Carl Patrick S. Tadeo provides an overview of journalism. He defines journalism as the collection and dissemination of news through print and electronic media, which involves reporting, writing, editing, photographing, broadcasting, or cablecasting news items. Tadeo outlines the different types of journalism, including objective journalism, interpretative journalism, adversarial journalism, development journalism, and yellow journalism. He also discusses key tenets of journalism like responsibility, freedom of the press, independence, objectivity, truthfulness, accuracy, and fairness.

1. JOURNALISM
IN GENERAL
CARL PATRICK S. TADEO
Teacher-I, Olongapo City National High School
Olongapo City National High School
Special Program in Journalism

2. Objective/s:
At the end of this presentation, you
should be able to:
•define journalism in general;
•identify the different concept of
journalism based on different authors;
and
•differentiate the various scope of
journalism.

3. Journalism
•Etymology: (Latin) ‘diurnal’ - daily
•Ancient Rome, short bulletins of
battles, fires, and elections
compiled by government officials
were posted up in public places.
These were called acta diurna or
“daily events.”

4. Journalism
•The occupation of writing for
publication in newspapers and
other periodicals. – Noah Webster

5. Journalism
•Something that embraces all forms in
which or through which the news and
comments on the news reach the
public. All that happens in the world, if
such happenings hold interest for the
public, and all the thoughts, actions,
and ideas which these happenings
stimulate, become basic materials for
the journalist. - Fraser F. Bond

6. Journalism
•Enjoyable co-curricular activity of the
school paper staff in collecting,
organizing, and presenting news; in
writing editorials, columns, literary
articles, and features; in copyreading,
proofreading, dummying, and writing
headlines – all for the purpose of putting
out a school organ. – School Paper Advisers
of the City Schools of Manila

7. Journalism: Its Basic
Definition• It is concerned with the collection and
dissemination of news through print media
as well as electronic media.
• It involves various areas of work like
reporting, writing, editing,
photographing, broadcasting or cable
casting news items.
• It convers the printed media that comes in
the form of broadsheets, tabloids,
newsletters and magazines.

8. Scope of Journalism
•Written – periodicals
•Oral – radio
•Visual – television, movie,
documentaries

16. News Media (Forms of Mass
Media)
•Print media – newspaper,
newsmagazines
•Broadcast MEDIA – radio and
television
•ONLINE MEDIA (online
newspaper, news blogs)

17. Journalism versus Literature
Journalism Literature
Grounded on facts, on
truth and on actuality
Based on wandering
imagination
Has main genres, news,
editorial and features
Either prose or poetry
Follows strict method of
dividing ideas through
paragraphs
Has variety of forms and
styles
Both were forms of writing

18. Situation # 1:
•Jonas, a writer, wishes to come up
with a story about ghosts. He now
starts imagining the appearance of the
ghosts and creates a plot which
includes the conflict, the climax and
the resolution of the conflict. Jonas is
writing a literary piece.
•Is it JOURNALISM or
LITERATURE?

19. Situation # 2:
•Marla, also writes about ghosts.
However, before she starts writing
about the, she interviews person who
have allegedly seen them. The
appearance of ghosts, including the
persons’ beliefs about them, is written
into an entertaining way. Hence, the
output is packed with facts.
•Is it JOURNALISM or

20. SHORT QUIZ:
A. Determine in what scope (written, oral,
visual) of journalism can we categorize the
following:
• 1. DWGO
• 2. Philippine Daily Inquirer
• 3. TV Patrol
• 4. The Anchor
• 5. RCFM

21. SHORT QUIZ:
• B. Determine what form (PRINT,
BROADCAST, ONLINE)of media is shown
by the following:
• 1. Blog News
• 2. Bulgar
• 3. CNN News
• 4. CLRAA Newsletter
• 5. Brigada News FM

22. ASSIGNMENT:
• In a ½ crosswise, differentiate Journalism and Literature
using a Venn Diagram.

23. REFERENCES:
• Bulusan, Ferdinand. (2016). Campus Journalism within
your reach. Lorimar Publishing, Inc.: Quezon City

24. JOURNALISM: ITS
TYPES AND TENETS
CARL PATRICK S. TADEO
Teacher-I, Olongapo City National High School
Olongapo City National High School
Special Program in Journalism

25. Journalism
•Journalism is concerned it is a
form of writing that tells people
about things that really happened,
but that they might not have been
known about already.

26. Definition of Journalism
•“The COLLECTION and EDITING
of NEWS for presentation through
MEDIA.”

27. Types of
Journalism
Objective
Journalism
Adversarial
Journalism
Yellow
Journalism
Development
Journalism
Interpretative
Journalism

28. Objective Journalism
•It is the type of reporting events
that confines itself to facts and
answers the questions what, who,
where, when, why and how.

29. Interpretative
Journalism•It is the type of reporting events which
journalist attempts to explain the
significance of event by expounding
the how and why.

30. Adversarial Journalism
•It acts as “watchdog” that fiscalizes the
three branches of the government:
executive, legislative and judiciary.

31. Development
Journalism•It is an opposite of adversarial
journalism, it aims at promoting the
social, economic and political
development of the country.

32. Yellow Journalism
•Yellow journalism is also known as
sensationalism and it is writing which
emphasizes exaggerated claims or
rumors.
•Yellow journalism which highlights little
or no legitimate well-researched news
and instead uses eye-catching
headlines to sell more newspapers.

33. TENETS OF JOURNALISM
Tenet of Journalism Short Description
Responsibility Transmitter of veracity in any issue, and that they are liable
not to the company but to the public.
Freedom of the Press Anything can be written so long as there is no infraction to the
existing laws of the land.
Independence Services of journalist should be committed to the interest of
the general public and not driven by the interest of money.
Objectivity,
Truthfulness and
Accuracy
Checking the veracity of data and information.
Objectivity is simply avoiding conflicts of interest on the
treatment of the articles and on the way arguments and news
are written.
Fairness Telling of the truth and putting information in the right
perspective

34. WHAT MAKES JOURNALISM
DIFFERENT?
PRINCIPLE SHORT THOUGHTS
VERIFICATION VERIFIED FACTS,
TRUTH
INDEPENDENCE COMMITTED TO
INTEREST OF THE
GENERAL PUBLIC
ACCOUNTABILITY LIABLE TO WHAT
HE WRITES

35. VERIFICATION
•A process that establishes or confirms
the accuracy or truth of something.
•News organizations hire editors and
researchers to check information and
assure reports are factual and fair to
the fact.

36. INDEPENDENCE
•Freedom from control or influence of
interested parties, coupled with a
conscious effort to set aside any
preexisting beliefs and a system of
checks and balances.
•Its primary loyalty is to its readers and
to the truth.

37. •“The power of our work comes
from INDEPENDENT reporting- a
power that is diluted if we are seen
as losing detachment or
cheerleading for any type of
agenda.”
•Politics Editory Carrie Budof
Brown

38. ACCOUNTABILITY
•Journalists stand behind their
work with…
•11 that identify the reporter.

39. Identify what type of journalism is shown.
• 1. Joana created an article which promotes preservation
of the environment.
• 2. Brigada News FM is one of the radio stations in
Olongapo that brings the hottest news in town.
• 3. Atom Araullo in his documentary entitled “Philippine
Seas” showed the current status of our seas.
• 4. Bulgar as a publication is small in size and writes news
in a condensed form and usually sensationalizes stories.
• 5. Ricardo wrote a news about a celebrity. He
exaggerated and twisted the story.

40. Conclusion
• Journalism as one part of mass
communication and media studies.
Journalism is the practice of investigation
and reporting of events, issues and trends
to a broad audience in a timely fashion.
• Journalism also covers cultural aspects of
society such as arts and entertainment. The
field includes editing, photojournalism and
documentary.