGD) for smart city applications in Japan. It provides examples of available MGD in Japan including building data, population census data, and mobile phone data.
2. Case studies presented utilize MGD for monitoring population distribution through micro population census, estimating disaster damage, and understanding traffic patterns by analyzing mobile phone GPS data.
3. The author argues that widespread use of digital maps and availability of detailed spatial data is increasing demand for more granular data. MGD is gaining attention for how it can be developed, shared and applied to realize smart cities.
This presentation uses the spatial analysis completed over the past year on 20 villages in Andhra Paradesh to demonstrate the effectiveness of mapping as a way of analysing and understanding factors that influence life-cycle costs and WASH service levels.
The document discusses maps and geographic information systems. It defines maps as any geographic image of the environment, including mental maps held solely in our minds. Traditionally, cartography focused on producing maps through scaling, generalization, symbolization and transformation. However, geographic information systems now provide capabilities for more sophisticated mapping and analysis by combining automated mapping with linkages that allow complex queries, overlays and spatial modeling. The document argues future systems should address more complex geographic problems and better communicate results using various methods.
Cyril Connolly, Lecturer, IADT, Dun Laoghaire: Visualising Road Accident Data Dublinked .
This document discusses the history and importance of data visualization. It provides examples of how the software DataDesk can be used to interactively explore and analyze Irish road accident data. Key points include: (1) DataDesk allows slicing and dicing of data through linked views, revealing patterns like regional differences in accident distributions. (2) Rotating plots can show relationships that emerge from entire datasets, like distinguishing clusters in accident profiles. (3) Interactive visualization brings statistics to life and aids decision making.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document summarizes a study on controlling post-harvest bacterial diseases of tomatoes in Abia State, Nigeria. The study assessed the effects of pre-heat treatments and plant extracts on bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora and fruit spot caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Subjecting tomato fruits to 50°C for 10 minutes provided the longest shelf life and was most effective at controlling the diseases. Plant extracts from neem, bitter kola, ginger, black pepper, and nutmeg were also effective at inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro compared to untreated controls. Cold water extracts of neem, ginger, and black pepper inhibited bacterial growth the most.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document presents a study that uses time series analysis and ARIMA modeling to analyze historical data on the rate of influx of refugees into Kenya from 1993 to 2010 and forecast future refugee numbers. The study collected annual refugee influx data, analyzed it using autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation, fitted an appropriate ARIMA model, and used the model to forecast refugee numbers in Kenya. The goal was to help authorities plan responses to the increasing refugee burden.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes a study on the suitability of soils for irrigation under the command area of the Gomal Zam Dam Multipurpose Project in Pakistan. Soil samples from 85 locations were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. It was found that 8.23% of the study area had highly suitable soils, 61.17% had moderately suitable soils, and 25.88% had marginally suitable soils. Some areas totaling 4.7% were unsuitable due to physical limitations like steep slopes or stones. The chemical factors of salinity and lime content were generally not limiting. Maps were produced showing the classification of different soil parameters and overall land suitability classes. Ridge planting and salt-tolerant crops were recommended
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The study analyzed 80 milk samples from cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep to evaluate factors affecting milk composition. The average fat, protein and lactose contents varied between species. Values differed from standards due to season, nutrition, lactation stage. Early lactation saw lower fat and protein but higher lactose. Late lactation had higher fat and protein but lower lactose. Winter milk had lower lactose but higher protein than summer. Feeding and lactation stage also impacted composition but disease reduced all constituents. Season and breed influenced composition the most.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes the effects of scaling on the operation of a low voltage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) in different CMOS process technologies. It describes the design of a single output OTA topology that uses a minimal number of transistors between the supply voltage and ground to operate at low voltages. Simulation results show that scaling to smaller feature sizes (90nm vs 180nm vs 350nm) increases the OTA's bandwidth, transconductance, and stability while reducing total harmonic distortion and power dissipation. Scaling allows higher frequency operation and lower power consumption in analog circuits like OTAs.
Application of remote sensing,population identificationSATISH KUMAR
GIS
Remote Sensing
POPULATION IDENTIFICATION-REMOTE SENSING
Application of remote sensing
Statistical Modelling of Population
Dasymetric Mapping of Population
Cape cod example
Consideration of adjustments to density
GIS based electoral system provides efficient database and also be useful to enhance officials to conduct and manage elections. This research is aimed at using Geographic Information System based approach to monitoring election in Awka South L.G.A of Anambra State. The methodology employed in this research involves conversion of analogue map into digital map (through the process of scanning), georeferencing and digitizing, updating the study road map using Google Earth image. Other processes includes: Plotting of coordinate points, Geo-database creation and queries generations. GIS based mapping is one of the best techniques of depicting spatial data, the location the polling unit was depicted and it was noticed that there are no polling units located at around/within Ngozika and Udoka Housing units.
Interoperable and Distributed Processing in GIS to Sustain the Development of...Forokoro Kone
Since 1992, implement decentralization reformin Mali has made it possible to empower the populations in their own development planning. Resources distribution to local authorities requires detailed information of the constraints and the assets linked to their development. Data collected on the rural area are often poorly defined, redundant or incomplete and inefficiencies for sharing due to a lack of applied standard tools. The information is too descriptive and it is difficult to extract useful one for decision making process. There is inadequate information upon which to base resource allocation decisions. The purpose of this paper is to define data, that can be collected on rural municipalities or localities and handled by GIS to make information available to decision-makers, planners and beneficiaries. The data used from Malian poverty survey performed in 2001-2002 focused on the satisfaction of basic household needs. This concept is based on meeting those who lack access to basic living needs, which generally include clean water, sanitation, nutrition, primary health services, and basic education.The method used the platform of "MapGIS IGS, IIS6, Windows Server 2003, ASP.NET and MS SQL Server 2000" to develop an application GIS Web Service. Data areintegrated to the platform and published as services. The product outputhave been tested successfully on the intranet of Wuhan Zondy Cyber in the term of interoperability and extraction of the information needed.With this tool, each local authority can be a potential collector of his own data and participates to update the database. The Web Services model of the GIS systems described provides users with the services and data they need, without having to install, learn, or pay for any unused functionalities. The extension of this standardization in all ECOWAS countries would be a great advantage regarding the sharing of geographic information between countries.
Towards 'Resilient Cities' - Harmonisation of Spatial Planning Information as...Beniamino Murgante
Towards 'Resilient Cities' - Harmonisation of Spatial Planning Information as One Step Along the Way
Manfred Schrenk, Julia Neuschmid, Daniela Patti - Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society, Central European Institute of Technology, Austria
Smart City and Spatial Big Data -Studies and cases in Japan-Yuki Akiyama
1. The document discusses the use of micro geodata (MGD) for smart city applications in Japan. It provides examples of available MGD in Japan including building data, population census data, and mobile phone data.
2. Case studies presented utilize MGD for monitoring population distribution through micro population census, estimating disaster damage, and understanding traffic patterns by analyzing mobile phone GPS data.
3. The author argues that widespread use of digital maps and availability of detailed spatial data is increasing demand for more granular data. MGD is gaining attention for how it can be developed, shared and applied to realize smart cities.
This presentation uses the spatial analysis completed over the past year on 20 villages in Andhra Paradesh to demonstrate the effectiveness of mapping as a way of analysing and understanding factors that influence life-cycle costs and WASH service levels.
The document discusses maps and geographic information systems. It defines maps as any geographic image of the environment, including mental maps held solely in our minds. Traditionally, cartography focused on producing maps through scaling, generalization, symbolization and transformation. However, geographic information systems now provide capabilities for more sophisticated mapping and analysis by combining automated mapping with linkages that allow complex queries, overlays and spatial modeling. The document argues future systems should address more complex geographic problems and better communicate results using various methods.
Cyril Connolly, Lecturer, IADT, Dun Laoghaire: Visualising Road Accident Data Dublinked .
This document discusses the history and importance of data visualization. It provides examples of how the software DataDesk can be used to interactively explore and analyze Irish road accident data. Key points include: (1) DataDesk allows slicing and dicing of data through linked views, revealing patterns like regional differences in accident distributions. (2) Rotating plots can show relationships that emerge from entire datasets, like distinguishing clusters in accident profiles. (3) Interactive visualization brings statistics to life and aids decision making.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document summarizes a study on controlling post-harvest bacterial diseases of tomatoes in Abia State, Nigeria. The study assessed the effects of pre-heat treatments and plant extracts on bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora and fruit spot caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Subjecting tomato fruits to 50°C for 10 minutes provided the longest shelf life and was most effective at controlling the diseases. Plant extracts from neem, bitter kola, ginger, black pepper, and nutmeg were also effective at inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro compared to untreated controls. Cold water extracts of neem, ginger, and black pepper inhibited bacterial growth the most.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document presents a study that uses time series analysis and ARIMA modeling to analyze historical data on the rate of influx of refugees into Kenya from 1993 to 2010 and forecast future refugee numbers. The study collected annual refugee influx data, analyzed it using autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation, fitted an appropriate ARIMA model, and used the model to forecast refugee numbers in Kenya. The goal was to help authorities plan responses to the increasing refugee burden.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes a study on the suitability of soils for irrigation under the command area of the Gomal Zam Dam Multipurpose Project in Pakistan. Soil samples from 85 locations were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. It was found that 8.23% of the study area had highly suitable soils, 61.17% had moderately suitable soils, and 25.88% had marginally suitable soils. Some areas totaling 4.7% were unsuitable due to physical limitations like steep slopes or stones. The chemical factors of salinity and lime content were generally not limiting. Maps were produced showing the classification of different soil parameters and overall land suitability classes. Ridge planting and salt-tolerant crops were recommended
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The study analyzed 80 milk samples from cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep to evaluate factors affecting milk composition. The average fat, protein and lactose contents varied between species. Values differed from standards due to season, nutrition, lactation stage. Early lactation saw lower fat and protein but higher lactose. Late lactation had higher fat and protein but lower lactose. Winter milk had lower lactose but higher protein than summer. Feeding and lactation stage also impacted composition but disease reduced all constituents. Season and breed influenced composition the most.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes the effects of scaling on the operation of a low voltage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) in different CMOS process technologies. It describes the design of a single output OTA topology that uses a minimal number of transistors between the supply voltage and ground to operate at low voltages. Simulation results show that scaling to smaller feature sizes (90nm vs 180nm vs 350nm) increases the OTA's bandwidth, transconductance, and stability while reducing total harmonic distortion and power dissipation. Scaling allows higher frequency operation and lower power consumption in analog circuits like OTAs.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document summarizes a study on using spinach plants to remove copper and iron from polluted water through rhizofilteration and phytoextraction. The study involved planting spinach in pots with synthetic wastewater containing different concentrations of copper and iron over various time periods. The results showed that spinach was highly effective at accumulating metals, removing 86.5% of copper and 85.9% of iron from the water through rhizofilteration. The highest accumulation of metals occurred in the spinach leaves rather than the roots or stems. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that spinach is a good candidate for phytoremediation of copper and iron pollution from water.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
This report summarizes a survey of the Taluka Sports Complex in Paithan using Google Earth and GPS. The sports complex was established in 2007 and contains facilities for tennis, football, gymnastics, boxing, squash, and cricket. The total land area is 1.48 acres. GPS was used to obtain latitude and longitude coordinates at 4 points around the complex. When compared to the Google Earth coordinates, small differences of up to 3 meters were found at some points, likely due to GPS or Google Earth inaccuracies. The report concludes that there can be slight differences between coordinates from online maps versus physical measurements.
The Mapping Revolution: Incorporating Geographic Information Systems in Gover...GovLoop
Since the beginning of civilization, humans have used images as a means to tell stories. We have used images to educate, entertain or to build a just and moral society. Our ancient ancestors would use images to remember stories and archive information for future generations. Similar to our ancient ancestors, we use images today to convey meaning, understand complex relationships and improve communication.
The use of mapping and geospatial technology is at the heart of story telling and improved communications. As the challenges of the public sector continue to grow in complexity, efficient and effective communication tools are essential. Today, government is more interconnected than ever before, and the complexity has led to increased integration between state, local and federal officials. At all levels of government, agencies are looking for solutions to find value and improve public sector decision-making through data. http://www.govloop.com/profiles/blogs/govloop-guide-the-mapping-revolution-incorporating-geographic-inf
An Empirical Study of the Geospatial Availability of Hospitals in Imo East us...ijtsrd
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The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume||2 ||Issue|| 7||Pages|| 25-29||2013||
ISSN(e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN(p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 25
Utilization of Geographic Information System (Gis) In
Demographic Analysis Of Census Data In Awka Metropolis In
Anambra State, Nigeria
BY
*Ogochukwu C. Okeke and **Prof.H,C Inyiama
*Anambra State University Uli, Nigeria
**Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State, Nigeria
-------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------
When inference is desired regarding some attribute of a particular geographic region, it often happens that data
are not directly available for that region. However, it may be that data are available over the same general
area, but reported according to a different set of regional boundaries. Recently, powerful computer programs
called geographic information systems (GIS’s) have enabled the simultaneous display of such “misaligned”
data sets. Today, there is a huge amount of data gathered about census and its analysis is not critically done
well to bring out some basic and important attributes of the census data. This is usually due to non-availability
of the required tools in carrying out that and doing that manually is very cumbersome and tedious. In order to
take care of these lapses have necessitated this research work on the utilization of GIS in demographic analysis
of census data in Awka metropolis in Anambra state, Nigeria This work focuses on census data from two most
recent consecutive censuses conducted between 1991 and 2006. In Anambra state Nigeria, there is always a
problem of census enumeration because tools that would help to get actual figures which will help government
and individuals in tactful and strategic planning .This software geographic information system (GIS) would help
to solve the disturbing problem. The population density map was developed using dot density where each dot
represents a population. The output of this is a functional geo-spatial distribution of a population in Awka
metropolis.
KEYWORDS: Demography, GIS ,Census
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission:18 July 2013 Date of Publication:7 ,Aug ,2013
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Census analysis is often not critically analyzed to bring out some of the basic and important attributes
of census data information (Okeke, 2013). This is usually due to non-availability of the required tools for
carrying out such analysis. This research work suggests the use of geographical information system (GIS) as an
integrating technology that gives geo-spatial distribution of the population. Information on population growth
and landscape change are critical among decision makers, planners, and local land users who rely on such
information to assess the physical extent, characteristics, and consequences of past and future population
development.
The geographical information system (GIS) is very important for sustainability and economic growth in
consideration of population distribution of an area. It is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing
features and events on earth. GIS technology integrates common database operations, such as query and
statistical analysis with maps (Shahab, 2008). GIS manages location-based information and provides tools for
display and analysis of various statistics, including population characteristics, economic development
opportunities and vegetation types ((Rushton, Elmes and McMaster, 2000)). GIS allows someone to link
databases and maps to create dynamic displays (Shahab, 2008). Additionally, it provides tools to visualize,
query, and overlay those databases relating to census enumeration in many ways not possible with traditional
spreadsheets (Shahab, 2008). Geographic information research and technologies have experienced over four
decades of development, from the mainframe to the workstation to the desktop, and to today’s laptop and mobile
devices. Every important GIS development is driven by a significant breakthrough of mainstream information
technology.
2. Utilization Of Geographic Information System…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 26
For example, the 1980s was characterized by the popularity of personal computers that were
increasingly becoming affordable to university departments, governmental agencies and private sectors The ever
increasingly urbanized world has created various problems of environment, climate, consumption of resources,
and public health, which are closely linked to the side-effects of urbanization such as sprawl, congestion,
housing affordability and loss of open space. These problems need to be addressed at various levels of spatial
planning and decision making. For instance, in urbanization management, special and specific consideration
should be given to the relationships between land use, transportation, and the environment. GIS offers the power
to integrate biophysical and socio-economic data, which can help to understand the forces driving urban growth
and development .GIS is highly dependent upon other existing sources of data, particularly the census datasets.
A GIS leverages the flexibility of geographic data. Raw data are static (non- changing) and offer only a limited
amount of flexibility on real-world applications. When raw data are transformed to geographic data through a
GIS, the capability for enhanced data use and analysis (i.e., data flexibility) significantly increases. At a
minimum, overlaying two geographic data sources provides sufficient new information, better analytical means,
and additional flexibility to not only helps someone visualize the real world but also helps them make an
informed decision (Galati, 2006).Geographic information system is defined as a system for capturing, storing,
checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the
earth.(Shahab,2008).Geographic information system needs spatial data, this makes it unique. Here spatial means
–related to the real world location. That is why GIS is based on geographic concepts Moreover census figures
are not always accurate in Nigeria, and some people in the towns will be counted while others would not, some
people would be employed while others would not and some states are more marginalized than others, why is it
that you must vote where you register only, all these questions will be answered only when accurate and
standard census process is being taken using geographic information system (GIS) (Okeke, 2013).
A population and housing census is of great relevance to the economics, political and socio-cultural
planning of a country. Reliable and detailed data on the size, structure, distribution and socio-economic and
demographic characteristics of a country’s population is required for planning, policy intervention and
monitoring of development goals (Census Enumerator’s Manual, 2006). A population census is the major source
of data. The housing condition of the population provides a reliable indicator of citizen’s well being.
Information on housing is dispensable to planers and policy makers in evaluating housing conditions, estimating
housing needs and formulating housing policies. Most countries of the world conduct population and economic
censuses at regular intervals. Population census information is of great value in planning public services for
governments at all levels, such as cities, counties, provinces, and states. Both population and economic census
data are also used by private companies or community organizations for various purposes, such as marketing
studies, situating new factories or shopping malls, developing social service programs.
The United Nation (UN) defines census as total as total process of collecting compiling, analyzing,
evaluating, publishing and disseminating demographic economic, social and housing data pertaining at a
specified time to all persons and all building in a country or in a well delineated part (Census Enumerator’s
Manual, 2006). By definition therefore, the essential features of a population and housing census require that
each individual person and each building is enumerated separately and only once and that the census operation
is confined to a well defined territory and reference period.Arnett (2005) defines census as a periodic count of
the population. It is the process of obtaining information about every member for a population (not necessarily a
human population). It can be contrasted with sampling in which information is only obtained from a subset of a
population. As such it is a method used for accumulating statistical data, and also it is also it is vital
democratically. The counting or listing of a certain region is done by a census enumerator commonly on a
federal or state basis.
Nigeria has had a long history of census talking. The first census was in 1866. The censuses of censuses of 1866,
1871, 1896, were restricted to Lagos Island and parts of Lagos Mainland. The censuses of 1901, 1911 and 1921
covered, in addition to Lagos a few more urban towns in the colony. Most of these censuses were actually
population estimates. Although the census of 1952/53 was elaborate in organization, its non-simultaneity, which
has implications for possible double counting is considered its weak points.The first post independence census
in Nigeria was carried out in 1962. This was out rightly cancelled and another conducted in 1963. The 1963
census results became the official figured and was used until the 1991 census was accepted. There was a census
in 1973 but the results were declared unacceptable on account of massive inaccuracies. The 1991 census broke
the myth of failed censuses in Nigeria. Also 2006 Nigeria had their last census, though many several uses to a
3. Utilization Of Geographic Information System…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 27
nation. It provides the total characteristics in every town, village or /and locality. This information
provides data for planning programmers in education, health, housing and other social services at all levels of
governance. In addition to its use by government, information derived from census helps business/private sector
to plan their activities. Then it is the objectives of this research work to develop a census density map of Awka
metropolis in Anambra state Nigeria using dot density and to develop different geographic information system
of different maps showing different attributes of population like map of 2006 population, map 1991 population,
map of age distribution of Awka metropolis, map of roads in Awka metropolis and population density of each ,
all these attributes of population appears in layers which helps government in planning and good decision
making (Okeke,2013).Demography is the statistical study of human population
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography). It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of
dynamic living population. It is also study of human population on their size, composition and migration are the
big three of demography jointly producing population stability,Development of Awka metropolis map in
Anambra state Nigeria was done by transforming digitized map into geographic information system software,
the map features were measured starting from left hand side of the map, and horizontal and vertical axis were
taken (Okeke, 2013).The output from scanned map is often used to generate vector data. This involves
automatic or user controlled raster to vector conversion. The resolution of scanned map is very important
because it affects the generalization of features in the map (Shahab, 2008).
II. RESULTS
In comparison to the present system, the new system will be less time consuming and is more efficient
since map of Awka metropolis (Awka north and Awka south) will be shown in layers indicating population
density (population density is the population per unit area) of a particular area like that of Nise, Mgbaukwu,
Okpuno, Oba-efemili, Mbaukwu, Amawbia, Awka, Nibo, Umuawulu, Urum, Amanuke, Isiagu, Amansea,
Ebenebe, Isuanaocha, Ugbenu, Ugbene, Achalla, age distributions of certain age limit like 0-9years to be
children, 10-20 years to be adolescent,21-35 years to be early adults, 36-70 years to be late adults ,71- 99years
to be old adult and 100 and above to be aged, Towns in Awka south and north local government are Nise,
Mgbaukwu, Okpuno, Oba-efemili, Mbaukwu, Amawbia, Awka, Nibo, Umuawulu, Urum, Amanuke, Isiagu,
Amansea, Ebenebe, Isuanaocha, Ugbenu, Ugbene, Achalla,, Buildings, number of males, number of females,
Roads and total number of population. Census analysis will be very easy in the new system as it is automated
which will help government to be proactive in planning and in decision making.
The output of this paper is functional geo-spatial distribution of population in Awka metropolis in Anambra state,
Nigeria. As shown below
Figure 1.1 Awka metropolis map showing 1991 Census figures using dot density.
4. Utilization Of Geographic Information System…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 28
Figure 1.2 Awka metropolis map showing 2006 Census figures using dot density.
Figure 1.3 Awka metropolis map showing all the eighteen towns in it.
Figure 1.4 Awka metropolis map showing 2006 population density of each town.
5. Utilization Of Geographic Information System…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 29
Figure 1.5 Awka metropolis map showing 1991 population density of each town.
III. SUMMARY
This research deals with the challenge of using geographic information system to capture census results
in Awka metropolis .Census density map of Awka metropolis was developed using dot density, since many
attributes are shown. The map of Awka metropolis together with their legend was displayed. Dot density was
used to represent distribution of population and buildings in the area. The old system was analyzed and its draw
backs were critically pointed out and new system dealt with problems in old system, which helps government to
be proactive in decision making.
IV. CONCLUSION
Overcount and undercount will be less likely to occur if people participatory in GIS are incorporated
into to the census and geospatial model. A correlation between census results and other data sources are more
likely to reduce data corruption and keep falsification to a minimum. Availability of census data assets in the
public domain available to everyone at any one time will put greater scrutiny on the data there by mounting
pressure on national population staff to do what is right by taking care that the data collected and released is
accurate.The field of GIS had a critical role to play in the use of geo-spatial data and information in national
developmental issues, like population and demography, resource management, environmental monitoring and
control, regional integration and international cooperation. However, when integrating GIS technology in the
development stage in any country , positive steps have to be taken by government and other stakeholders
involved in the development and promotion of GIS use for research, training and production of empirical data
for policy formulation at the local ,regional and national towards environmental monitoring and management,
resource management and developmental planning. With GIS as a tool for spatial data collation, processing,
storage, indexing, retrieval, analysis and communication, good demographic information about Awka
metropolis in Anambra state, Nigeria would be prepared.
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