Journalism involves the collection, preparation, and distribution of news through various media. It serves the purpose of disseminating and analyzing information as a public service. Journalistic integrity is based on principles of truth and accuracy. The forms of journalism have diversified and include investigative, broadcast, photo, and advocacy journalism. Modern journalism is increasingly participatory through social media. Historically, Walter Lippmann and John Dewey debated the role of journalism in democracy in the 1920s. Their perspectives still influence discussions around journalism's social responsibilities. A journalist is defined as someone who regularly gathers, processes, and shares news to serve the public, though this definition excludes some unpaid citizen journalists.

1. Journalistic Principles and Ethics
EXAMINATION
20 QUESTIONS
Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia
Sīla Samādhi Paññā
Commitment to Excellence

2. CONTENTS
1 Journalism
2 Ethics
3 Principle
4 Journalism Ethics

3. JOURNALISM
1. What is journalism?
2. What is the role of journalism?
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
4. What is the journalistic medium?
5. True/False: Journalism is always confined to the news media and/or
to news itself. [False]
6. True/False: In some nations, the news media are still controlled by
government intervention, and are not fully an independent body.
[True]
7. Journalism system of checks and balance includes:
8. What are the benefits of access to verifiable information and
journalistic adherence to journalistic standards?
9. How are the roles and statuses of journalism changed over the
recent decades?
10. Changes in the American media landscape include:

4. JOURNALISM QUESTIONS
11. What are the different forms of journalism?
12. Some forms of journalism include:
13. Journalism as a process rather than a news product
14. What and when was the world’s first newspaper
published?
15. Modern journalism was taking form in . . . :
16. Who was Walter Lippmann?
17. Who was John Dewey?
18. Journalistic domains are:
19. What is a journalist?
20. What are the borderline legitimacy of being
considered journalist?

5. JOURNALISM QUESTIONS
1. What is journalism?
•Collection, preparation, and distribution of news
and related commentary and feature materials
through media such as pamphlets, newsletters,
newspapers, magazines, radio, film, television, and
books
•The term was originally applied to the reportage of
current events in printed form, specifically
newspapers, but in the late 20th century it came
to include electronic media as well.

6. Journalism
•It is sometimes used to refer to writing
characterized by a direct presentation of facts
or description of events without an attempt at
interpretation.
•The collection and editing of news for
presentation through the media
•The public press
•An academic study concerned with the
collection and editing of news or the
management of a news medium

7. Journalism
• Journalism is a method of inquiry and literary style used in social and
cultural representation.
2. What is the role of journalism?
• Journalism serves the purpose of playing the role of a public service
machinery in the dissemination and analysis of news and information.
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
• Journalistic integrity is based on the principles of truth, accuracy, and
factual knowledge.
4. What is the journalistic medium?
• Journalistic medium can vary diversely, from print publishing to
electronic broadcasting, and from newspapers to television channels,
as well as to the web, and to digital technology.

8. Journalism
5. True/False: Journalism is always confined to the
news media and/or to news itself. [False]
• Journalism, however, is not always confined to the
news media or to news itself, as journalistic
communication may find its way into broader forms
of expression, including literature and cinema.

9. Journalism
6. True/False: In some nations, the news media is still
controlled by government intervention, and is not
fully an independent body. [True]
• In some nations, the news media is still controlled by
government intervention, and is not fully an
independent body.

10. Journalism
7. Journalism system of checks and balance includes:
• In a democratic society, access to free information plays
a central role in creating a system of checks and
balance, and in distributing power equally between
governments, businesses, individuals, and other social
entities.
8. What are the benefits of access to verifiable
information and journalistic adherence to journalistic
standards?
• Access to verifiable information gathered by
independent media sources, which adhere to journalistic
standards, can also be of service to ordinary citizens, by
empowering them with the tools they need in order to
participate in the political process.

11. Journalism
9. How are the roles and statuses of journalism changed
over the recent decades?
• The role and status of journalism, along with that of the
mass media, has undergone profound changes over the
last two decades with the advent of digital technology
and publication of news on the Internet.
• This has created a shift in the consumption of print
media channels, as people increasingly consume news
through e-readers, smartphones, and other electronic
devices, challenging news organizations to fully
monetize (establish as legal tender or coin into money)
their digital wing, as well as improvise on the context in
which they publish news in print.

12. Journalism
10.Changes in the American media landscape
includes:
• Notably, in the American media landscape,
newsrooms have reduced their staff and
coverage as traditional media channels, such
as television, grapple with declining
audiences.
• For instance, between 2007 and 2012, CNN
edited its story packages into nearly half of
their original time length.

13. Journalism
11.What are the different forms of journalism?
• There are several different forms of journalism,
all with diverse audiences.
• In modern society, “prestige” journalism is said to
serve the role of a “fourth estate,” [(1)
governance, (2) ethics, (3) social responsibility,
and (4) watchdog] & [Journalistic “domains” are
(1) academic, (2) legal, (3) industry, & (4) “social
role” of journalists (being a watchdog)] acting as
a watchdog on the workings of the government.
• Other forms of journalism feature in different
formats and cater to different audiences.

14. Journalism
12.Some forms of journalism include:
1. Advocacy journalism: Writing to advocate
particular viewpoints or influence the opinions
of the audience.
2. Broadcast journalism: Written or spoken
journalism for radio or television.
3. Drone journalism: Use of drones to capture
journalistic footage.
4. Gonzo journalism: First championed by Hunter S.
Thompson, gonzo journalism is a “highly
personal style of reporting.”

15. Journalism
5. Investigative journalism: The use of
investigation on a subject matter while
uncovering news events.
6. Photojournalism: The telling of a story
through its images.
7. Tabloid journalism: Writing that is light-
hearted and entertaining.
8. Yellow journalism (or sensationalism): Writing
which emphasizes exaggerated claims or
rumors.

16. Journalism
13.Journalism as a process rather than a news
product
• The recent rise of social media has resulted in
arguments to reconsider journalism as a
process rather than attributing it to particular
news products.
• From this perspective, journalism is
participatory, a process distributed among
multiple authors and involving journalists as
well as the socially mediating public.

17. History of Journalism
14.What and when was the world’s first
newspaper published?
• The Johann Carolus’s Relation aller Fürnemmen
und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in
1605 in Strassburg, is often recognized as the
first newspaper.
• The first successful English daily, the Daily
Courant, was published from 1702 to 1735.
• The reform of the Diário Carioca newspaper in
the 1950s is usually referred to as the birth of
modern journalism in Brazil.

18. HISTORY OF JOURNALISM
15.Modern journalism was taking form in . . . :
• In the 1920s, as modern journalism was just
taking form, writer Walter Lippmann and
American philosopher John Dewey debated
over the role of journalism in a democracy.
• Their differing philosophies still characterize a
debate about the role of journalism in society
and the nation-state.

19. History of Journalism
16.Who was Walter Lippmann?
17.Who was John Dewey?

20. Walter Lippmann

21. Walter Lippmann
• Walter Lippmann is American newspaper commentator, writer and
author who in a 60-year career made himself one of the most widely
respected political columnists in the world. He debated over the role
of journalism in a democracy.

22. John Dewey

23. John Dewey
• Dewey, on the other hand, believed the public was not only capable of
understanding the issues created or responded to by the elite, it was in
the public forum that decisions should be made after discussion and
debate.
• When issues were thoroughly vetted (examined or checked), then the
best ideas would bubble to the surface.
• Dewey believed journalists should do more than simply pass on
information.
• He believed they should weigh the consequences of the policies being
enacted.
• Over time, his idea has been implemented in various degrees, and is
more commonly known as “community journalism.”

24. Journalism
•18. Journalistic domains are:
•Journalistic “domains” are academic,
legal, industry, & “social role” of
journalists (being a watchdog).

25. Journalist
19. What is a journalist?
• “A journalist is someone employed to
regularly engage in gathering,
processing, and disseminating
(activities) news and information
(output) to serve the public interest
(social role).”

26. Journalist
•They also argue against their
definition, which they stress is one
that “unifies the conceptions of the
three domains and the dimensions
and indicators that others have used
to define a journalist.”

27. Journalist
20. What are the borderline legitimacy of being
considered journalist?
•By referring to employment, however, the definition
delivers a fatal blow to the people engaging in many
new forms of journalism.
•The definition would not include unpaid bloggers and
citizen journalists who gather, process, and
disseminate news and information on matters of
public concern — because they do not derive their
primary source of livelihood from their journalistic
activities.

28. JOURNALIST
•To the extent the definition is used to
decide who may claim the legal
privileges of journalists, it puts a large
number of actors in the journalism
ecosystem in the position of fulfilling
community needs for news, however
well the actors do so, without the
assurances that keep traditional
journalists safe when their work
provokes a backlash.
•That is unwise.

29. EXAM QUESTIONS: JOURNALISM
1. What is journalism?
2. What is the role of journalism?
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
4. What is the journalistic medium?
5. Journalism system of checks and balance includes:
6. What are the benefits of access to verifiable information and
journalistic adherence to journalistic standards?
7. How are the roles and statuses of journalism changed over the
recent decades?
8. What and when was the world’s first newspaper
published?

30. 6 EXAM QUESTIONS: ANSWERS
1. What is journalism?
• Collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through media such as
pamphlets, newsletters, newspapers, magazines, radio, film, television, books, and in the late 20th century it came to include
electronic media as well.
2. What is the role of journalism?
Journalism serves the purpose of playing the role of a public service machinery in the dissemination and analysis of news and
information.
3. What are the bases of journalistic integrity?
• Journalistic integrity is based on the principles of truth, accuracy, and factual knowledge.
4. What is the journalistic medium?
• Journalistic medium can vary diversely, from print publishing to electronic broadcasting, and from newspapers to television
channels, as well as to the web, and to digital technology.
5. What are the different forms of journalism?
Advocacy journalism: Writing to advocate particular viewpoints or influence the opinions of the audience.
Broadcast journalism: Written or spoken journalism for radio or television.
Drone journalism: Use of drones to capture journalistic footage.
Gonzo journalism: First championed by Hunter S. Thompson, gonzo journalism is a “highly personal style of reporting.”
Investigative journalism: The use of investigation on a subject matter while uncovering news events.
Photojournalism: The telling of a story through its images.
Tabloid journalism: Writing that is light-hearted and entertaining.
Yellow journalism (or sensationalism): Writing which emphasizes exaggerated claims or rumors.
6. What and when was the world’s first newspaper
published?
The Johann Carolus’s Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in 1605 in Strassburg, is often
recognized as the first newspaper.

31. Document File Location
File: JOURNALISM/questions_exam_journalism_(L1).ppt
Date: February 6, 2014