Accounting software installation in Iraq's Kurdistan area will be examined in this study's primary objective. Quantitative methods were used by the researchers to determine the readiness factors for installing accounting software, including (technology readiness, human resource readiness, customer readiness, content readiness, educational readiness, leadership readiness, and cultural readiness). Erbil currently has seven small and medium-sized businesses (SME). SME's 120 administrative staff members were given the survey at random. A total of 104 people from various small and medium-sized businesses in Iraq's Kurdistan area participated in this study. Technology readiness was found to be most important, while human resource readiness came in last in Erbil SME's preparation for implementation of accounting software. There is a problem with this study because the survey questions may not be representative of the entire community of instructors and administrators at SME.
Cost readiness: Analysis of pre-implementation mobile bankingAI Publications
An examination and analysis of the cost readiness element in relation to mobile banking deployment in Kurdistan is the major objective of this research. The research is presented here as an abstract. The study will investigate the aspects of cost preparedness and cost efficiency that have an impact on the effective adoption of a mobile banking system, and it will provide prospective and long-term solutions that would go a long way toward overcoming cost barriers in the future. In order to ascertain whether or not pre-implementation mobile banking will be financially viable, the researchers turned to a quantitative study approach. There were a total of 516 individuals from different private banks in Kurdistan that took part in this survey. The findings indicated that cost readiness possesses a significant predictive value for mobile banking and will have a direct and positive link with it in the future. One of the drawbacks of the study is that the survey questions may not necessarily generalize to the larger community of teachers and administrative workers at private banks. This is one of the limitations of the survey questions.
DIGITALIZATION AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN TAKING THE OMAN ACADEMIC ACCREDI...IAEME Publication
Higher Education Institutions across the world will have to take a digital route in imparting knowledge and skills to the students’ community. The world got stunned when it was hit by COVID- 19. Business Sectors were exploring alternative methodologies for continuing their business activities. Business Units had started investing huge amount of money on digitalizing and digital transformation of their processes, so that could keep moving ahead in the market achieving their goals and objectives. Likewise, educational institutions were also thinking extensively about the learning support to be extended for the students’ community to learn and to progress. Educational institutions also had to take up the same route of using internet technologies extensively to reach out students’ community. So, digitalization and digital transformation have become the essence now. Educational institutions have taken Internet Technologies as one of the key routes for imparting education and providing allied services to students. This trend would continue to be dominating and replacing the conventional teaching practices soon. Education Institutions need to re-orient their operations like teaching and learning, staff and student services, marketing, governance, industry-community engagement, digitally. For educational institutions, data concerning students, pass outs, graduating, placements etc are of vital importance for evaluating their strategic plans and preparing action plans accordingly. The government of Sultanate of Oman has allocated approximately 1.58 billion Omani Riyals in 2018 for providing quality education that is on par with international standards. (Press Reader, 2019), which shows its commitment towards enhancing the quality of higher education. The Higher Educational Institutions in Sultanate of Oman have been implementing internet-based technologies in teaching and learning during COVID – 19 period. They have been in favour of digitalizing teaching and learning and academic support services. Educational Institutions in Oman must be accredited by Oman Accreditation Authority, an apex accreditation authority. The apex authority is prescribing certain standards to be complied with by the educational institutions to have been certified as an accredited and excellent academic service providers in the country. So, there exists a good scope for the use of digital technologies in educational institutions in rendering various educational services like serving alumni, gathering data about students’ issues, identifying industry requirements in making plans about new offerings etc. Use of digital technologies would help higher educational institutions achieving its objectives and goals without many hardships.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereFinancialMarketCorpo
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many
changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has
contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts,
the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey
design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology
and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge
conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses
have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of
less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run
accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their
tasks.
Challenges and opportunities of ict in management educationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article about the challenges and opportunities of integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into management education in India. It finds that while ICT integration has increased in Indian management education through tools like e-learning, online classrooms, and multimedia resources, there are still challenges to address. Infrastructure limitations and a lack of teacher ICT skills are barriers to further adoption. The document argues that overcoming these challenges can help improve education access and quality through technological support, better preparing students for their careers.
This document examines factors that influence small and medium enterprises' adoption of artificial intelligence technology. It specifically looks at how accounting automation mediates the relationship between technological factors and AI adoption. The study uses a Technology-Organization-Environment framework to assess how compatibility, readiness for challenges, saving time, and efficiency-improving impact AI adoption, with accounting automation as the mediating variable. The results found that accounting automation partially mediates the relationships between the predictive technological variables and AI adoption. This contributes to understanding of how accounting automation fits into the TOE framework.
ENHANCING CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION:...ijejournal
Recent literature has advocated for the use of project based learning to engage students in active learning. This study examines how students’ learning is enhanced through an overseas project-based learning (PBL) programme at a Singapore University (UNIS), called the UNIS-XO pedagogy. Specifically, this study provides a framework through which students, faculty members, and industry partner can collaborate through consulting programs with the aim to provide feasible recommendations to the clients. Our findings suggest that an experiential PBL with an overseas client is an important learning experience through which students can strengthen their digital literacy as well as cross-cultural competency to make them more futureready for their work.
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has
contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses
have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of
less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their
tasks.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereBIJFMCF Journal
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their tasks.
Cost readiness: Analysis of pre-implementation mobile bankingAI Publications
An examination and analysis of the cost readiness element in relation to mobile banking deployment in Kurdistan is the major objective of this research. The research is presented here as an abstract. The study will investigate the aspects of cost preparedness and cost efficiency that have an impact on the effective adoption of a mobile banking system, and it will provide prospective and long-term solutions that would go a long way toward overcoming cost barriers in the future. In order to ascertain whether or not pre-implementation mobile banking will be financially viable, the researchers turned to a quantitative study approach. There were a total of 516 individuals from different private banks in Kurdistan that took part in this survey. The findings indicated that cost readiness possesses a significant predictive value for mobile banking and will have a direct and positive link with it in the future. One of the drawbacks of the study is that the survey questions may not necessarily generalize to the larger community of teachers and administrative workers at private banks. This is one of the limitations of the survey questions.
DIGITALIZATION AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN TAKING THE OMAN ACADEMIC ACCREDI...IAEME Publication
Higher Education Institutions across the world will have to take a digital route in imparting knowledge and skills to the students’ community. The world got stunned when it was hit by COVID- 19. Business Sectors were exploring alternative methodologies for continuing their business activities. Business Units had started investing huge amount of money on digitalizing and digital transformation of their processes, so that could keep moving ahead in the market achieving their goals and objectives. Likewise, educational institutions were also thinking extensively about the learning support to be extended for the students’ community to learn and to progress. Educational institutions also had to take up the same route of using internet technologies extensively to reach out students’ community. So, digitalization and digital transformation have become the essence now. Educational institutions have taken Internet Technologies as one of the key routes for imparting education and providing allied services to students. This trend would continue to be dominating and replacing the conventional teaching practices soon. Education Institutions need to re-orient their operations like teaching and learning, staff and student services, marketing, governance, industry-community engagement, digitally. For educational institutions, data concerning students, pass outs, graduating, placements etc are of vital importance for evaluating their strategic plans and preparing action plans accordingly. The government of Sultanate of Oman has allocated approximately 1.58 billion Omani Riyals in 2018 for providing quality education that is on par with international standards. (Press Reader, 2019), which shows its commitment towards enhancing the quality of higher education. The Higher Educational Institutions in Sultanate of Oman have been implementing internet-based technologies in teaching and learning during COVID – 19 period. They have been in favour of digitalizing teaching and learning and academic support services. Educational Institutions in Oman must be accredited by Oman Accreditation Authority, an apex accreditation authority. The apex authority is prescribing certain standards to be complied with by the educational institutions to have been certified as an accredited and excellent academic service providers in the country. So, there exists a good scope for the use of digital technologies in educational institutions in rendering various educational services like serving alumni, gathering data about students’ issues, identifying industry requirements in making plans about new offerings etc. Use of digital technologies would help higher educational institutions achieving its objectives and goals without many hardships.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereFinancialMarketCorpo
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many
changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has
contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts,
the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey
design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology
and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge
conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses
have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of
less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run
accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their
tasks.
Challenges and opportunities of ict in management educationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article about the challenges and opportunities of integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into management education in India. It finds that while ICT integration has increased in Indian management education through tools like e-learning, online classrooms, and multimedia resources, there are still challenges to address. Infrastructure limitations and a lack of teacher ICT skills are barriers to further adoption. The document argues that overcoming these challenges can help improve education access and quality through technological support, better preparing students for their careers.
This document examines factors that influence small and medium enterprises' adoption of artificial intelligence technology. It specifically looks at how accounting automation mediates the relationship between technological factors and AI adoption. The study uses a Technology-Organization-Environment framework to assess how compatibility, readiness for challenges, saving time, and efficiency-improving impact AI adoption, with accounting automation as the mediating variable. The results found that accounting automation partially mediates the relationships between the predictive technological variables and AI adoption. This contributes to understanding of how accounting automation fits into the TOE framework.
ENHANCING CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION:...ijejournal
Recent literature has advocated for the use of project based learning to engage students in active learning. This study examines how students’ learning is enhanced through an overseas project-based learning (PBL) programme at a Singapore University (UNIS), called the UNIS-XO pedagogy. Specifically, this study provides a framework through which students, faculty members, and industry partner can collaborate through consulting programs with the aim to provide feasible recommendations to the clients. Our findings suggest that an experiential PBL with an overseas client is an important learning experience through which students can strengthen their digital literacy as well as cross-cultural competency to make them more futureready for their work.
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has
contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses
have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of
less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their
tasks.
To Assess the Main Drawbacks of Advanced Technology for the Accounting SphereBIJFMCF Journal
Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts, the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their tasks.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS' SUFFICIENCY OF EGYPTIAN ACCO...ijait
This study aims at evaluating the sufficiency of ICT skills of fresh accounting graduates by soliciting the
opinion of senior accounting professionals. A questionnaire used as the data collection method, and
descriptive statistics used for analysis. The result of this research was surprisingly, as the level of the
accounting graduates rated to be above average and they are very competent for current accounting
profession in Egypt. The research revealed that any fresh graduate should be literate with Internet, word
processing software, spreadsheet software, e-mail, commercial accounting software, and database
management software. The research has several practical implications as well as a genuine value, as it
provides current set of ICT skills tools needed by accounting profession in Egypt. Also, it calls accounting
higher education institutions worldwide to keep investigating the requirements of the profession in order to
produce graduates who are competent and up to market challenges.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS ' SUFFICIENCY OF EGYPTIAN ...ijait
his study aims at evaluating the sufficiency of IC
T skills of fresh accounting graduates by soliciting the opinion of senior accounting professionals. A questionnaire used as the data collection method, and descriptive statistics used for analysis. The resul
t of this research was surprisingly, as the level of the accounting graduates rated to be above average and they are very competent for current accounting
profession in Egypt. The research revealed that any
fresh graduate should be literate with Internet,word
processing software, spreadsheet software, e-mail,
commercial accounting software, and database
management software. The research has several pract
ical implications as well as a genuine value, as it
provides current set of ICT skills tools needed by
accounting profession in Egypt.
Ict applications in school management and record keepingRex Mwamba
This document discusses the prospects and challenges of using information and communication technologies (ICT) for school management and record keeping. It begins by outlining several working objectives, including explaining various viewpoints on school management and the use of technologies like the internet, email, and mobile devices. It then discusses theories of management and emerging areas of focus, like personnel management and financial management. Several modes of technology in service encounters are presented, along with a comparison of virtual versus physical services. The document also covers best practices for record keeping, storage, and retention. Overall, the document analyzes how ICT can make school management more efficient but also notes challenges to adopting new technologies.
The Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Business Manage...Dr. Nazrul Islam
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity all over the world. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also influenced by it. Now, businesses are managing their resources by using ICT support that is helping them to perform their tasks faster and accurate than before. But the developing countries like Bangladesh are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of businesses. But due to a very strong culture at work place, this effort is hindered substantially. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying the present status of the use of ICT in business management and its challenges it faces. Secondary data have been primarily used for conducting this study which was collected from the different business reports and the journal papers. An experience survey was also conducted among the senior administrators of the business houses were also included in the study. Results show that the use of ICT is very low in the small and medium business enterprises while the large businesses houses are using ICT supports. Results also show that the use of ICT primarily depends on the complexity and the nature of the business. The entrepreneurs who have ICT literacy, they are mostly using ICT supports in the management of their businesses. This study suggests that the business houses in Bangladesh should use ICT support in order to increase the efficiency at their work. But this is often depends on the ICT infrastructure of the country as a whole.
In this study, the researcher evaluated the challenges of e-governance implementation in
Nigerian aviation industry, using Dana Airline. The objectives of the study are; to examine the
factors that hinder the effective implementation of e-governance in the selected airline in
aviation industry in Nigeria; and to examine if the factors identified in the implementation of egovernance
have significantly affected the performance of selected airlines in aviation industry
in Nigeria. Recorded population of the study is 850, and the study used Yaro Yamane formula
at 95% confidence level to obtain a sample size of 272. Cronbach alpha was employed to obtain
a reliability instrument that yielded an index coefficient of 0.843, which made the instrument
reliable. In line with the design of this study, the data that were collected for this study were
analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The objectives posed for the study were
answered using mean, standard deviation, and sample independent t-test statistics. The
hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. Based on the findings of the study, it was
concluded that ICT infrastructure is the most factor that hinders the implementation of egovernance
in Nigerian aviation industry. This means that without proper ICT infrastructure, it is
impossible to implement the e-governance in aviation industry in a developing country like
Nigeria. In the absence of proper awareness among the users of the e-governance system, it is
impossible to set up an effective e-governance system. Non-acceptability of IT systems, Low
financial capability, Lack of electricity, High-cost, low-reliability of Internet access, Lack of
training facilities and Lack of planning are all factors that hinder the effective implementation of
e-governance in aviation industry in Nigeria. The study also concluded that the
factors/challenges identified in the implementation of e-governance have significantly affected
the performance of selected airlines in aviation industry in Nigeria. The study therefore
recommends among others based on the findings of the study that it is paramount to have a
proper ICT infrastructure to implement e-governance; government should take appropriate steps
to enhance the awareness among the users of e-governance by organizing seminar meeting and
other enlighten the users in the proper application of e-governance.
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a paper on the importance of information technology to financial reporting in Nigeria. The introduction discusses how information technology is changing the business world rapidly and its critical role in accounting. The literature review defines key terms like information technology, management information systems, and how information technology has evolved and impacted financial reporting. It also outlines the contents of the full paper.
The document discusses the relevance of information technology in the effective management of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos, Nigeria. It finds that the use of information technology by SME managements can help improve productivity, market shares, and management effectiveness. However, SMEs in Nigeria have yet to fully harness the benefits of information technology for functions like efficient management, customer service, and business operations. The study recommends education and training to increase awareness and literacy of information technology among SME managers and employees.
DETERMINING THE CORE PART OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM APPLYING ASSOCIA...cscpconf
The software technology is advancing rapidly over the years. In order to adapt to this advancement, the employees on software development should renew themselves consistently. During this rapid change, it is vital to train the proper software developer with respect to the criteria desired by the industry. Therefore, the curriculum of the programs related to software development at the universities should be revised according to software industry requirements. In this study, the core part of Software Development Curriculum is determined by applying association rule mining on Software Job ads in Turkey. The courses in the core part are chosen with respect to IEEE/ACM computer science curriculum. As a future study, it is also important to gather the academic personnel and the software company professionals to determine the compulsory and elective courses so that newly graduated software developers can easily adapt to the software projects in the market without taking extra training.
Determining the core part of software development curriculum applying associa...csandit
The document analyzes software job advertisements in Turkey to determine the core curriculum for software development programs. It applies association rule mining to 653 job ads and identifies 54 rules among programming languages, frameworks, databases, front-end technologies, and other software skills. The results show that jobs requiring Java, Oracle, and SQL Server experience often require a B.Sc. degree, while C# experience is more likely to position candidates as software specialists. The rules also indicate that C# and SQL Server skills are often required together, while Oracle and Java skills are more specialized.
This document summarizes a research paper on the digital transformation of management education. It discusses how digital transformation can enhance instructional learning in higher education by creating a blended learning experience. The paper analyzes how digital transformation will impact the education system and how it can benefit students. It discusses opportunities for adopting digital technologies in India like online learning and video-based learning. It also outlines some challenges of digital learning like resistance to change and technological skills. The conclusion is that digital learning is an innovative approach that meets the needs of today's students, but challenges need to be overcome with support.
ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVE...ijait
Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the
world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in
various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking
sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking
sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was
obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12
personnel’s each with an overall total of 120 respondents.The ICT maturity parameter indicators show
clearly that Application, Human Resource Infrastructure and Policy have varied ratio of: 65%, 46% , 30%
and 16%, respectively while the overall maturity index was captured at 0.40 (40%) falling into “BASIC”
level within the stages of Kochikar model measurement. These results have highlighted the need in
improving policies and infrastructures tremendously while applications and human resources can be
expanded gradually which will overall increase the maturity index level.
ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVE...ijait
Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12 personnel’s each with an overall total of 120 respondents.The ICT maturity parameter indicators show clearly that Application, Human Resource Infrastructure and Policy have varied ratio of: 65%, 46% , 30% and 16%, respectively while the overall maturity index was captured at 0.40 (40%) falling into “BASIC” level within the stages of Kochikar model measurement. These results have highlighted the need in improving policies and infrastructures tremendously while applications and human resources can be expanded gradually which will overall increase the maturity index level.
ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN VOCATIONAL ED...IAEME Publication
Development on the Internet has led to the formation of Information Technology (IT) and IT has created various solutions for different sectors one among those is education. The educational sector has opened opportunities for entrepreneurship. Online learning has become a new trend in the constantly changing world and IT solutions have provided ways for it. Many such promising companies and startups have started coming up and a sector known as EdTech (a combination of education and technology which was made possible with the help of IT solutions) started growing up with billions invested in it around the globe. It is thus one of the fastest-growing sectors as it aims to make education feasible and accessible from any corner of the world. Vocational education as such is gaining more attendance in today’s world as there is a high demand for skilled and specialized people. Governments around the world are hugely investing in the skill development of their citizens. The purpose of this paper is to review the newly formed sector known as EdTech and analyze the role of Information Technology (IT) in creating opportunities for entrepreneurship. Further going on how in return entrepreneurship is transforming education (Sambamurthy, Bharadwaj, & Grover, 2003). A sample of 335 respondents has been surveyed to know the role and significance of information technology in creating Entrepreneurial opportunities in vocational education. Survey method and factor analysis are used to get the results. The study concludes that there are so many significant roles of information technology in creating Entrepreneurial opportunities in vocational education.
Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Pra...ijtsrd
"Cloud Computing means the data and or software is hosted on remote servers i.e. located in place other than on local servers and data is accessed, modified, retrieved using internet visualised as a Cloud . Financial Management greatly relies on information for its investment, financing and dividend decisions. It is no wonder that usage of technology for better and quicker decisions in financial systems have resulted into innovative blend called as “Fintechâ€. On the similar lines we see that “Cloud Accounting†is another portmanteau integrating the concepts of traditional accounting systems with internet usage for combined benefits. This paper is aimed at enhancing the comprehension of cloud computing and its role application in financial management and accounting. The paper also aims to generate an understanding of the issues, challenges and potentials while managing such integrations. The facts and information mentioned, which are utilised to analyse and derive conclusions are available in form of featured articles and news articles in various websites. Thus analytical research methodology based on analysis of secondary data is applied in development of this paper. The finding of the paper focuses on the role played by cloud computing in financial management and accounting. It also highlights the future of this fusion considering the issues and challenges that need to be addressed. Time and Finances are limiting factors in conducting the study. The study is majorly based on the secondary data. Ms. Sonal Gawade ""Fostering Innovation, Integration & Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23072.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/23072/fostering-innovation-integration-and-inclusion-through-interdisciplinary-practices-in-management/ms-sonal-gawade"
APPLICATION OF A MULTILEVEL TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR EFFECT...ijcsit
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance pred
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance prediction and timely deployment of mitigation measures to deploy technological interventions successfully.
Integrating human relation skills into the curriculum of industrial technolog...IJITE
Technological devices are playing such a significant role in our lives that educators are incorporating
Ipads, smartphones, and even Skyping via these devices to educate our future generations. Managing the
utilization of this technology has become an important issue for businesses and proposes the question: how
is it possible to maintain good human relations with customers, clients and other businesses with all of the
technological advancements that often prevent face-to-face interaction? This paper addresses the value of
assimilating human relation skills into the curriculum of Industrial Technology related programs.
Additionally, this article provides an overview of Industrial Technology related programs and will also
address how to differentiate between Human Resource Development programs and Human Resource
Management programs.
Assessing the effect of information and communication technology on enhancingIAEME Publication
This study assessed faculty perceptions of the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on higher education systems in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was distributed to faculty members across Saudi universities. The survey found that faculty generally believe ICT can enhance education by providing high-quality and accessible content, improving learning interactions, and enabling more efficient teaching. However, ICT integration in Saudi universities is still developing and further training and infrastructure is needed. The impact of ICT tools thus far has been encouraging but could be expanded with more faculty training and support.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRACTING PROCESS FOR AN ERP SYSTEMcscpconf
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate information across an entire organization that automate core activities such as finance/accounting, human resources,
manufacturing, production and supply chain management… etc. to facilitate an integrated centralized system and rapid decision making– resulting in cost reduction, greater planning, and increased control. Many organizations are updating their current management information systems with ERP systems. This is not a trivial task. They have to identify the organization’s
objectives and satisfy a myriad of stakeholders. They have to understand what business processes they have, how they can be improved, and what particular systems would best suit
their needs. They have to understand how an ERP system is built; it involves the modification of an existing system with its own set of business rules. Deciding what to ask for and how to select the best option is a very complex operation and there is limited experience with this type of contracting in organizations. In this paper we discuss a particular experience with contracting
out an ERP system, provide some lessons learned, and offer suggestions in how the RFP and bid selection processes could have been improved.
The document discusses the impact of digitalization on existing and future jobs in the UAE government sector. It analyzes literature on automation, digitalization, and their impacts on economies and societies. The literature review finds that digitalization can positively impact GDP and productivity but may also displace some jobs, so reskilling workers and reforming education are needed to adapt to future requirements.
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
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Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
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This study aims at evaluating the sufficiency of ICT skills of fresh accounting graduates by soliciting the
opinion of senior accounting professionals. A questionnaire used as the data collection method, and
descriptive statistics used for analysis. The result of this research was surprisingly, as the level of the
accounting graduates rated to be above average and they are very competent for current accounting
profession in Egypt. The research revealed that any fresh graduate should be literate with Internet, word
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higher education institutions worldwide to keep investigating the requirements of the profession in order to
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS ' SUFFICIENCY OF EGYPTIAN ...ijait
his study aims at evaluating the sufficiency of IC
T skills of fresh accounting graduates by soliciting the opinion of senior accounting professionals. A questionnaire used as the data collection method, and descriptive statistics used for analysis. The resul
t of this research was surprisingly, as the level of the accounting graduates rated to be above average and they are very competent for current accounting
profession in Egypt. The research revealed that any
fresh graduate should be literate with Internet,word
processing software, spreadsheet software, e-mail,
commercial accounting software, and database
management software. The research has several pract
ical implications as well as a genuine value, as it
provides current set of ICT skills tools needed by
accounting profession in Egypt.
Ict applications in school management and record keepingRex Mwamba
This document discusses the prospects and challenges of using information and communication technologies (ICT) for school management and record keeping. It begins by outlining several working objectives, including explaining various viewpoints on school management and the use of technologies like the internet, email, and mobile devices. It then discusses theories of management and emerging areas of focus, like personnel management and financial management. Several modes of technology in service encounters are presented, along with a comparison of virtual versus physical services. The document also covers best practices for record keeping, storage, and retention. Overall, the document analyzes how ICT can make school management more efficient but also notes challenges to adopting new technologies.
The Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Business Manage...Dr. Nazrul Islam
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity all over the world. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also influenced by it. Now, businesses are managing their resources by using ICT support that is helping them to perform their tasks faster and accurate than before. But the developing countries like Bangladesh are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of businesses. But due to a very strong culture at work place, this effort is hindered substantially. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying the present status of the use of ICT in business management and its challenges it faces. Secondary data have been primarily used for conducting this study which was collected from the different business reports and the journal papers. An experience survey was also conducted among the senior administrators of the business houses were also included in the study. Results show that the use of ICT is very low in the small and medium business enterprises while the large businesses houses are using ICT supports. Results also show that the use of ICT primarily depends on the complexity and the nature of the business. The entrepreneurs who have ICT literacy, they are mostly using ICT supports in the management of their businesses. This study suggests that the business houses in Bangladesh should use ICT support in order to increase the efficiency at their work. But this is often depends on the ICT infrastructure of the country as a whole.
In this study, the researcher evaluated the challenges of e-governance implementation in
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factors that hinder the effective implementation of e-governance in the selected airline in
aviation industry in Nigeria; and to examine if the factors identified in the implementation of egovernance
have significantly affected the performance of selected airlines in aviation industry
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at 95% confidence level to obtain a sample size of 272. Cronbach alpha was employed to obtain
a reliability instrument that yielded an index coefficient of 0.843, which made the instrument
reliable. In line with the design of this study, the data that were collected for this study were
analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The objectives posed for the study were
answered using mean, standard deviation, and sample independent t-test statistics. The
hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. Based on the findings of the study, it was
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in Nigerian aviation industry. This means that without proper ICT infrastructure, it is
impossible to implement the e-governance in aviation industry in a developing country like
Nigeria. In the absence of proper awareness among the users of the e-governance system, it is
impossible to set up an effective e-governance system. Non-acceptability of IT systems, Low
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training facilities and Lack of planning are all factors that hinder the effective implementation of
e-governance in aviation industry in Nigeria. The study also concluded that the
factors/challenges identified in the implementation of e-governance have significantly affected
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to enhance the awareness among the users of e-governance by organizing seminar meeting and
other enlighten the users in the proper application of e-governance.
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DETERMINING THE CORE PART OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM APPLYING ASSOCIA...cscpconf
The software technology is advancing rapidly over the years. In order to adapt to this advancement, the employees on software development should renew themselves consistently. During this rapid change, it is vital to train the proper software developer with respect to the criteria desired by the industry. Therefore, the curriculum of the programs related to software development at the universities should be revised according to software industry requirements. In this study, the core part of Software Development Curriculum is determined by applying association rule mining on Software Job ads in Turkey. The courses in the core part are chosen with respect to IEEE/ACM computer science curriculum. As a future study, it is also important to gather the academic personnel and the software company professionals to determine the compulsory and elective courses so that newly graduated software developers can easily adapt to the software projects in the market without taking extra training.
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This document summarizes a research paper on the digital transformation of management education. It discusses how digital transformation can enhance instructional learning in higher education by creating a blended learning experience. The paper analyzes how digital transformation will impact the education system and how it can benefit students. It discusses opportunities for adopting digital technologies in India like online learning and video-based learning. It also outlines some challenges of digital learning like resistance to change and technological skills. The conclusion is that digital learning is an innovative approach that meets the needs of today's students, but challenges need to be overcome with support.
ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVE...ijait
Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the
world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in
various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking
sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking
sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was
obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12
personnel’s each with an overall total of 120 respondents.The ICT maturity parameter indicators show
clearly that Application, Human Resource Infrastructure and Policy have varied ratio of: 65%, 46% , 30%
and 16%, respectively while the overall maturity index was captured at 0.40 (40%) falling into “BASIC”
level within the stages of Kochikar model measurement. These results have highlighted the need in
improving policies and infrastructures tremendously while applications and human resources can be
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ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVE...ijait
Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12 personnel’s each with an overall total of 120 respondents.The ICT maturity parameter indicators show clearly that Application, Human Resource Infrastructure and Policy have varied ratio of: 65%, 46% , 30% and 16%, respectively while the overall maturity index was captured at 0.40 (40%) falling into “BASIC” level within the stages of Kochikar model measurement. These results have highlighted the need in improving policies and infrastructures tremendously while applications and human resources can be expanded gradually which will overall increase the maturity index level.
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Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Pra...ijtsrd
"Cloud Computing means the data and or software is hosted on remote servers i.e. located in place other than on local servers and data is accessed, modified, retrieved using internet visualised as a Cloud . Financial Management greatly relies on information for its investment, financing and dividend decisions. It is no wonder that usage of technology for better and quicker decisions in financial systems have resulted into innovative blend called as “Fintechâ€. On the similar lines we see that “Cloud Accounting†is another portmanteau integrating the concepts of traditional accounting systems with internet usage for combined benefits. This paper is aimed at enhancing the comprehension of cloud computing and its role application in financial management and accounting. The paper also aims to generate an understanding of the issues, challenges and potentials while managing such integrations. The facts and information mentioned, which are utilised to analyse and derive conclusions are available in form of featured articles and news articles in various websites. Thus analytical research methodology based on analysis of secondary data is applied in development of this paper. The finding of the paper focuses on the role played by cloud computing in financial management and accounting. It also highlights the future of this fusion considering the issues and challenges that need to be addressed. Time and Finances are limiting factors in conducting the study. The study is majorly based on the secondary data. Ms. Sonal Gawade ""Fostering Innovation, Integration & Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23072.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/23072/fostering-innovation-integration-and-inclusion-through-interdisciplinary-practices-in-management/ms-sonal-gawade"
APPLICATION OF A MULTILEVEL TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR EFFECT...ijcsit
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance pred
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance prediction and timely deployment of mitigation measures to deploy technological interventions successfully.
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Technological devices are playing such a significant role in our lives that educators are incorporating
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technological advancements that often prevent face-to-face interaction? This paper addresses the value of
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate information across an entire organization that automate core activities such as finance/accounting, human resources,
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objectives and satisfy a myriad of stakeholders. They have to understand what business processes they have, how they can be improved, and what particular systems would best suit
their needs. They have to understand how an ERP system is built; it involves the modification of an existing system with its own set of business rules. Deciding what to ask for and how to select the best option is a very complex operation and there is limited experience with this type of contracting in organizations. In this paper we discuss a particular experience with contracting
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A Study on Performance of the Karnataka State Cooperative Agriculture & Rural...AI Publications
The Karnataka State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank Limited is the apex bank of all the primary co-operative agriculture and rural development banks in the state. All the PCARD Banks in the state are affiliated to it. The KSCARD Bank provides financial accommodation to the PCARD Banks for their lending operations. In order to quick sanction and disbursement of loans and supervision over the PCARD Banks the KSCARD Bank has opened district level branches. Bank has established Women Development Cell to promote entrepreneurship among women in 2005. The Bank is identifying women borrowers in the rural areas by assigning suitable projects to motivate their self-confidence to lead independent life. Progress made in financing women entrepreneurs women.
Breast hamartoma is a rare, well-circumscribed, benign lesion made up of a variable quantity of glandular, adipose and fibrous tissue. This is a lesion that can affect women at any age from puberty. With the increasingly frequent use of imaging methods such as mammography and ultrasound as well as breast biopsy, cases of hamartoma diagnosed are increasing. The diagnosis of these lesions is made by mammography. The histological and radiological aspects are variable and depend on its adipose tissue content. The identification of these lesions is important in order to avoid surgical excisions. We report radio-clinical and pathological records of breast hamartoma.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...AI Publications
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
More analysis on environment protection and sustainable agriculture - A case ...AI Publications
This study presents a case of tea and coffee crops , esp. environment protection and sustainable agriculture in Son La and Thai Nguyen of Vietnam. Research results show us that The process of having an agricultural product goes through many steps such as planting, planning, harvesting, packing, transporting, storing and distributing. - The State adopts policies to encourage innovation of agricultural production models and methods towards sustainability, adapting to climate change, saving water, and limiting the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. chemicals and products for environmental treatment in agriculture; develop environmentally friendly agricultural models. Our research limitation is that we can expand for other crops, industries and markets as well.
Assessment of Growth and Yield Performance of Twelve Different Rice Varieties...AI Publications
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of growth and yield performance of twelve different rice varieties under north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2021 and 2022 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, District Palghar, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The twelve varieties namely Zini, Jaya, Dandi, Rahghudya, Govindbhog, Dangi, Gurjari, VNR-7, VNR-8, VNR-9, Karjat-3, and Karjat-5 were replicated thrice. The plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of panicles (m²), and length of panicle (cm) were noted to the maximum with cv. “VNR-7”. The highest number of seeds per panicle, test weight (gm), grain yield (q/ha), and straw yield (q/ha) were recorded with the cv. “VNR-7”. While the lowest number of days to 50% flowering was also recorded with cv. “VNR-7” during the year 2021 and 2022.
Cultivating Proactive Cybersecurity Culture among IT Professional to Combat E...AI Publications
In the current digital landscape, cybercriminals continually evolve their techniques to execute successful attacks on businesses, thus posing a great challenge to information technology (IT) professionals. While traditional cybersecurity approaches like layered defense and reactive security have helped IT professionals cope with traditional threats, they are ineffective in dealing with evolving cyberattacks. This paper focuses on the need for a proactive cybersecurity culture among IT professionals to enable them combat evolving threats. The paper emphasis that building a proactive security approach and culture can help among IT professionals anticipate, identify, and mitigate latent threats prior to them exploiting existing vulnerabilities. This paper also points out that as IT professionals use reactive security when dealing with traditional attacks, they can use it collaboratively with proactive security to effectively protect their networks, data, and systems and avoid heavy costs of dealing with cyberattack’s aftermaths and business recovery.
The Impacts of Viral Hepatitis on Liver Enzymes and BilrubinAI Publications
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Several different viruses cause hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause acute infections. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis A causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. The hepatitis A virus spreads through contact with an infected person’s stool. Protection by getting the hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis E is typically an acute infection that gets better without treatment after several weeks. Some types of hepatitis E virus are spread by drinking water contaminated by an infected person’s stool. Other types are spread by eating undercooked pork or wild game. Hepatitis B can cause acute or chronic infection. Recommendation for screening for hepatitis B in pregnant women or in those with a high chance of being infected. Protection from hepatitis B by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C can cause acute or chronic infection. Doctors usually recommend one-time screening of all adults ages 18 to 79 for hepatitis C. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent liver damage. The hepatitis D virus is unusual because it can only infect those who have a hepatitis B virus infection. A coinfection occurs when both hepatitis D and hepatitis B infections at the same time. A superinfection occurs already have chronic hepatitis B and then become infected with hepatitis D. The aim of this study is to find the effect of each type of viral hepatitis on the bilirubin (TB , DSB) , and liver enzymes; AST, ALT, ALP,GGT among viral hepatitis patients. 200 patients were selected from the viral hepatitis units in the central public health laboratory in Baghdad city, all the chosen cases were confirmed as a positive samples , they are classified into four equal group each with fifty individual and with a single serological viral hepatitis type either; anti-HAV( IgM ) , HBs Ag , anti-HCV ,or anti-HEV(IgM ). All patients were tested for; serum bilirubin ( TB ,D.SB ) , AST , ALT , ALP , GGT. Another fifty quite healthy and normal person was selected as a control group for comparison. . Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBVAST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver cell damage than AST, It is relatively specific for hepatocyte necrosis with a marked elevations in viral hepatitis. Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBV.AST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver
Determinants of Women Empowerment in Bishoftu Town; Oromia Regional State of ...AI Publications
The purpose of this study was to determine the status of women's empowerment and its determinants using women's asset endowment and decision-making potential as indicators. To determine representative sample size, this study used a two-stage sampling technique, and 122 sample respondents were selected at random. To analyze the data in this study, descriptive statistics and a probit model were used. The average women's empowerment index was 0.41, indicating a relatively lower status of women's empowerment in the study area. According to the study's findings, only 40.9% of women were empowered, while the remaining 59.1% were not. The probit model results show that women's access to the media, women's income, and their husbands' education status have a significant and positive impact on the status of women's empowerment, while the family size of households has a negative impact. As a result, it is important to enhance women's access to the media and income, promote family planning and contraception, and improve men's educational status in order to improve the status of women's empowerment.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
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This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
The Evolution and Impact of OTT Platforms: A Deep Dive into the Future of Ent...ABHILASH DUTTA
This presentation provides a thorough examination of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, focusing on their development and substantial influence on the entertainment industry, with a particular emphasis on the Indian market.We begin with an introduction to OTT platforms, defining them as streaming services that deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast channels. These platforms offer a variety of content, including movies, TV shows, and original productions, allowing users to access content on-demand across multiple devices.The historical context covers the early days of streaming, starting with Netflix's inception in 1997 as a DVD rental service and its transition to streaming in 2007. The presentation also highlights India's television journey, from the launch of Doordarshan in 1959 to the introduction of Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television in 2000, which expanded viewing choices and set the stage for the rise of OTT platforms like Big Flix, Ditto TV, Sony LIV, Hotstar, and Netflix. The business models of OTT platforms are explored in detail. Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) models, exemplified by Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, offer unlimited content access for a monthly fee. Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) models, like iTunes and Sky Box Office, allow users to pay for individual pieces of content. Advertising-Based Video on Demand (AVOD) models, such as YouTube and Facebook Watch, provide free content supported by advertisements. Hybrid models combine elements of SVOD and AVOD, offering flexibility to cater to diverse audience preferences.
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The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
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the future, technology will play an important part in helping
individuals achieve their goals. As a result, the possibilities
for action are no longer constrained by technology in this
environment, which is fluid, responsive, and easily
adaptable (Scherer et al. 2019). Employees at all levels will
benefit from studying in a research atmosphere at Iraq's
Kurdistan region's institutions, resulting in graduates who
are prepared for employment, further study, and making a
positive contribution to society (Lee et al. 2019).
Employees are taught how to use accounting software in a
traditional manner in the classroom, which requires both
teacher and learner to be physically present at all times. All
around the world, this way of teaching remains the most
popular. Traditional teaching methods have been rendered
obsolete by internet technology, and many academics
believe that the future of education lies in using information
and communication technology tools, such as accounting
software, to educate Employees. Using computers to view
interactive implementing accounting software videos,
electronic broad for teaching, photos and videos editing, as
well as putting sounds during presentation are commonly
regarded as deployment of implementing accounting
software system. The use of an interactive whiteboard,
altering photos/videos, adding sound to presentations, and
viewing instructive videos are all examples of how an
accounting software system is being implemented.
Computer networks, including wireless and satellite
systems, as well as mobile technology like cell phones and
laptops, often make this possible. Implementing accounting
software is gaining traction in many institutions across the
world, and some SME have already begun devoting
significant resources and manpower to the cause. Many
academics believe that accounting software is the future of
higher education. Despite this, researchers and other
academics concluded that a long way had to go before the
implementation of an accounting software system reached
its full potential. If the accounting software system
implementation is to be completed on time, there are a
number of obstacles to face (Mutahar et al. 2018).
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Accounting software implementation and technology can
go hand in hand. Instructors are compelled to use and
understand contemporary technology improvements in the
classroom; at the same time, the on-the-ground
implementation of these advancements in the classroom
will have a direct impact on how these advancements
continue to evolve. Technology has a far-reaching impact,
not just on SME, but also on the academic community as a
whole. A Employee's advantage is that he or she can learn
about and use technology tools to conduct research, find
information, or read advanced libraries. The use of
technology as a teaching tool is highly effective. There is a
significant lot of coordination between the implementation
of accounting software and the many devices and
applications that go along with it. In order to improve this
technique and make it more dynamic rather than static, this
will play a critical role (Guner & Acarturk, 2020). As
described by Kamal et al. (2020), the idea of implementing
accounting software can be used to highlight various
processes and applications, including the removal of
implementing accounting software as well as the use of
web-based implementation, virtual implementation,
personal computers as well as computer-based coordination
efforts. Data innovation and instruction play important roles
in changing how accounting software education and
implementation are managed in the digital environment, and
this is true for the implementation of accounting software as
well. In addition, the obligation for implementing
accounting software is shifting toward the learner, using
media devices like DVDs and CDs, as well as PC
reproductions and intelligent whiteboards (Malaquias et al.
2018). Using these devices, the learner is able to learn about
accounting software in a more efficient manner. Real
progress has been made in accounting education by moving
away from teaching and toward the use of accounting
software. In reality, we live in a learner-centric society. It
was investigated the importance of accounting software in
the context of removing training in his research of the
essentials for implementing in accounting software.
Technology Acceptance Model
Increasing interest in technology and the beginnings of
computerization have led to a rise in the complexity of
system coordination. As a result, a new field of study has
been developed to minimize the negative effects of possible
dismissal of some discoveries. There are many
investigations that fail to make clear if something has been
acknowledged or not, as Davis shows in his study from
1989. (Alfadda & Mahdi, 2021). A specific level of
expertise was added to the Theory of Planned Behavior,
with the intention of providing an answer to the question of
how to recognize the recognition of specialized goods. For
these specialized things, he aims to identify and eliminate
the reasons for their removal. A favorable outcome from a
financial standpoint is the increased profitability and secure
speculation that can be achieved through appropriate
modifications. By studying the processes that underlie
human sensual experience, Davis developed up a model of
the jolt, life form, and reaction (Shukla & Sharma, 2018).
For the 'Innovation Acceptance Model', the model
developed by Venkatesh and Davis has been enhanced
(TAM). The TAM is based on the idea that there are two
key factors that influence how an innovation is accepted and
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how it is acted upon. The "Demeanor toward utilizing" and
the "Behavioral Intention to use" elements are triggered by
the "perceived Usefulness" (PU) and the "perceived Ease of
Use" (PEOU) (Verma et al. 2018). For example, it has
already been established that TAM relies on BI and real-
world usage of a framework. In Davis' study, the outside
influences were depicted as X1, X2, and X3; later he
referred to them as 'plan components'. There is a great deal
of interest in this contactless payment theory because it
demonstrates the link between framework design and
framework use. Because of the lack of immediate reliance,
the connection between these two factors is the behavioral
goal that is affected by PU and PEOU. Davis asserts that
"since configuration highlights fall into the classification of
outside factors inside the Fishbein worldview (Vahdat et al.
2021), they are not conjectured to have any immediate
impact on mentality or conduct, rather influencing these
factors just in a roundabout way through saw handiness and
saw simplicity of use" (Taherdoost, 2018). By introducing
a new component between the 'State of Mind Toward Using'
and the 'Real System Use,' Davis improved his TAM model.
The 'Behavioral Intention to Use' (BI) is a combination of
Ajzens elements of behaviour and expectation. In 1989, this
improved model was made available (Lim, 2018). From the
perspective of the framework outline, the major and most
significant change between the 1989 and 1996 models is the
prohibition of the component of demeanor toward
utilization. Venkatesh and Davis also provided instances of
outside influences, such as "client preparedness," "client
interest in the plan," and the "use process," in their new
model (Min et al. 2019). The internals of the TAM can be
better studied when dealing with external influences in an
open manner. TAM II, a new and improved display, has
been developed. TAM II is a new version of TAM, but the
TAM as the central model remains unchanged in the
meantime.
Technological Readiness
The availability and viability of technology to support the
implementation of online accounting software are evaluated
using the concept of "technological readiness." As a result,
there is a debate of whether a school sector has the necessary
technology and software to successfully use online
accounting software Online deployment of accounting
software has been categorized by Liu & Yang, (2018) into
distinct concentrations. A "first generation" online
accounting software implementation is shown, where the
technology base was initially established and required or
utilized only later. Strategy for an online implementing
accounting software defines the need and expectations for
consumers and teachers, as well as prospective pedagogical
techniques, before picking the related technology for the
"second generation" software. It was because of this shift in
focus on technology's impact or influence that the question
arose of whether or not the educational sector has the
technological infrastructure required to install an online
implementing accounting software (Assaker, 2020).
Although it's possible that the technology might be used for
both official and unofficial training, CD ROMs were
previously used for online implementation of accounting
software; however, today's delivery techniques are very
reliable, simple to use, and based on either internet or
intranet distribution. Customers must be able to entrée
material in order for delivery to be effective. Simply said,
"access" simply implies that everyone will have the ability
to connect to the internet. Despite the fact that Isaac et al.
(2018) only mention internet access, many educational
institutions make use of intranets. From a customer's home
or a small business, access is possible. To access an online
accounting system, consumers will need to have all the
necessary software installed on their computer before they
can log in. "What are the major and necessary consumers'
requirements in order to use online implementing
accounting software?" and "How should the internet speed
be while utilizing online implementing accounting
software?" are some of the questions raised. In their study,
Pal & Vanijja, (2020) propose that the least technologically
demanding techniques of technology deployment be used.
As a result, teachers who don't frequently use computers at
SME will also be affected by the implementation and use of
the lowest possible technical qualifications (Rahimi et al.
2018).
Human Resource Readiness
There are two groups of people involved in online installing
accounting software: the learner, who will use the
framework, and the group that will be involved in the
implementation and maintenance of it. For the online
accounting software implementation, both groupings
necessitate information, aptitudes, and skills. Concerns
about the selection process and implementation are the
focus of this section. Employees' fascinating issues in online
implementation of accounting software are being explored
because they have been demonstrated (Wang et al. 2020).
There are two features of human asset preparation are
emotional support and ensuring that fundamental pre-
imperative abilities exist for accounting software
implementation in the new condition. In addition to
evaluating whether or not preparation is successful and
being completed, HR departments are also responsible for
keeping records connected to preparation exercises
(Taherdoost, 2018). This is a fundamental aspect of
information management (KM). The Human Resources
(HR) department routinely monitors information, and
knowledge management is frequently an element of
accounting software implementation. Data flows through
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HR because they are in charge of hiring new employees.
They are aware of the abilities of workers and should be
kept up to date on the accomplishments of their
representatives. "Creation, filing, and sharing of esteemed
data, skill, and information inside and between groups of
persons and associations with comparable interests and
needs" is the definition of knowledge management in this
context (Vanduhe et al. 2020). It is possible to use KM
successfully to make accounting software more hierarchical
if it is used properly. Teachers and customers often know
the information, but may have difficulty conveying it to one
other. It's known as "implied information." The secret to
successfully deploying accounting software is to have a firm
grasp of the subject (Chayomchai, 2020). As an example,
consumers and teachers may be able to investigate and make
the printer operate without a manual, but when asked to
explain how it is done, they may have difficulty conveying
how to do it and even when the data is shared, another client
may have different results. Detailed information can be
gleaned from the simplest of statements (Masombuka &
Mnkandla, 2018). Implementing accounting software
becomes notably authoritative at the point where the
implied individual may be converted to clear information
and communicated. There was a strong presence of
information formation at all levels in Salimi et al. (2020),
from the cutting edge to the administration. They depict
information generation as a symbiotic relationship between
the brain and the body. Having an understanding of the
societal views expected to aid in the expansion of
accounting software implementation can go a long way
toward achieving an aggressive association. Knowledge
management (KM) has been transformed from an archive
hoarding function to a more prominent role in the formal
and informal implementation of accounting software forms
within an organization by fostering information sharing. We
began by asking: What are the general characteristics of
those who will be using the online implementation of
accounting software? While individual characteristics are
important, for example, it is necessary to recognize what
capabilities and mental states are available for
implementing accounting software online, this audit found
that the role of HR in implementing accounting software
online is substantially more extensive than initially thought.
Human Resources (HR) needs to be aware of what faculty
exist and are needed, regardless of their ability to use online
accounting software. In both the execution and
appropriation phases, HR is critical. Knowledge
management (KM) has a key role to play in this since it can
determine what capabilities are available and use this data
to prepare for the future. It can aid in the detection of holes.
This is a good situation to use accounting software in since
employees are more likely to be aware of their own
changing demands. The HR department must also be able to
foresee the skills and fitness requirements of a project to
adopt accounting software online (Sohn & Kwon, 2020).
Customer Readiness
Customers should be the driving force behind online
accounting software implementation initiatives (Alasmari
& Zhang, 2019). Due to the fact that online implementation
of accounting software can take several structures; mixed,
teacher-taught and self-guided, These selections will appeal
to a diverse range of Employees. Free pick-up exercises
may or may not be of interest to customers, depending on
how they are set up and what they hope to accomplish with
them. Those are the topics that Putra, (2019) categorize as
self-improvement concerns. Implementing accounting
software preferences and inspiration are examples from
Peñarroja et al. (2019) twenty elements of learner traits that
he identifies are important to online implementation of
accounting software. Innovation is linked to learner
abilities, according to Talukder et al. (2020). Implementing
accounting software and innovation is influenced by three
factors: learner qualities, specialized capacities, and
mentalities about using online implementing accounting
software. Sophisticated aptitudes, such as those found in
Jalil et al. (2019), have been identified as a factor in the
online implementation of accounting software. Employees
are tested on their knowledge and pre-requisite skills for
certain courses. An inquiry into the online implementation
of accounting software should include specialized abilities
and relevant PC expertise (Fuentes-Moraleda et al. 2020).
Cost Readiness
When making a decision, we need to take into account the
pros and negatives of each option, as well as the costs
involved. When determining the most cost-effective option,
financial, managerial, and operational factors all need to be
taken into account (Siyam, 2019). Ronald Coase first
proposed the concept of the "Economy of Costs", when he
published The Nature of the Firm, a book that examined the
origins of corporations (Ajibade, 2018).
To paraphrase, Martins (2003) describes cost management
as a discipline of accounting that deals with strategic
problems about expenses that are influenced by other
factors other than financial data. Consequently, the goal of
cost management is to provide the conditions for
organizations to make decisions that will ultimately
improve their competitiveness (Scherer et al. 2019).
Companies need to know their costs if they want to stay in
business. Managers must be familiar with the organization's
expenses (Lee et al. 2019). That being said, the company
must make sure that the product's cost and costs are covered
by the sale price and that it generates a profit margin that is
acceptable. In the context of a company's production
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system, a Cost System is the financial parameterization of
that system (Mutahar et al. 2018). Accounting for costs
plays a critical role in gathering, processing, and
communicating information about how the resources used
to produce things or provide services affect a company's
outcomes (Guner & Acarturk, 2020). Generally speaking,
external financial reports are what Kamal et al. (2020)
defined as "cost," which is a sacrifice of resources,
spending, and a starting against the prescription in a
predetermined countable time period. Cost, according to
Malaquias et al. (2018), is the relative expenditure of or
service used in the production of other goods or services by
the well itself. The accounting of costs is a branch of
accounting whose purpose it is to provide information to
various levels of management within an organization in
order to aid in the functions of determining performance,
planning, and controlling operations, as well as making
decisions (Alfadda & Mahdi, 2021).
Content Readiness
The estimation of substance status is the primary instrument
of any framework, according to Shukla & Sharma, (2018),
and online implementing accounting software availability is
governed by the assessment of substance status from an
instructive perspective. That is, is the substance easily
accessible?, Is it extremely well organized?, and so forth. It
also has the added benefit of being reusable. Teacher access
to eImplementing accounting software content will be
assessed, as will their satisfaction with the content. It will
also be evaluated to determine whether instructors require
training in eImplementing accounting software content
development. It is vital to plan ahead of time for
eImplementing accounting software preparation, and it
should be taken into consideration during the process of
implementing accounting software online. It is determined
by the model whether any further preparation is required in
the enhancement of online implementing accounting
software materials in the future. According to the findings
of Verma et al. (2018) study, the motivation for the study
was to determine the amount of availability of accounting
software in Kenyan SMEs, which was conducted in 2014.
This was part of a larger strategy to manage the reception
and use of accounting software at SME that was
implemented across the entire organization. There were two
primary goals for the review, which were to: evaluate the
level of implementation of accounting software availability
by setting up a pattern aggregative file; and prescribe
exercises to improve the preparation that encourage viable
implementation of accounting software innovations in
instructing, implementing accounting software, and
conducting research. Within the ADDIE model of
instructional design, a number of different methods for
gauging e-availability were investigated and compared.
Engineers' model for evaluating implementation progress of
accounting software gave the review the calculated
foundation it needed, as well as the goals and techniques it
needed to accomplish those goals.
Leadership Readiness
The investigation identified a wide range of qualities that
education leaders need in order to facilitate the integration
of ICT into teaching and deploying accounting software. In
the following list, the members have selected some of the
best attributes of administration. Some of the accompanying
ascribes appear to be non-exclusive in character. We
propose that these terms be translated in light of their
significance for incorporating ICT into accounting software
education and implementation. Education leaders must be
brave people when dealing with ICT, as was the case at each
of the concentration gatherings (Vahdat et al. 2021). Many
participants shared examples of what they had planned as a
bold person in a school education leadership. It is possible
that some of the illustrations show a low level of risk taking
by ICT-savvy persons, but many members understood
"risk" to include the individual's danger and the potential
expense of their incompetence as well as school. In order to
demonstrate to the staff how he or she is integrating ICT
into their work, a school essential who is a novice at using
ICT demonstrated the types of risk-taking strategies that
were presented. In certain large schools, the yearly budget
implications of delivering ICT were allegedly a major
danger to the school group in their entirety. Courageous
educational leaders drive an entire school shift around the
ICT combo and provide time for teachers to experiment
with new methods of instructing and deploying accounting
software based on ICT. Innovative and adaptable
educational leadership was exemplified, for example, by
finding creative ways to manage the expense of expertly
installing accounting software. ICT must be incorporated
into 21st-century school leadership's specific and bland
ascribes, according to Dialog's findings. Members
emphasized the need for all educational authorities to
support the integration of ICT into accounting software
instruction and implementation. Members further
emphasized that this assistance is currently a prerequisite
that cannot be avoided (Taherdoost, 2018).
Culture Readiness
One of the pillars of adopting change management methods
is cultural characteristics that influence behavior.
Employees from various cultural backgrounds may shy
away from online degrees due to the prevalence of online
courses and degree programs in SME. As a result, research
on the cultural influences on online education is urgently
needed in order to execute effective reform initiatives. A
culture is a way of life for a group of people living in a
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specific place and time. A person's culture includes their
thoughts, actions, and the goods they create. Therefore,
culture is a way of life that is based on a shared set of values
and beliefs. It is possible that cultural differences may
impede the use of ICT's in education, such as language,
socio-economic and religious difficulties and technology.
As a result, the usability of the majority of online accounting
software systems is heavily influenced by the cultural
backgrounds of its users (Lim, 2018). Researchers were
obliged to identify substantial cultural differences between
nations because of their diverse origins. Hofstede identified
six cultural features that can be used to identify countries.
Specific to Arab cultures is a significant power distance,
collectivism rather than individualism, masculinity, and a
high tendency for uncertainty avoidance (Min et al. 2019).
Arab societies have been proven to be less change-ready
than other Western nations, according to research. In the
Arab world, change is seen as a process rather than a
destination; it is geared toward a specific objective. As a
result, authorities tasked with bringing about change are
often pro-active in doing so in a way that benefits both
themselves and the society at large. As a result, gradual
change is better depicted by a zig-zag pattern. Therefore, the
primary goal of change here is to keep things stable.
Resistance to change, a huge power gap, and a refusal to
accept efforts that are not Arab-based were the key factors
that contributed to the disparity in change implementation
in the Arab world. There are a lot of reasons why Arab
communities may be reluctant to contribute and enhance
their own performance and reject new ideas because of their
unfavorable features. When it comes to figuring out how to
disperse accounting software data, powerful separation
societies seek specialists on their team, according to Liu &
Yang, (2018). Societies with high levels of instability are
looking for ways to prepare that reduce their vulnerability
when learning new material. It is considered dangerous to
deploy accounting software online because of the
difficulties that Employees may encounter, such as
mechanical or navigational challenges, throughout the
implementation process. As a result of their shared
enthusiasm for adopting accounting software and their
expressed concern for the collective's implementation
results, collective societies tend to favor an assembly-style
approach to dealing with accounting software
implementation. Since aggregate concordance is proved to
be a strong collecting point, As a result of their preference
for a deductive thinking approach, they favor accounting
software that allows for the collective implementation of
ideas from broad to narrow standards. Because online
accounting software is less participatory when it comes to
implementation, these findings may serve as main
imperatives in the acceptance of online accounting software
in Arab countries. Online implementing accounting
software may not be widely accepted until specialists who
have the upper hand in the new instructional stage provide
the essential establishments, foundation, tenets and
instructions and stimulating implementing accounting
software situation. An important part of this examination
will be Egypt's place as one of the leading Arab nations in
innovation and online implementation of accounting
software, due to its status as a leading innovator in the Arab
world, which can be described by social metrics that are
indistinguishable from those used to describe the rest of the
Arab region. An important question here is whether or if
advanced education partners are available and willing to
embrace installing accounting software, given the potential
benefits that online accounting software implementation
projects could bring to the advanced education framework
(Assaker, 2020).
Conceptual Framework
Research Model
Fig.1- Research Model
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Research hypotheses
H1: Technological readiness has a positive and significant
influence on implementing accounting software at SME in
Erbil.
H2: Human resource readiness has a positive and
significant influence on implementing accounting software
at SME in Erbil.
H3: Customer readiness has a positive and significant
influence on implementing accounting software at SME in
Erbil.
H4: Content readiness has a positive and significant
influence on implementing accounting software at SME in
Erbil.
H5: Educational readiness has a positive and significant
influence on implementing accounting software at SME in
Erbil.
H6: Leadership readiness has a positive and significant
influence on implementing accounting software at SME in
Erbil.
H7: Cultural readiness has a positive and significant
influence on implementing accounting software at SME in
Erbil.
III. METHODOLOGY
The research was conducted at small businesses in Erbil.
When it comes to installing accounting software,
researchers used a quantitative study approach to
determine the readiness factors (technical, human resource
and customers' preparedness), as well as educational,
leadership and cultural readiness. Erbil currently has seven
small and medium-sized businesses (SME). SME's 120
administrative staff members were given the survey at
random. More than 100 small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) in the Kurdistan region of Iraq
participated in this study. The Likert scale ranges from
1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, and
5=strongly agree, with 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly
agree. SPSS was used to analyze all of the collected data to
determine the accounting software implementation's
readiness factor level.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS
Table 1: Reliability Analysis
Items Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
Technological Readiness .810 9
Human Resource Readiness .864 8
Customer Readiness .730 8
Content Readiness .801 9
Educational Readiness .783 7
Leadership Readiness .778 7
Cultural Readiness .847 6
Implementing Accounting Software .715 8
In order to measure readiness factors in implementing
accounting software, the study used 7 independent variables
including (technological readiness, human resource
readiness, customer readiness, content readiness,
educational readiness, leadership readiness, cultural
readiness) and implementing accounting software as
dependent factor. The results of reliability analysis showed
that as for technological readiness was .810 for nine
questions used to examine technological readiness, the
result showed the reliability for all nine questions used to
examine technological readiness. As for human resource
readiness was .864 for eight questions used to examine
human resource readiness, the result showed the reliability
for all eight questions used to examine human resource
readiness. As for customer readiness was .730 for eight
questions used to examine customer readiness, the result
showed the reliability for all eight questions used to
examine customer readiness. As for content readiness was
.801 for nine questions used to examine content readiness,
the result showed the reliability for all nine questions used
to examine content readiness. As for educational readiness
was .783 for seven questions used to examine educational
readiness, the result showed the reliability for all seven
questions used to examine educational readiness. As for
leadership readiness was .778 for seven questions used to
examine leadership readiness, the result showed the
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reliability for all seven questions used to examine leadership
readiness. As for cultural readiness was .847 for six
questions used to examine cultural readiness, the result
showed the reliability for all six questions used to examine
cultural readiness, and finally as for implementing
accounting software as dependent factor was .715 for eight
questions used to examine implementing accounting
software as dependent factor, the result showed the
reliability for all eight questions used to examine
implementing accounting software as dependent factor.
Table 2: Correlation Analysis
Correlations
Items Pearson Correlation Implementing accounting software
Technological
Readiness
Pearson Correlation 801**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 104
Human Resource
Readiness
Pearson Correlation .712**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 104
Customers Readiness Pearson Correlation .791**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 104
Content Readiness Pearson Correlation .781**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 104
Educational Readiness Pearson Correlation .803**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 104
Leadership Readiness Pearson Correlation .739**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 104
Cultural Readiness Pearson Correlation .772**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 104
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
The study intended to measure the correlation between
seven independent variables and a dependent variable. As
for the correlation between technological readiness and
implementing accounting software, was showed 801**, this
demonstrated a strong and positive correlation between
technological readiness and implementing accounting
software. As for the correlation between Human resource
readiness and implementing accounting software, was
showed 712**, this demonstrated a strong and positive
correlation between Human resource readiness and
implementing accounting software. As for the correlation
between Customers readiness and implementing accounting
software, was showed 791**, this demonstrated a strong
and positive correlation between Customers readiness and
implementing accounting software. As for the correlation
between content readiness and implementing accounting
software, was showed 781**, this demonstrated a strong
and positive correlation between content readiness and
implementing accounting software. As for the correlation
between educational readiness and implementing
accounting software, was showed 803**, this demonstrated
a strong and positive correlation between educational
readiness and implementing accounting software. As for the
correlation between leadership readiness and implementing
accounting software, was showed 739**, this demonstrated
a strong and positive correlation between leadership
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readiness and implementing accounting software. As for the
correlation between cultural readiness and implementing
accounting software, was showed 772**, this demonstrated
a strong and positive correlation between cultural readiness
and implementing accounting software.
Table 3: Multiple Regression Analysis
Independent variable Coefficients t-value P-value
Technological readiness .717 41.902 .000
Human resource readiness .713 19.921 .000
customer readiness .756 29.882 .000
Content readiness .618 31.003 .000
Educational readiness .729 29.544 .000
Leadership readiness .633 19.091 .000
Cultural readiness .728 22.331 .000
R2 .729
F value 191.236 .000
Dependent Variable: Implementing accounting software
In order to determine the association between each
independent variable and each dependent variable, the
multiple regression analysis was used. Researchers
attempted to establish a link between the factors of interest
(seven independent variables) and the dependent variable
(implementation of accounting software) in this section. As
can be seen in Table 3, the outcome of the first hypotheses
shows that the technical preparedness component has a
considerable impact on the outcome. Accounting software
implementation (the value Beta =.717, p.001, and the
researchers came to the conclusion that technological
preparedness is ready to implement accounting software in
education sectors in accordance with this). The first research
hypothesis was supported, and the second hypotheses
revealed that the human resource readiness component was
substantially associated with success. Accounting software
implementation (the value Beta =.713, p.001, and as a
result, the researchers came to the conclusion that human
resource preparedness is ready to adopt and use accounting
software within education sectors in accordance with the
findings). The second research hypothesis was supported,
and the results of the third hypotheses revealed that the
consumers' preparedness factor was strongly predicted.
Accounting software implementation (the value Beta =.756,
p.001, and as a result, the researchers came to the conclusion
that customers' preparedness is ready to implement
accounting software in education sectors in accordance with
the findings. The third study hypothesis was supported, and
the results of the fourth hypotheses showed that the content
preparation factor was substantially associated with the
outcome. As a result, the researchers came to the conclusion
that content readiness is ready to implement implementing
accounting software in education sectors in accordance with
the fourth research hypothesis supported, and as a result of
the fifth hypotheses, educational readiness factor has
significantly predicted implementing accounting software
in education sectors, as a result of the fourth research
hypothesis supported Implementing accounting software
(the value Beta =..729, p.001, therefore the researchers
came to the conclusion that educational readiness is ready
to implement implementing accounting software in
education sectors in accordance with the fifth research
hypothesis supported, the result of the sixth hypotheses,
leadership readiness factor has significantly predicted the
implementation of accounting software in education sectors
Implementing accounting software (the value Beta =.633,
p.001, therefore the researchers came to the conclusion that
leadership readiness is ready to implement implementing
accounting software in education sectors in accordance with
the sixth research hypothesis supported, and the result of the
seventh hypotheses, cultural readiness factor has
significantly predicted the implementation of accounting
software in education sectors. As a result, the researchers
came to the conclusion that cultural preparedness is ready
to implement implementing accounting software in
education sectors, which was supported by the seventh
study hypothesis. Implementing accounting software (the
value Beta =.728, p.001)
V. DISCUSSIONS
This segment discusses together the findings and analyses
based on the study objective and purpose in order to
interpret the results of research hypotheses. It also includes
a discussion of the research methodology. In-depth
discussion on the concept of adopting accounting software,
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its features and qualities, as well as the benefits and
drawbacks, was possible for the researchers to conduct. All
of the obstacles to using accounting software have been
identified, and within each category of obstacle, there are a
variety of crucial elements to take into mind. There have
been numerous studies that have identified important
barriers to the adoption of accounting software systems,
which might cause the system to fail throughout the
implementation process, either negatively or positively
impacting the customers' achievement (Isaac et al. 2018). A
key hurdle to deploying accounting software, according to
the findings of this study, is factors' readiness to do so. The
research is looking for not only the readiness aspects for
installing accounting software, but also whether or if the
benefits of using accounting software are worth the
investment in time and money. One of the most significant
advantages of deploying accounting software in small and
medium-sized enterprises is that it creates a pathway to a
graduate degree. One of the most important considerations
for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is to take
into account all of the readiness elements that influence the
implementation of accounting software. There are many
different viewpoints and points of view on the readiness
aspects and efficacy of accounting software when it comes
to applying it in educational sectors. Information on whether
or not education sectors are ready for accounting software
implementation is critical for making additional decisions
on the implementation of accounting software (Pal &
Vanijja, 2020). Because it serves to remind scholars and
education practitioners of the importance of preparation
elements for using accounting software, which has become
a key instructional form in the education area, this research
is of particular significance. As a result of this study, it was
discovered that the technology readiness factor, which was
ready to deploy accounting software in SME in Erbil, had
the highest value, while human resource readiness
component had the lowest value.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
According to the research, the preparedness variables for
deploying accounting software in the Kurdistan area of Iraq
need to be investigated. Customer education is now being
delivered on the Internet in many developing countries by
means of accounting software tools. As the world's
population continues to rise, numerous developing nations'
education sectors are attempting to facilitate complex web
sites by giving various features that allow them to work in a
more efficient manner in order to assist clients. The findings
revealed that the highest value was assigned to the
technology readiness component, which was ready to install
accounting software in SME in Erbil; on the other hand, the
lowest value was assigned to the human resource readiness
factor. When it comes to its utility and convenience of use,
the consumer segment of an online education system
appreciates the advantages offered by the new procedure.
The discovery is crucial for small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries who wish to
begin integrating accounting software with the goal of
improving and expanding access to high-quality services.
VII. FUTURE STUDY AND LIMITATIONS
The survey questions may not necessarily generalize to a
larger population of teachers and administrative staffs in
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the
research question does not provide enough information to
demonstrate a clear association between readiness factors
and the implementation of accounting software, among
other limitations. As a result, it is advised that follow-up
studies be undertaken with a bigger sample size and a
greater diversity of sample groups included in the
population in order to broaden and validate the findings of
the current study.
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