History of Internet
Give a convincing definition of online journalism
Explain the forms of online journalism
Explain why traditional media outlets are moving online
Exploring new media outlets e.g citizen journalism, backpack journalism
Online journalism, strengths and weaknesses, citizen journalism, history of online journalism (including comprehensive history of online journalism in Nepal)
History of Internet
Give a convincing definition of online journalism
Explain the forms of online journalism
Explain why traditional media outlets are moving online
Exploring new media outlets e.g citizen journalism, backpack journalism
Online journalism, strengths and weaknesses, citizen journalism, history of online journalism (including comprehensive history of online journalism in Nepal)
The top information source providing details on MBA, Engineering, Medical, Architecture, Hotel Management, Law, Commerce, Science, Arts, Diploma courses and Vocational training courses, institute data, related articles, educational videos, education projects and online tests, forum and student discussion board
Online multimedia journalism is the process of combining text, images, sound, videos and graphics, to tell an interesting story with the use of the new technologies and internet.
Newspaper Make - Up
Describing about newspaper layout.
Information on Front Page of a newspaper
Defining the important page of a newspaper-The Editorial Page
The top information source providing details on MBA, Engineering, Medical, Architecture, Hotel Management, Law, Commerce, Science, Arts, Diploma courses and Vocational training courses, institute data, related articles, educational videos, education projects and online tests, forum and student discussion board
Online multimedia journalism is the process of combining text, images, sound, videos and graphics, to tell an interesting story with the use of the new technologies and internet.
Newspaper Make - Up
Describing about newspaper layout.
Information on Front Page of a newspaper
Defining the important page of a newspaper-The Editorial Page
Este post pretende contestar a esta pregunta sumergiéndonos en el concepto de Visual Storytelling y así saber de primera mano de las grandes ventajas del poder del Visual Storytelling para tu Marca Personal.
In this file, you can ref interview materials for ethics such as, ethics situational interview, ethics behavioral interview, ethics phone interview, ethics interview thank you letter, ethics interview tips …
Official WebSite:- https://www.topfreejobalert.com
Words ‘Journal’ , ‘Journalism’, Journalist’ have their origin in the French word ‘journal’ meaning a book and it has it’s origin in turn in the Roman word ‘ diurnalis’ meaning daily.
Week 1 Definition and Forms of JournalismHillary Okech
This lecture was designed to inform students about the core element of journalism. Focus was given to the fact that different parts of the world have a different understanding of what journalism is. A key element introduced was the impact of the internet to journalism.
Chormvirak photo
Chormvirak at Camma\s
Leadership and Management
Moulsem Chormvirak Photo
AEON Specialized Bank at Sunway Hotel
Trainning
Chormvirak Moulsem
ការប្រឈមនៃការចំណាកស្រុករបស់ពលករខ្មែរទៅប្រទេសថៃ - Immigration of Cambodian to ...Chormvirak Moulsem
ការប្រឈមនែការចំណាកស្រុករបស់ពលករខ្មែរទៅប្រទេសថៃ - Immigration of Cambodian to Thailand for working Research Paper - Royal University of Laws and Economics Master Degree
The 7 habits highly effective teens slide presentation for PUC studentChormvirak Moulsem
Stephen R. Covey's book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People®, has been a top-seller for the simple reason that it ignores trends and pop psychology for proven principles of fairness, integrity, honesty, and human dignity. Celebrating its fifteenth year of helping people solve personal and professional problems, this special anniversary edition includes a new foreword and afterword written by Covey exploring the question of whether the 7 Habits are still relevant and answering some of the most common questions he has received over the past 15 years.
The Company and its subsidiaries focus on operating its business taking into account the ethics and Good Corporate Governance,
including transparency and a commitment to promoting the interests of the economics, community and the environment through
its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies. As part of its CSR policies, the Company and its subsidiaries organize charitable
events encouraging its employees to participate in various activities, including environmental conservation, supporting sporting
events as well as supporting religious and cultural traditions to sustainably strengthen the society and community.
Walmart Save the Day - Management of-change-presentationChormvirak Moulsem
In most countries, supermarket chains create and manage well-oiled supply chains to offer consumers lower prices and dampen inflationary trends. Inflation in India is touching decade-highs. But then it’s a fallacy that in India it is always about low price’. Companies like Tata, Birla and Reliance have all attempted to enter food-and-grocery retailing in India with mixed success. Will Wal-Mart’s supply chain work in India
Kulen Mineral Water - NOW, EVERY CAMBODIAN CAN DRINK HEALTHY, NATURAL MINERAL...Chormvirak Moulsem
In the context of my studies, I had to do a three months internship in a foreign country. So I was looking for a good internship and a good country. I’m very interested by the wine business and the wine in general. So I wanted to do my internship in this sector to learn more about the marketing tools, strategies and habits of this market. Then, I was very attracted by the Asia, not by a special place but I really wanted to discover this continent.
By my network, I knew that a French businessman has created his own company in Cambodia. A marketing company which offer to communicate for big wine’s producers all around the world. I’ve heard that at this time, the company got one head office in Singapore, one operative unit in China and a representative office in Cambodia. So it sounds very interesting for me and in May 2013, I decided to apply to get an internship in the head office of Singapore.
Unfortunately, the company was not able to offer me an internship of three months in the head office because they don’t use to offer less than 6 months internship and also because they were already full in Singapore. But after one month, the CEO, M. Olivry emails me again to offer me an internship of three months in Cambodia mainly focused on the a mineral water local brand called “Kulara Water”. So, even if it was not what I expected first, after consideration, I accepted the offer. Mainly because all I’ve heard and ridden about Cambodia was very interesting and also because the mineral water is a very interesting product and market to develop in Cambodia.
To summarize, I prepared my first trip Alone, in Asia, during Three months. I think these are the main difficulties I’ve found in my internship. First, I had to change my way of think, understand a new culture and adapt myself to this country. This, I had to do it alone, with no parents here to take care, no friends etc… And of course, it’s not holidays in a five stars hotel during three weeks, no. Three months of living in the Khmer1 lifestyle.
20 liters per person per day from a source within 1 kilometer of the household is deemed sufficient for adequate drinking and personal hygiene.
Rural areas lag far behind cities in access to water with more than 653 million people using an unimproved water source or ground water.
In Siem Reap, it’s estimated that 4.6 million water bottles are generated by the tourism industry alone. That’s not including local consumption. That figure is based on the average visitor stay and daily consumption, and number of visitors per year.
Fisheries provides food security to the majority of the countries population in terms of protein and essential minerals and Vitamins as rice and fish constitute the stable diet of most Cambodians.
Comparative of Judaism’s Fasting and Islamic’s Fasting. Religion is the key that we well-known as the way to teach people live in an exceptional life. When people committed to different religious traditions come together to discuss common themes, they often find their own practices and understandings enriched and enlightened. Religion plays the importance role in human’s life in the loving-kindness way and global destiny as well as animal living. In the world’s history there are 3 main monotheistic religion which existed since the first world civilization born such as Judaism, Islamic and Christianity. These three main religion seem very similar to each other because they believe in only one god, they believe their religion’s bible which mean the Judaism believe in Torah while Islamic believe in Quran and Christianity believe in The new and the old testament yet the history of the bible has shown that they came from the same resource in Israel. In addition, Fasting is one of the most ritual in these religion notably Fasting between Judaism and Islamic.
Comparative religion - Comparative of Judaism’s Fasting and Islamic’s FastingChormvirak Moulsem
Religion is the key that we well-known as the way to teach people live in an exceptional life. When people committed to different religious traditions come together to discuss common themes, they often find their own practices and understandings enriched
and enlightened. Religion plays the importance role in human’s life in the loving-kindness way and global destiny as well as animal living. In the world’s history there are 3 main monotheistic religion which existed since the first world civilization born such as Judaism, Islamic and Christianity. These three main religion seem very similar to each other because they believe in only one god, they believe their religion’s bible which mean the Judaism believe in Torah while Islamic believe in Quran and Christianity believe in The new and the old testament yet the history of the bible has shown that they came from the same resource in Israel. In addition, Fasting is one of the most ritual in these religion notably Fasting between Judaism and Islamic.
Tum teav-story-part-3-to-part - Comparative Tum Teav PresentationChormvirak Moulsem
Romeo and Juliet is a classic literature which written by William Shakespare in the Renaissance period. The story was about the love argument of a couple because of their family feud. In the story we see two character which came from the royal family and have high rank in the city like The Prince and Mercutio. Even thought, they were the kin men but Mercutio and The Prince are completely different of their appearance or attitude, character trait as well as their action in the story.
In the plot of the story, we can see that Mercutio was a young boy who is temperamental and brave. He sometimes funny and like to play a lot with his friends like Romeo. Mercutio also a helpful man who can assist as advise and never betrayed his friends. In contrast, The Prince Escalus was a mature old man who represent of the law in the story. Not like Mercutio The Prince can control his anger and can solve the problem peacefully. His work in the story was very rigorous and justice.
Interesting topics for research proposal on motivation without wasting time o...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
15 interesting dissertation topics on employee motivationChormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Staff motivation - Employee motivation - A study on employees work motivation...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Bachelor thesis employee motivation and performance - Staff motivation and pe...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Employee motivation and performance - Staff motivation Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Culture - Cham People in Cambodia , Cham Culture Presentation.Chormvirak Moulsem
The Cham people in Cambodia form the largest minority in the country with about 300.000 people.
They are mostly concentrated along the Mekong and Tonle Sap River in Cambodia.
The Cham people were originally a people of an ancient kingdom from the Kingdom of Champa.
Cham people who follow Islam we call Muslims, and Khmer people who follows Islam we call Khmer-Islam.
CHAM:
Syncretic Islamic
Communities
in Vietnam
and Cambodia
January 20 – March 28, 2010
East-West Center Gallery, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
The Cham of Vietnam and Cambodia
are one of the most fascinating
communities in Southeast Asia today.
The Cham, descendents of the
Kingdom of Champa that once ruled
much of southern Vietnam developed
a vibrant civilization. Their achievements
were manifest in the building
of unique Cham temples (bimong)
that can still be found scattered
throughout the southern Vietnam.
Originally a Hindu empire, themajority
of Cham people converted to various
forms of Islam over
the centuries. Both
Hinduism and Islam
greatly influenced
Cham political,
religious, and
cultural life.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. JOURNALISM
1. What is journalism?
2. What is the role of journalism?
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
4. What is the journalistic medium?
5. True/False: Journalism is always confined to the news media and/or
to news itself. [False]
6. True/False: In some nations, the news media are still controlled by
government intervention, and are not fully an independent body.
[True]
7. Journalism system of checks and balance includes:
8. What are the benefits of access to verifiable information and
journalistic adherence to journalistic standards?
9. How are the roles and statuses of journalism changed over the
recent decades?
10. Changes in the American media landscape include:
4. JOURNALISM QUESTIONS
11. What are the different forms of journalism?
12. Some forms of journalism include:
13. Journalism as a process rather than a news product
14. What and when was the world’s first newspaper
published?
15. Modern journalism was taking form in . . . :
16. Who was Walter Lippmann?
17. Who was John Dewey?
18. Journalistic domains are:
19. What is a journalist?
20. What are the borderline legitimacy of being
considered journalist?
5. JOURNALISM QUESTIONS
1. What is journalism?
•Collection, preparation, and distribution of news
and related commentary and feature materials
through media such as pamphlets, newsletters,
newspapers, magazines, radio, film, television, and
books
•The term was originally applied to the reportage of
current events in printed form, specifically
newspapers, but in the late 20th century it came
to include electronic media as well.
6. Journalism
•It is sometimes used to refer to writing
characterized by a direct presentation of facts
or description of events without an attempt at
interpretation.
•The collection and editing of news for
presentation through the media
•The public press
•An academic study concerned with the
collection and editing of news or the
management of a news medium
7. Journalism
• Journalism is a method of inquiry and literary style used in social and
cultural representation.
2. What is the role of journalism?
• Journalism serves the purpose of playing the role of a public service
machinery in the dissemination and analysis of news and information.
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
• Journalistic integrity is based on the principles of truth, accuracy, and
factual knowledge.
4. What is the journalistic medium?
• Journalistic medium can vary diversely, from print publishing to
electronic broadcasting, and from newspapers to television channels,
as well as to the web, and to digital technology.
8. Journalism
5. True/False: Journalism is always confined to the
news media and/or to news itself. [False]
• Journalism, however, is not always confined to the
news media or to news itself, as journalistic
communication may find its way into broader forms
of expression, including literature and cinema.
9. Journalism
6. True/False: In some nations, the news media is still
controlled by government intervention, and is not
fully an independent body. [True]
• In some nations, the news media is still controlled by
government intervention, and is not fully an
independent body.
10. Journalism
7. Journalism system of checks and balance includes:
• In a democratic society, access to free information plays
a central role in creating a system of checks and
balance, and in distributing power equally between
governments, businesses, individuals, and other social
entities.
8. What are the benefits of access to verifiable
information and journalistic adherence to journalistic
standards?
• Access to verifiable information gathered by
independent media sources, which adhere to journalistic
standards, can also be of service to ordinary citizens, by
empowering them with the tools they need in order to
participate in the political process.
11. Journalism
9. How are the roles and statuses of journalism changed
over the recent decades?
• The role and status of journalism, along with that of the
mass media, has undergone profound changes over the
last two decades with the advent of digital technology
and publication of news on the Internet.
• This has created a shift in the consumption of print
media channels, as people increasingly consume news
through e-readers, smartphones, and other electronic
devices, challenging news organizations to fully
monetize (establish as legal tender or coin into money)
their digital wing, as well as improvise on the context in
which they publish news in print.
12. Journalism
10.Changes in the American media landscape
includes:
• Notably, in the American media landscape,
newsrooms have reduced their staff and
coverage as traditional media channels, such
as television, grapple with declining
audiences.
• For instance, between 2007 and 2012, CNN
edited its story packages into nearly half of
their original time length.
13. Journalism
11.What are the different forms of journalism?
• There are several different forms of journalism,
all with diverse audiences.
• In modern society, “prestige” journalism is said to
serve the role of a “fourth estate,” [(1)
governance, (2) ethics, (3) social responsibility,
and (4) watchdog] & [Journalistic “domains” are
(1) academic, (2) legal, (3) industry, & (4) “social
role” of journalists (being a watchdog)] acting as
a watchdog on the workings of the government.
• Other forms of journalism feature in different
formats and cater to different audiences.
14. Journalism
12.Some forms of journalism include:
1. Advocacy journalism: Writing to advocate
particular viewpoints or influence the opinions
of the audience.
2. Broadcast journalism: Written or spoken
journalism for radio or television.
3. Drone journalism: Use of drones to capture
journalistic footage.
4. Gonzo journalism: First championed by Hunter S.
Thompson, gonzo journalism is a “highly
personal style of reporting.”
15. Journalism
5. Investigative journalism: The use of
investigation on a subject matter while
uncovering news events.
6. Photojournalism: The telling of a story
through its images.
7. Tabloid journalism: Writing that is light-
hearted and entertaining.
8. Yellow journalism (or sensationalism): Writing
which emphasizes exaggerated claims or
rumors.
16. Journalism
13.Journalism as a process rather than a news
product
• The recent rise of social media has resulted in
arguments to reconsider journalism as a
process rather than attributing it to particular
news products.
• From this perspective, journalism is
participatory, a process distributed among
multiple authors and involving journalists as
well as the socially mediating public.
17. History of Journalism
14.What and when was the world’s first
newspaper published?
• The Johann Carolus’s Relation aller Fürnemmen
und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in
1605 in Strassburg, is often recognized as the
first newspaper.
• The first successful English daily, the Daily
Courant, was published from 1702 to 1735.
• The reform of the Diário Carioca newspaper in
the 1950s is usually referred to as the birth of
modern journalism in Brazil.
18. HISTORY OF JOURNALISM
15.Modern journalism was taking form in . . . :
• In the 1920s, as modern journalism was just
taking form, writer Walter Lippmann and
American philosopher John Dewey debated
over the role of journalism in a democracy.
• Their differing philosophies still characterize a
debate about the role of journalism in society
and the nation-state.
21. Walter Lippmann
• Walter Lippmann is American newspaper commentator, writer and
author who in a 60-year career made himself one of the most widely
respected political columnists in the world. He debated over the role
of journalism in a democracy.
23. John Dewey
• Dewey, on the other hand, believed the public was not only capable of
understanding the issues created or responded to by the elite, it was in
the public forum that decisions should be made after discussion and
debate.
• When issues were thoroughly vetted (examined or checked), then the
best ideas would bubble to the surface.
• Dewey believed journalists should do more than simply pass on
information.
• He believed they should weigh the consequences of the policies being
enacted.
• Over time, his idea has been implemented in various degrees, and is
more commonly known as “community journalism.”
24. Journalism
•18. Journalistic domains are:
•Journalistic “domains” are academic,
legal, industry, & “social role” of
journalists (being a watchdog).
25. Journalist
19. What is a journalist?
• “A journalist is someone employed to
regularly engage in gathering,
processing, and disseminating
(activities) news and information
(output) to serve the public interest
(social role).”
26. Journalist
•They also argue against their
definition, which they stress is one
that “unifies the conceptions of the
three domains and the dimensions
and indicators that others have used
to define a journalist.”
27. Journalist
20. What are the borderline legitimacy of being
considered journalist?
•By referring to employment, however, the definition
delivers a fatal blow to the people engaging in many
new forms of journalism.
•The definition would not include unpaid bloggers and
citizen journalists who gather, process, and
disseminate news and information on matters of
public concern — because they do not derive their
primary source of livelihood from their journalistic
activities.
28. JOURNALIST
•To the extent the definition is used to
decide who may claim the legal
privileges of journalists, it puts a large
number of actors in the journalism
ecosystem in the position of fulfilling
community needs for news, however
well the actors do so, without the
assurances that keep traditional
journalists safe when their work
provokes a backlash.
•That is unwise.
29. EXAM QUESTIONS: JOURNALISM
1. What is journalism?
2. What is the role of journalism?
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
4. What is the journalistic medium?
5. Journalism system of checks and balance includes:
6. What are the benefits of access to verifiable information and
journalistic adherence to journalistic standards?
7. How are the roles and statuses of journalism changed over the
recent decades?
8. What and when was the world’s first newspaper
published?
30. 6 EXAM QUESTIONS: ANSWERS
1. What is journalism?
• Collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through media such as
pamphlets, newsletters, newspapers, magazines, radio, film, television, books, and in the late 20th century it came to include
electronic media as well.
2. What is the role of journalism?
Journalism serves the purpose of playing the role of a public service machinery in the dissemination and analysis of news and
information.
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
• Journalistic integrity is based on the principles of truth, accuracy, and factual knowledge.
4. What is the journalistic medium?
• Journalistic medium can vary diversely, from print publishing to electronic broadcasting, and from newspapers to television
channels, as well as to the web, and to digital technology.
5. What are the different forms of journalism?
Advocacy journalism: Writing to advocate particular viewpoints or influence the opinions of the audience.
Broadcast journalism: Written or spoken journalism for radio or television.
Drone journalism: Use of drones to capture journalistic footage.
Gonzo journalism: First championed by Hunter S. Thompson, gonzo journalism is a “highly personal style of reporting.”
Investigative journalism: The use of investigation on a subject matter while uncovering news events.
Photojournalism: The telling of a story through its images.
Tabloid journalism: Writing that is light-hearted and entertaining.
Yellow journalism (or sensationalism): Writing which emphasizes exaggerated claims or rumors.
6. What and when was the world’s first newspaper
published?
The Johann Carolus’s Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in 1605 in Strassburg, is often
recognized as the first newspaper.