The Impossibility of Journalism / Philip Cowan
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This document discusses the impossibility of defining journalism. It argues that journalism is necessarily rhetorical as it involves selection, prioritization, interpretation and simplification of information. While some criticize journalism as propaganda for elites, the document counters that media is too diverse to serve a single function and that dedicated journalists pursue anti-establishment stories. The conclusion is that journalism cannot be fully authoritative or comprehensive, as trying to control and define it strictly would transform it into propaganda. Journalism will survive through our basic human desire to understand the world around us.
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http://Conference.SPKNEU.ORG
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Espero que este material sea apropiado para cumplir con lo estipulado en el decreto 83. "Educación de Calidad" ¡Vamos que se puede!
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This document provides an overview of audience theory, including both "effects" models that consider how media impacts audiences, and different types of audience members (passive vs. active). It discusses the "preferred reading" theory, where media producers promote a particular interpretation that most audiences accept. The cultural effects model is explained, seeing audiences as passive recipients of ideological messages from media owners over long periods, gradually influencing societal norms and values. Key theories covered include the hypodermic syringe model of direct media effects and cultivation theory involving television's influence through repeated messages like promoting a "mean world."
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Genre theory is used to categorize films based on stylistic criteria. Genres help audiences identify different types of films and cater to their expectations. Narratives describe a sequence of events and move the story along defined roles and plot points. Representation involves how media texts portray reality through intentional construction of signs and symbols. Audience theory examines how audiences receive and make meaning from media texts, either passively or actively engaging with them based on social and personal factors. Research and planning are required to systematically develop ideas and create goals for making a horror film, such as analyzing film techniques, planning plots, and selecting locations. Digital technologies, creative techniques, and post-production stages are also needed to produce a finished horror film or trailer.
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#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
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The Impossibility of Journalism / Philip Cowan
- 1. THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF JOURNALISM Philip Cowan Senior Lecturer (Journalism) Research Student, University of Lincoln
- 2. A Liminal Space, Negatively Defined Propaganda Rhetoric Encyclopedic knowledge
- 3. Often extends beyond what it claims to be Propaganda Rhetoric Encyclopedic knowledge Journalism
- 4. Aristotle • Rhetoric: a necessary and legitimate part of public life, if employed using sound arguments and with genuine intent – the speaker believes what they are saying is true.
- 5. Aristotle’s strategies for persuasion • Logos – logic • Ethos – you believe in the fair-mindedness of the speaker • Pathos – appeal to the listener’s emotions “Aristotle had a low opinion of history — much like how we would regard newspapers today.” • OK, newspapers are not high art, but they are publicly engaged.
- 6. Unrealistic to expect journalism to be dull, comprehensive, fully authoritative.
- 8. Journalism is just propaganda? • Mass Media is little more than propaganda for the elite, maintaining the system in their favour and against the majority’s interests
- 9. Objections • Rhetoric is not propaganda • Publishers pursue appetite for profit • Dedicated journalists pursue anti-establishment stories • Public media is widespread • Media is too diverse to have a single ‘function’
- 10. But, he certainly has a point…
- 11. Journalism and Rhetoric Journalism is by necessity rhetorical: • Mediated • Selected • Prioritised • Interpreted • Argued • Simplified • Structured
- 12. Inverted pyramid: note the similarity to a an argument Proposition Supporting Evidence Context & Fallout Three men arrested three days before Remembrance Sunday had planned to behead a member of public in the UK, a court has been told.
- 13. Conclusion • Journalism cannot be what we perhaps hoped it could be. It is, in its essence, rogue, untamed and offensive. To define and control journalism would be to turn it into something else: propaganda, rhetoric or simply dull and unread. What passes for journalism is often these things, but often it is not. It will survive through our natural instinct to know and understand the world around us in a manner that relates to the everyday.