This document summarizes three potential English research topics:
1) Language and advertising - How language is used in advertising and its effects, with a focus on offensive language and grammar. Participants would include media personnel and advertising viewers.
2) Language and community - How language builds and defines communities, and how it can be used to create issues. Participants would provide perspectives on language importance.
3) Language and cultural identity - How language identifies cultures and causes misunderstandings between cultures with similar words. Participants would identify their own cultures based on language.
The document recommends further research on the topic of language and culture.
Teaching pronunciation using the prosody pyramidjudy rock73
This document provides an overview of Judy B. Gilbert's book "Teaching Pronunciation Using the Prosody Pyramid". The book presents an approach to teaching pronunciation that focuses on prosody, which includes rhythm and melody. Prosody acts as "road signs" that help listeners follow a speaker's meaning by communicating emphasis and relationships between ideas. The document discusses the importance of teaching prosody, including rhythm, stress patterns, and melody. It argues that a focus on helping students use prosodic elements to aid intelligibility can help overcome challenges in pronunciation teaching.
This document discusses common pronunciation problems faced by Indonesian learners of English as a non-native language. It begins by introducing the topic and noting that pronunciation is difficult for non-native speakers due to differences in sound systems between their first language and English. Some specific problems mentioned include pronouncing sounds that don't exist in Indonesian, such as the 'bow' sound; differences in where sounds occur; and different allophones of similar sounds. The document emphasizes that overcoming these problems requires repeated practice to train the ears and mouth to accurately identify and produce English sounds. Proper pronunciation is important for intelligibility as a non-native English speaker.
The document discusses the history and importance of teaching pronunciation in the English language. It begins with a brief overview of the origins and development of English from Old English to Middle English to Modern English. It then focuses on pronunciation, noting that pronunciation is an integral part of language learning and communication. However, teaching pronunciation is often overlooked or not prioritized. The document advocates for the importance of teaching pronunciation in language classrooms and provides references that discuss strategies and techniques for doing so effectively.
This document provides information about Module 3 of the California Teachers of English Learners (CTEL) program, which focuses on culture and inclusion. It discusses key vocabulary, concepts, and instructional strategies related to understanding the diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds of English Learner students in California. Some key points include:
- California has significant cultural and linguistic diversity among its student population, with the top 5 non-English languages being Spanish, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Cantonese, and Hmong.
- Immigrant students and their families face various challenges related to acculturation, stereotypes, discrimination, and sociocultural/economic factors that can affect academic achievement.
- Effective instructional strategies like building
The influence of the mother language on second language vocabulary acquisitio...FreeSoul2014
The document discusses how a learner's mother tongue can influence vocabulary acquisition and use in a second language. It addresses (1) how languages differ in how they parcel meanings into words, (2) how a learner's native language training can interfere with or support learning a new language, and (3) how language and cultural distance between languages affects transfer of vocabulary and difficulty of learning. The document also notes that second language learners need extensive exposure to accurately determine a new word's range of reference.
This study analyzed the use of English code-mixing and code-switching in Thai pop songs from 2008-2012. It found that English words were the most common type of code-mixing, making up 39.78% of English elements, with nouns being the most frequent word class. Code-switching most often occurred at the sentence level, accounting for 36.82% of English elements. Simple sentences were the most frequent code-switched item. The study also examined how English words were nativized, or adapted, finding that reduplication was commonly used. This study provides insight into how English is creatively used in Thai pop songs for rhetorical and aesthetic purposes.
All & sundry use English for text messaging. They use ‘techniques’ & appear ‘message-savvy’ & adopt ‘cults’. Their primary motive is relationship building, sustenance, enrichment and social interaction. Many researchers have studied the language of the text messages. They have opined that textese English can have a positive or negative or no effect whatsoever on the English of the students. This presentation is an attempt to show how textese English has had a negative impact/adverse effect on students in India.
Teaching pronunciation using the prosody pyramidjudy rock73
This document provides an overview of Judy B. Gilbert's book "Teaching Pronunciation Using the Prosody Pyramid". The book presents an approach to teaching pronunciation that focuses on prosody, which includes rhythm and melody. Prosody acts as "road signs" that help listeners follow a speaker's meaning by communicating emphasis and relationships between ideas. The document discusses the importance of teaching prosody, including rhythm, stress patterns, and melody. It argues that a focus on helping students use prosodic elements to aid intelligibility can help overcome challenges in pronunciation teaching.
This document discusses common pronunciation problems faced by Indonesian learners of English as a non-native language. It begins by introducing the topic and noting that pronunciation is difficult for non-native speakers due to differences in sound systems between their first language and English. Some specific problems mentioned include pronouncing sounds that don't exist in Indonesian, such as the 'bow' sound; differences in where sounds occur; and different allophones of similar sounds. The document emphasizes that overcoming these problems requires repeated practice to train the ears and mouth to accurately identify and produce English sounds. Proper pronunciation is important for intelligibility as a non-native English speaker.
The document discusses the history and importance of teaching pronunciation in the English language. It begins with a brief overview of the origins and development of English from Old English to Middle English to Modern English. It then focuses on pronunciation, noting that pronunciation is an integral part of language learning and communication. However, teaching pronunciation is often overlooked or not prioritized. The document advocates for the importance of teaching pronunciation in language classrooms and provides references that discuss strategies and techniques for doing so effectively.
This document provides information about Module 3 of the California Teachers of English Learners (CTEL) program, which focuses on culture and inclusion. It discusses key vocabulary, concepts, and instructional strategies related to understanding the diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds of English Learner students in California. Some key points include:
- California has significant cultural and linguistic diversity among its student population, with the top 5 non-English languages being Spanish, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Cantonese, and Hmong.
- Immigrant students and their families face various challenges related to acculturation, stereotypes, discrimination, and sociocultural/economic factors that can affect academic achievement.
- Effective instructional strategies like building
The influence of the mother language on second language vocabulary acquisitio...FreeSoul2014
The document discusses how a learner's mother tongue can influence vocabulary acquisition and use in a second language. It addresses (1) how languages differ in how they parcel meanings into words, (2) how a learner's native language training can interfere with or support learning a new language, and (3) how language and cultural distance between languages affects transfer of vocabulary and difficulty of learning. The document also notes that second language learners need extensive exposure to accurately determine a new word's range of reference.
This study analyzed the use of English code-mixing and code-switching in Thai pop songs from 2008-2012. It found that English words were the most common type of code-mixing, making up 39.78% of English elements, with nouns being the most frequent word class. Code-switching most often occurred at the sentence level, accounting for 36.82% of English elements. Simple sentences were the most frequent code-switched item. The study also examined how English words were nativized, or adapted, finding that reduplication was commonly used. This study provides insight into how English is creatively used in Thai pop songs for rhetorical and aesthetic purposes.
All & sundry use English for text messaging. They use ‘techniques’ & appear ‘message-savvy’ & adopt ‘cults’. Their primary motive is relationship building, sustenance, enrichment and social interaction. Many researchers have studied the language of the text messages. They have opined that textese English can have a positive or negative or no effect whatsoever on the English of the students. This presentation is an attempt to show how textese English has had a negative impact/adverse effect on students in India.
Text Messaging: “Negative Behavioral Effects on Human”Stine Sehcliv
1. The document discusses the negative behavioral effects of text messaging on humans. It explores how excessive use of texting can negatively impact behavior over time.
2. Various types of text messages are classified that can influence behavior, such as advertisements, gossip, romance, and sexting. Negative behaviors developed from texting include disrespect, impatience, laziness, and lack of cooperation.
3. Dangers of texting include texting while driving, walking, eating, or in other unsafe situations. Excessive texting is linked to relationship issues, lower academic performance, and cheating. Overall, the document analyzes how the language and overuse of text messaging can gradually change human behavior for the worse
This document provides information about Estefania Amairady Cabrera Morales' translation research project. The project involves translating the paper "Cultural Perspectives in Reading: Theory and Research" from English to Spanish. The summary aims to make the research on the connection between culture and reading comprehension accessible to Spanish-speaking teachers and scholars. The translation will use techniques from various translation schools, including literal translation, transposition, modulation, and equivalence. The project aims to help Spanish readers by providing important information about reading that may help improve reading scores in Mexico.
Evaluating Attitudes towards Non-Native Speaker AccentsJonathan Nausner
In the discussion of English as Lingua Franca the question how a "good" or "bad" accent can influence the perception of the speaker as competent or incompetent is missing.
Kuo (2006:218) argues that English "is the language of which they [NNS, ed.] have to demonstrate a degree of mastery so as to win a place in education and employment in their own contexts and abroad".
So learning English is in most settings not just a matter of being intelligible and successful in communication, but also to demonstrate competence. This paper will discuss how accents influence the perception of NNS as competent.
Given the argument for an ELF syllabus to aid international communication between NNS especially in business settings, this is a relevant issue.
Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written LanguageRyanBuer
This document discusses language varieties and registers. It defines varieties as variants of a language that can be distinguished based on social, historical, spatial or combined factors. Some varieties discussed include pidgins, creoles, regional dialects, minority dialects, and indigenized varieties. Registers refer to how language use varies based on social context, purpose, and audience. Five registers are defined - frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. Formal and informal language registers are then classified and rules or characteristics of each are provided.
This document is a sociolinguistics paper presented by Rizqi Akbarani to their lecturer, Mrs. Wiwin. The paper defines key sociolinguistic concepts such as language, speech events, speech acts, code switching, and code mixing. It discusses how language functions in society and is influenced by social and contextual factors. The paper aims to explain these sociolinguistic concepts and their relationships to increase understanding of linguistics and appropriate language use.
Sociolinguistics is the study of how language and society interact. A key concept is that we alter our language based on social factors like the setting, participants, and topic of conversation. Pidgins develop as languages of contact between groups without a shared language, using simplified grammar and vocabulary from the source languages. If a pidgin is passed down to children as their primary language, it becomes a creole, a fully developed language with its own complex linguistic system. Code-switching and code-mixing occur when multilingual speakers blend elements of multiple languages in a single conversation for reasons of identity, emphasis, or lack of a word in one language.
There is little research on typical speech development in Vietnamese children and those learning English as a second language. Three key characteristics were found in monolingual Vietnamese children with reported speech impairments: substitution of less complex sounds, substitution of more complex sounds, and velar backing. However, some backing is seen typically in Cantonese development. Distinguishing disorder from difference requires considering patterns atypical to both languages and the primary language intelligibility rating. Cultural factors are also important when assessing Vietnamese families.
This document provides information about Estefania Amairady Cabrera Morales' research translation project. The project involves translating the paper "Cultural Perspectives in Reading: Theory and Research" from English to Spanish. The paper discusses the connection between reading and culture from a research perspective. The translation will help Spanish teachers, scholars, and others interested in the topic who do not have a high level of English proficiency. Cabrera Morales outlines the objectives, significance, and literature review for the project, which will apply translation techniques from theorists to complete the translation.
This document discusses various barriers to communication and effective presentation skills. It identifies 4 main categories of communication barriers - linguistic barriers due to issues with common language, vague words, pronunciation differences, and lack of clarity. Physical barriers include noise, distance, time differences, and faulty technology. Psychological barriers are prejudice, attitudes, closed mindsets, and emotions. Social barriers involve community conflicts, relationships, age/gender, and organizational issues. Cross-cultural barriers arise from differences in norms, customs, values, and religions across cultures. The document also provides tips for effective presentations, including understanding your purpose and audience, collecting relevant information, selecting an appropriate medium like PowerPoint, and preparing cue cards or slides divided into sections like introduction, materials
Pidgins are contact languages that develop for communication between groups with no shared language. They are simplified mixtures of existing languages, prioritizing ease of learning over complete grammar. Pidgins form where trade or migration brings groups together, adopting vocabulary from dominant groups but syntax from subordinate ones. They lack morphology and replace inflections with separate words. Pidgins have their own structured rules and communities of users, making them independent languages rather than "bad varieties" of the languages they incorporate.
This document provides an introduction to phonological construction. It discusses cognitive phonology and the knowledge of linguistic sounds. Specifically, it addresses:
- Phonology is the study of the 'sound systems' of languages from a cognitive perspective.
- Knowing linguistic sounds involves both an articulatory plan (knowledge of how to produce sounds) and a perceptual/psycho-acoustic image (how sounds are identified through listening).
- Human communication uses audible carriers (sounds) to transmit thoughts from one mind to another. Spoken languages contain inventories of 'sound events' linked to meanings.
This document discusses language barriers and the challenges they pose to communication. It identifies several types of barriers, including differences in language proficiency, emotions, word choice, grammar/spelling, accents/dialects, technical jargon, and cultural differences. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and an inability to convey messages effectively. The document provides strategies to overcome language barriers, such as improving one's language skills, using visual aids and repetition, choosing simple language, frequently checking for understanding, and avoiding ambiguous words or idioms.
The document discusses how language may influence thought and behavior. It provides examples of how different languages categorize concepts like colors differently, using kinship terms to reflect cultural values, and acquiring communicative competence to understand social norms. While early studies by Whorf and Sapir supported the idea that language shapes thought, their work has also faced criticisms over questionable methodology. More recent experiments testing this Sapir-Whorf hypothesis have yielded mixed results.
Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language Jessa Marie Atillo
This document discusses varieties and registers of spoken and written language. It defines language, spoken language, and written language. It then defines varieties of language, including standard language and dialects. Standard language is used for public purposes or has undergone standardization, while dialects are regional or social varieties distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. Varieties include regional dialects, ethnolects, sociolects, and idiolects. The document also defines registers as styles of language appropriate for different audiences, topics, and situations. Examples of registers given are frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate.
The document discusses language development and dialects. It describes how language and culture are intertwined and how dialects vary regionally and socially in the United States. Challenges in assessing English language learners are outlined, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive evaluations. Instructional approaches for students with limited English proficiency, language differences, or learning disabilities are also reviewed.
The document discusses the benefits of multilingualism and using students' existing linguistic knowledge to facilitate learning English. It recommends teachers encourage students to reflect on their language experiences and backgrounds. An example activity has students list the languages they speak and how they use each language. This helps students gain insights into sociolinguistic concepts and enhances their language awareness.
This document discusses the various functions and roles of the English language. It begins by defining language and its purpose of communicating ideas. It then outlines the main functions of a language as instrumental, regulatory, interactional, and personal. Additionally, English serves as an international language, a link language that facilitates mobility between countries, a library language for accessing knowledge, a window onto other cultures of the west and east, a language for employment, trade, and science/technology. The document emphasizes how English has become a global language due to its widespread use in these many domains.
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics. It begins by defining sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and the social context in which it is used. It explains that sociolinguistics examines how people use language differently in various social settings and how language conveys social meaning. The document then discusses key topics in sociolinguistics, including language versus dialect, regional dialects, social dialects, and language variations based on style, register and social beliefs. It provides examples of how language usage varies based on social factors like region, socioeconomic class, gender, and education level.
This document discusses different perspectives on the concept of language. It contrasts the view of language in linguistics with more everyday understandings. In linguistics, language is studied through examining its universal properties, using both natural languages like English as well as artificial example languages. These artificial languages demonstrate properties like vocabulary, syntax and semantics. However, they lack meaningful relationships to the real world. Natural languages relate symbols to the world through truth conditions and can be used to make statements that are true or false. The document introduces the sociolinguistic perspective, which studies language use in its social contexts.
The document discusses the relationship between language and culture. It makes three key points:
1. Language and culture have a close, intertwined relationship where they influence each other. Culture can affect the structure and content of language, while language is also important for transmitting and preserving culture.
2. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language influences thought and worldview. While the strongest version that language determines thought has been disproven, it is widely accepted that language does have some influence on cognition.
3. Different cultures have different languages that reflect aspects of that culture. Physical environments, kinship systems, and other cultural domains can leave traces in a culture's vocabulary, pronunciation and meanings of words
Text Messaging: “Negative Behavioral Effects on Human”Stine Sehcliv
1. The document discusses the negative behavioral effects of text messaging on humans. It explores how excessive use of texting can negatively impact behavior over time.
2. Various types of text messages are classified that can influence behavior, such as advertisements, gossip, romance, and sexting. Negative behaviors developed from texting include disrespect, impatience, laziness, and lack of cooperation.
3. Dangers of texting include texting while driving, walking, eating, or in other unsafe situations. Excessive texting is linked to relationship issues, lower academic performance, and cheating. Overall, the document analyzes how the language and overuse of text messaging can gradually change human behavior for the worse
This document provides information about Estefania Amairady Cabrera Morales' translation research project. The project involves translating the paper "Cultural Perspectives in Reading: Theory and Research" from English to Spanish. The summary aims to make the research on the connection between culture and reading comprehension accessible to Spanish-speaking teachers and scholars. The translation will use techniques from various translation schools, including literal translation, transposition, modulation, and equivalence. The project aims to help Spanish readers by providing important information about reading that may help improve reading scores in Mexico.
Evaluating Attitudes towards Non-Native Speaker AccentsJonathan Nausner
In the discussion of English as Lingua Franca the question how a "good" or "bad" accent can influence the perception of the speaker as competent or incompetent is missing.
Kuo (2006:218) argues that English "is the language of which they [NNS, ed.] have to demonstrate a degree of mastery so as to win a place in education and employment in their own contexts and abroad".
So learning English is in most settings not just a matter of being intelligible and successful in communication, but also to demonstrate competence. This paper will discuss how accents influence the perception of NNS as competent.
Given the argument for an ELF syllabus to aid international communication between NNS especially in business settings, this is a relevant issue.
Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written LanguageRyanBuer
This document discusses language varieties and registers. It defines varieties as variants of a language that can be distinguished based on social, historical, spatial or combined factors. Some varieties discussed include pidgins, creoles, regional dialects, minority dialects, and indigenized varieties. Registers refer to how language use varies based on social context, purpose, and audience. Five registers are defined - frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. Formal and informal language registers are then classified and rules or characteristics of each are provided.
This document is a sociolinguistics paper presented by Rizqi Akbarani to their lecturer, Mrs. Wiwin. The paper defines key sociolinguistic concepts such as language, speech events, speech acts, code switching, and code mixing. It discusses how language functions in society and is influenced by social and contextual factors. The paper aims to explain these sociolinguistic concepts and their relationships to increase understanding of linguistics and appropriate language use.
Sociolinguistics is the study of how language and society interact. A key concept is that we alter our language based on social factors like the setting, participants, and topic of conversation. Pidgins develop as languages of contact between groups without a shared language, using simplified grammar and vocabulary from the source languages. If a pidgin is passed down to children as their primary language, it becomes a creole, a fully developed language with its own complex linguistic system. Code-switching and code-mixing occur when multilingual speakers blend elements of multiple languages in a single conversation for reasons of identity, emphasis, or lack of a word in one language.
There is little research on typical speech development in Vietnamese children and those learning English as a second language. Three key characteristics were found in monolingual Vietnamese children with reported speech impairments: substitution of less complex sounds, substitution of more complex sounds, and velar backing. However, some backing is seen typically in Cantonese development. Distinguishing disorder from difference requires considering patterns atypical to both languages and the primary language intelligibility rating. Cultural factors are also important when assessing Vietnamese families.
This document provides information about Estefania Amairady Cabrera Morales' research translation project. The project involves translating the paper "Cultural Perspectives in Reading: Theory and Research" from English to Spanish. The paper discusses the connection between reading and culture from a research perspective. The translation will help Spanish teachers, scholars, and others interested in the topic who do not have a high level of English proficiency. Cabrera Morales outlines the objectives, significance, and literature review for the project, which will apply translation techniques from theorists to complete the translation.
This document discusses various barriers to communication and effective presentation skills. It identifies 4 main categories of communication barriers - linguistic barriers due to issues with common language, vague words, pronunciation differences, and lack of clarity. Physical barriers include noise, distance, time differences, and faulty technology. Psychological barriers are prejudice, attitudes, closed mindsets, and emotions. Social barriers involve community conflicts, relationships, age/gender, and organizational issues. Cross-cultural barriers arise from differences in norms, customs, values, and religions across cultures. The document also provides tips for effective presentations, including understanding your purpose and audience, collecting relevant information, selecting an appropriate medium like PowerPoint, and preparing cue cards or slides divided into sections like introduction, materials
Pidgins are contact languages that develop for communication between groups with no shared language. They are simplified mixtures of existing languages, prioritizing ease of learning over complete grammar. Pidgins form where trade or migration brings groups together, adopting vocabulary from dominant groups but syntax from subordinate ones. They lack morphology and replace inflections with separate words. Pidgins have their own structured rules and communities of users, making them independent languages rather than "bad varieties" of the languages they incorporate.
This document provides an introduction to phonological construction. It discusses cognitive phonology and the knowledge of linguistic sounds. Specifically, it addresses:
- Phonology is the study of the 'sound systems' of languages from a cognitive perspective.
- Knowing linguistic sounds involves both an articulatory plan (knowledge of how to produce sounds) and a perceptual/psycho-acoustic image (how sounds are identified through listening).
- Human communication uses audible carriers (sounds) to transmit thoughts from one mind to another. Spoken languages contain inventories of 'sound events' linked to meanings.
This document discusses language barriers and the challenges they pose to communication. It identifies several types of barriers, including differences in language proficiency, emotions, word choice, grammar/spelling, accents/dialects, technical jargon, and cultural differences. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and an inability to convey messages effectively. The document provides strategies to overcome language barriers, such as improving one's language skills, using visual aids and repetition, choosing simple language, frequently checking for understanding, and avoiding ambiguous words or idioms.
The document discusses how language may influence thought and behavior. It provides examples of how different languages categorize concepts like colors differently, using kinship terms to reflect cultural values, and acquiring communicative competence to understand social norms. While early studies by Whorf and Sapir supported the idea that language shapes thought, their work has also faced criticisms over questionable methodology. More recent experiments testing this Sapir-Whorf hypothesis have yielded mixed results.
Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language Jessa Marie Atillo
This document discusses varieties and registers of spoken and written language. It defines language, spoken language, and written language. It then defines varieties of language, including standard language and dialects. Standard language is used for public purposes or has undergone standardization, while dialects are regional or social varieties distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. Varieties include regional dialects, ethnolects, sociolects, and idiolects. The document also defines registers as styles of language appropriate for different audiences, topics, and situations. Examples of registers given are frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate.
The document discusses language development and dialects. It describes how language and culture are intertwined and how dialects vary regionally and socially in the United States. Challenges in assessing English language learners are outlined, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive evaluations. Instructional approaches for students with limited English proficiency, language differences, or learning disabilities are also reviewed.
The document discusses the benefits of multilingualism and using students' existing linguistic knowledge to facilitate learning English. It recommends teachers encourage students to reflect on their language experiences and backgrounds. An example activity has students list the languages they speak and how they use each language. This helps students gain insights into sociolinguistic concepts and enhances their language awareness.
This document discusses the various functions and roles of the English language. It begins by defining language and its purpose of communicating ideas. It then outlines the main functions of a language as instrumental, regulatory, interactional, and personal. Additionally, English serves as an international language, a link language that facilitates mobility between countries, a library language for accessing knowledge, a window onto other cultures of the west and east, a language for employment, trade, and science/technology. The document emphasizes how English has become a global language due to its widespread use in these many domains.
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics. It begins by defining sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and the social context in which it is used. It explains that sociolinguistics examines how people use language differently in various social settings and how language conveys social meaning. The document then discusses key topics in sociolinguistics, including language versus dialect, regional dialects, social dialects, and language variations based on style, register and social beliefs. It provides examples of how language usage varies based on social factors like region, socioeconomic class, gender, and education level.
This document discusses different perspectives on the concept of language. It contrasts the view of language in linguistics with more everyday understandings. In linguistics, language is studied through examining its universal properties, using both natural languages like English as well as artificial example languages. These artificial languages demonstrate properties like vocabulary, syntax and semantics. However, they lack meaningful relationships to the real world. Natural languages relate symbols to the world through truth conditions and can be used to make statements that are true or false. The document introduces the sociolinguistic perspective, which studies language use in its social contexts.
The document discusses the relationship between language and culture. It makes three key points:
1. Language and culture have a close, intertwined relationship where they influence each other. Culture can affect the structure and content of language, while language is also important for transmitting and preserving culture.
2. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language influences thought and worldview. While the strongest version that language determines thought has been disproven, it is widely accepted that language does have some influence on cognition.
3. Different cultures have different languages that reflect aspects of that culture. Physical environments, kinship systems, and other cultural domains can leave traces in a culture's vocabulary, pronunciation and meanings of words
Kayo na bahala kung ano to hahahahahhahahahahhajonabelhervera
1. The document contains a test with multiple choice and true/false questions about language, culture, and society.
2. The test examines concepts such as defining features of culture, how culture is transmitted and learned, examples of non-verbal communication, and the relationship between language and culture.
3. The document also includes essay questions asking to explain the relationship between language and culture, language and society, and the correlation between language, culture, and society. It also asks to explain the concept that "grammatical complexity is not a measure of how effective a particular language is."
This document summarizes the key aspects of sociolinguistic research on language variation and social class. It discusses how social class can influence language use through sociolects. It describes William Labov's seminal study in New York City that correlated non-prevocalic /r/ usage with social class. The study found higher /r/ usage among higher social classes. It also outlines the typical stages of quantitative sociolinguistic research pioneered by Labov, including selecting variables, collecting speech samples, identifying linguistic variables, processing data, and interpreting results.
This document discusses language varieties. It begins by explaining that language is central to human communication and reflects aspects of identity and culture. There are different types of language varieties, including dialects, accents, registers, styles, code-switching, and diglossia. Dialects can be regional, based on geography, or social, based on factors like class. Accents refer to phonological distinctions that indicate where a speaker is from. The document then provides examples of regional dialects in Lombok and Bima in Indonesia, showing lexical variations. It also discusses characteristics of Bimanese and Sasaknese accents.
Sociolinguistics studies language in social context, rejecting the idea that language can be studied in isolation. It recognizes that languages have social functions and are socially evaluated. While all languages are complex systems of equal linguistic value, socially some languages have more value than others. Sociolinguistics examines how social factors like ethnicity, education and power relations influence language variation and variability between groups. It defines key concepts like the speech community and linguistic diversity to understand these relationships between language and society.
The document analyzes teenagers' use of acronyms on Facebook. It finds that teenagers often use acronyms when communicating on Facebook to shorten words, look cool, and share information briefly. The document examines five common acronyms used - BT (boring time), FYI (for your information), Fb (Facebook), Tq (thank you), and BB (Blackberry) - and analyzes their meanings and how teenagers use each acronym in different Facebook posts and comments.
This document is an assignment on linguistic and social inequality submitted to Sohail Falaksher by Waseem Azhar Gilany for their M.Phil Linguistics program. It discusses how linguistic choices made by speakers can reveal their social status and lead to linguistic and social inequality. It identifies three types of linguistic inequality: subjective inequality based on perceptions, linguistic inequality based on vocabulary knowledge, and communicative inequality based on language use skills. A major cause of linguistic inequality is identified as linguistic prejudice, where judgments are made about people based on how they speak. The document then examines different types of linguistic prejudice and how stereotypes further contribute to perceptions of social inequality.
The document discusses the concept of speech communities. It defines a speech community as a group of people who share similar language ideas, uses and norms. It notes that members of a speech community use language according to a set of shared norms and characteristics. The document outlines key elements of speech communities including population, area, facilities, identification and interaction. It also discusses sociolinguistic variables that can cause one to belong to one speech community and not another, such as age, social class, education and others.
This document discusses the concept and functions of language. It defines language as a system of communication consisting of sounds and symbols used by a particular group to communicate verbally or in writing. Language evolved over time to help humans survive and develop, emerging around 50,000-100,000 years ago. The document also examines the nature of language, explaining that it is learned, culture-specific to humans, and functions through a system of symbols. Finally, it outlines six functions of language proposed by Jakobson: referential, emotive, conative, phatic, poetic, and metalingual.
The document discusses the concept of speech communities. It defines a speech community as a group of people who share similar language ideas, uses and norms. It identifies key elements of speech communities including population, area, facilities, identification and interaction. Speech communities can be tight-knit or looser. People belong to multiple intersecting speech communities defined by factors like age, social class, education and more.
This document provides an overview of the relationships between language, thought, and culture from an applied linguistics perspective. It discusses key concepts like the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which suggests that the structure of a language influences the worldview of its speakers. While the strong version of linguistic relativity has been rejected, the document notes there is still an influence of language on thought. Research problems in applied linguistics are also examined, such as balancing description with prescription and addressing linguistic and educational concerns.
COMPLETE GUIDE ON HOW TO PREPARE A PROJECT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A LANG...Lauren Bradshaw
This document provides guidance on writing a project on the relationship between language and culture. It discusses defining a topic that interests the reader, organizing an engaging presentation with examples and visuals, and concluding effectively. Potential topics, thesis statements, and interesting facts about the connection between language and culture are also presented.
An Analysis of Word Formation Process in Everyday.docxMiaManayaga
This document provides an analysis of word formation processes used in Facebook posts by students at Bohol Island State University - Bilar Campus in the Philippines. It begins with introducing concepts of language and discusses how language allows for human communication. It then reviews related literature on social network theory and discusses how Facebook has become a popular social media platform. The document aims to identify the most common word formation methods used by students in their Facebook posts and understand the reasons behind using these methods.
This document provides an overview of anthropology and sociology. It defines anthropology as the study of humankind in all times and places using a holistic approach. The four main subfields of anthropology are discussed as archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Sociology is defined as focusing on group behavior and relations and social structures/institutions. Key differences between anthropology and sociology are that anthropology studies individual human behavior more while sociology focuses more on solving social problems. The document also covers definitions of language and communication, differences between the two, and functions of language.
This document discusses two methods for learning a foreign language: Livemocha, an online language learning community, and face-to-face interaction. It proposes researching these methods by having students in a Spanish class interact online with Livemocha or in person with native speakers over one semester. The study aims to understand which method provides more motivation, cultural awareness, vocabulary gains, and is preferred by students by analyzing chat logs, surveys, and pre/post vocabulary tests.
This document provides an overview of language variation and change from a sociolinguistic perspective. It discusses how small linguistic variations are determined by external social factors and can lead to language change over time. The field of sociolinguistics studies how social variables like class, gender, age, and style influence language use and the concept of linguistic variables. It also addresses topics like geographical language variation resulting from language contact.
Similar to The humanities through the artstenth editionlee a. jacobus (20)
In a two- to three-page paper (excluding the title and reference pag.docxrock73
In a two- to three-page paper (excluding the title and reference pages), explain the purpose of an income statement and how it reflects the firm’s financial status. Include important points that an analyst would use in assessing the financial condition of the company. Also, analyze Ford Motor Company’s income statement from its
2012 Annual Report
.
Your paper must be formatted according to APA style, and must include citations and references for the text and at least two scholarly sources.
.
In a substantial paragraph respond to either one of the following qu.docxrock73
In a substantial paragraph respond to either one of the following questions:
1.) Choose one source of energy, explain its origins, how does it impact our Earth, and what effect does it have on our planet?
OR
2.) Explain, with details, how geology influences the distribution of natural resources.
NO MINIMUM WORD LENGTH REQUIRED.
.
In a study by Dr. Sandra Levitsky, she considers why the economic,.docxrock73
In a study by Dr. Sandra Levitsky, she considers why the economic, physical, and emotional challenges of providing chronic care for a family member have not produced more salient political demands for aggressive policy intervention (Hudson, 2014).
Discuss her findings as well as your own theory on why there has not been a stronger demand from the public for policy intervention to assist caregivers.
Support your statements with evidence from the Required Studies and your research. Cite and reference your sources in APA style.
References
Hudson, R. (Ed). (2014).
The new politics of old age policy
(3rd ed.). Baltimore, John Hopkins.
.
In a response of at least two paragraphs, provide an explanation o.docxrock73
In a response of at least two paragraphs, provide an explanation of the steps you took to rewrite the Romantic poem you selected. Your explanation should point out at least three typically modernist qualities in your work with regard to elements such as
language, style, literary elements, and themes. Here, as an example, is a brief explanation of the modernist rewrite of the first stanza of Wordsworth
’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”:
.
in a minimum of 1000 words, describe why baseball is Americas past .docxrock73
in a minimum of 1000 words, describe why baseball is America's past time. As part of your paper you can share some of your memories of baseball. How did baseball mirror society(good and bad?) as a reflection of American society. Be sure to cite all of your sources and you must show direct evidence of integrating your textbook once per chapter as part of your final exam. Your paper should at include at least one resource from the library.
.
In a minimum 200 word response, describe some ways how the public .docxrock73
In a minimum 200 word response, describe some ways how the public has responded to the October 2001 USA Patriot Act. Has the public’s response been positive or negative? What are some pros and cons of the USA Patriot Act with the American public? Explain your answer.
Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2011, Pg. 213-214).
Police
. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.
.
In a weekly coordination meeting, several senior investigators from .docxrock73
Senior investigators from a state crime lab requested that AB Investigative Services create standard operating procedures for processing computer evidence, as recent investigators have not properly understood how computer data works and technical issues related to evidence processing. ABIS was asked to provide 4 general guidelines for processing evidence to ensure investigators follow standard procedures.
In a memo, describe 1) the form and style of art as well as 2) the e.docxrock73
In a memo, describe 1) the form and style of art as well as 2) the engineering phenomenon – a substantial paragraph for each. You will need to research both the art and engineering, so each section of the memo should include citations from credible sources.
i need to wrote two paragraph also incloude two citation for each one
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In a minimum 200 word response explain the problems that law enforce.docxrock73
In a minimum 200 word response explain the problems that law enforcement officials have faced regarding the issues of federal, state, and local jurisdictions attempting to intervene in tribal policing. How has this issue contributed to confusion and discontent with law enforcement? Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2011, Pg. 22-25). Police. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.
.
In a minimum 200 word response explain some of the reasons why, in.docxrock73
In a minimum 200 word response explain some of the reasons why, in the context of span of control, it is more beneficial to
limit the number of officers reporting to one supervisor.
What factors can affect how many employees are supervised at one time?
Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2011, Pg.
Pg. 35-40
).
Police
. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.
.
In a maximum of 750 words, you are required to1. Summarize the ar.docxrock73
In a maximum of 750 words, you are required to:
1. Summarize the article (include all necessary background information);
2. Identify, discuss and analyze the main issue covered in the article, making links to all secondary
issues, theories and concepts;
3. Critique the actions taken by management and the union, (i.e., what did each do particularly
well or poorly); and
4. Discuss how the event in the article affects the lives of people other than those in management
or the union
.
in a two- to- three page paper (not including the title and referenc.docxrock73
in a two- to- three page paper (not including the title and reference pages), explain how Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) would cause an increase in the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Your paper must be formatted according to APA Style and include at least two scholarly sources to support your assertions.
.
In a two- to three-page paper (not including the title and reference.docxrock73
A balance sheet shows a company's financial position at a point in time by listing its assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity. It reflects a company's financial status by indicating what it owns, owes, and the portion owned by shareholders. An analysis of Ford Motor Company's 2012 balance sheet from its Annual Report shows its assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at the end of 2012.
In a group, take a look at the two student essays included in this f.docxrock73
In a group, take a look at the two student essays included in this folder. For each of these essays: (1) outline the organization of the components, (2) label the components, (3) name the audience and purpose, (4) decide if you found the organization of the components to be effective, and if the components themselves were well written or poorly written. You'll type your notes into a Microsoft Word document, include the names of all group members, and then upload the document individually to your own iLearn dropbox.
.
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Develop a position paper on best practices for teaching English Learners. This paper should contain the student’s personal beliefs about and the best models to practice. Statements must be supported with research data. There must be at least THREE references. The textbook may serve as ONE reference (Education English Learners for a Transformed World) The paper must be typed using APA style, double spaced, and with a title page and a reference page. The paper should be no less than three pages in length.
The positon paper: why two way is the best method in Bilingual Education
1) Please explain the components of the Prism Model and why these components are important in creating a welcoming school that promotes success for English Learners.
2) There have been many programs and ideas in the US Public schools for how best to serve English Learners and close the gap between those who enter school speaking English and those who have to learn English along the way.
Following is a list of Bilingual Education Models that have been tried. According to the text book and the research of Virginia Collier and Wayne Thomas, please rate the following programs from 1-6 with 1 being the most effective program for student success and 6 being the least effective program for learning English:
__________Maintenance Bilingual Ed., Self-Contained
__________Transitional Bilingual Ed.
__________One-way Dual Language
__________Pull-out Bilingual Ed.
__________Two-way Dual Language
__________Enrichment Bilingual Education (30 min. per day)
The following programs are designed for ELs who do not live in an area where bilingual ed. is available or do not qualify for bilingual education due to the language they speak. Please rate the following ESL programs on a scale of 1-4 with 1 being the most successful way to teach English and 4 being the least effective program:
__________ESL Pull-out
__________Sheltered Instruction in the regular classroom
__________Total emersion with no language support
__________English enrichment, 30 minutes per day, by classroom teacher
3) Please explain the difference between a 50/50 model and a 90/10 model of Dual Language Education.
4) Why does 2-way Dual Language Education usually have better results than 1-way Dual Language Education?
5) In order to have an effective Dual Language program, there are two important things teachers should not do. What are they?
6) What does it mean to see other cultures not as a deficit but as a difference? Why is this idea important to your classroom?
7) We are required to have many formal assessments in our educational curriculum. However, informal assessment can be much more informative to the teacher of language learners. Please explain why Informal Assessments might be a better way for the teacher to know the true level of the student.
...
Based on Santa Clara University Ethics DialogueEthics .docxrock73
Based on Santa Clara University Ethics Dialogue
Ethics case studies
This is an extra credit assignment that I am offering for the first time this term. In this booklet, you will find 38 separate case studies. You are free to respond to any or all of these cases.
You may earn up to 5 extra credit points per question, based on the complexity of the case and the logic of your response. You may not earn more than 100 points (10 percent of your final grade).
You may find it helpful to read the paper “Four Tough Ethical Dilemmas” prior to responding.
While these are your opinions, citations are not expected; however, if you make use of the work of others, include APA style citations for complete credit.
Either cut and paste the cases you select to a separate file or use this file for your submission. If you use this file to submit a response, please delete those cases to which you are not responding.
Dr. Frick
Case 1: Family Loyalty vs. Meritocracy
A man was appointed president of the newly-acquired Philippine subsidiary of a large American company. He was reviewing the organization with the company's head of human resources. One thing the president noted was that the same names reoccurred frequently in several departments. "It is our tradition," commented the HR head. "Families take care of their own. If one family member gets a good job in a Philippine company, other members of the family apply to join that company and the first member there can help the whole family become successful by helping them get hired and by coaching them to be successful. The company benefits. Our costs of recruiting are lower, we know more about the people we hire, and the commitment to family success results in fewer performance and discipline problems because family members want to please their older relatives."
The president wondered how these practices would be regarded in a large American firm, and whether or not he should take action to change them.
1. Nepotism is not illegal, but is it ethical?
2. If the business is family-owned, does that make a difference?
3. How does national culture affect this discussion?
Case 2: Is the Two-Tier System Ethically Problematic
Employees at a cereal makers plant were “locked-out” from their jobs producing cereal for over 3 months. Company management and the union representing the employees reached a stalemate in negotiations resulting in the lockout. The union claims that the primary issue is the company’s demand of dramatically increasing the number of temporary workers, who would earn $6 less per hour and receive fewer benefits. Critics claim this effectively creates a two-tier system at the plant. Under the current agreement, the company may use temporary workers for up to 30% of the workforce, but the union claims the company is now pushing for 100%. The workers, who have had their health insurance suspended, fear that their jobs will either be replaced entirely by temporary workers, or they will be f ...
Barbara Corcoran Learns Her Heart’s True Desires In her.docxrock73
Barbara Corcoran Learns Her Heart’s True Desires
In her hilarious and lighthearted book, Shark Tales: How I Turned $1,000 Into a
Billion Dollar Business, Barbara Corcoran demonstrates the importance of knowing what
you really want out of life (Corcoran & Littlefield, 2011). As her title suggests, Barbara
founded her real estate company, The Corcoran Group, with only $1,000 and some big
dreams. Shortly after founding the company, Barbara took out a piece of paper and wrote
down some big goals for herself and the company. In 1978, she had only 14 sales agents
working for her, who earned a total of $250,000 in commissions. She set a goal of
doubling the number of agents and the commissions every year. So she put down 28 sales
people for 1979, 56 for 1980, and so on, all the way up to 1,792 salespeople in 1985 with
total commissions of $32,000,000. Barbara was amazed when she saw the fantastic sums
projected for 1985, and of course many people, when they see such amazing sums, would
dismiss the calculations as fantasy But as Barbara put it, she went to work the next day
hustling hard for her $32 million.
Real estate agents are paid largely by commission, which is about as close as you
can get to a pure form of contingent reward for performance. However, Barbara didn’t
rely solely on the commissions to motivate her workers. She threw theme parties and held
numerous social events to build a committed workforce. Good sales agents could always
move to another firm, but not every firm had Barbara’s positive attitude and fun-filled
atmosphere. In the early years of the firm, when money was tight, Barbara and her
relatives did the cooking for the outings and parties, and she found clever ways to
entertain people with skating parties and other lively activities. As the firm became larger
and more profitable, she even hired professional entertainers for the company’s midweek
picnics, which included elephant shows, daring rides on hot air balloons, horses, or
Harley Davidsons, etc. Barbara stated “I built my company on pure fun, and believe that
fun is the most underutilized motivational tool in business today. All of my best ideas
came when I was playing outside the office with the people I worked with” (Corcoran &
Littlefield, 2011, p. 283). What did she get in return for the fun atmosphere? She had the
“most profitable real estate company per person in the United States” (p. 284). By the
time she sold her agency in 2001, she had 1,000 agents working for her, and she had the
largest real estate agency in New York – clearly her motivational strategies attracted a
large number of productive employees.
Barbara Corcoran had sold her firm for $66 million. She thought that would make
her happy, but instead, it made her sad. Although she pretended to be happy with her new
wealth and freedom, she was “secretly miserable” (Corcoran & Littlefield, 2011, p. 232).
She had lost her purpose ...
This document provides context and summaries about Bapsi Sidhwa's novel Cracking India and Deepa Mehta's film adaptation Earth. It discusses the characters and plot of Earth, focusing on the abduction of Ayah. It analyzes themes in the novel like the child narrator, fallen women, masculinity, and the metaphor of India cracking. It also discusses the film adaptation and historical context of violence against women during the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan, including government estimates of abductions.
Barriers of therapeutic relationshipThe therapeutic relations.docxrock73
Barriers of therapeutic relationship:
The therapeutic relationship between patient and nurse is often filled with barriers that can generate obstacles for the relationship and, in the end, the health system as a whole (Sfoggia et al.,2014). There are many factors that hinder building a therapeutic relationship: language, professional jargon, communication impairment, and cultural diversity (ibid).
Language:
Language can be an obstacle to nurse-patient communication because a patient may not be able to speak the same language and therefore communication is not possible (Levin,2006). The best way to overcome this barrier is providing a translator who can explain a professional facilitator's message easily to the patient(ibid). For instance, if the nurse only speaks English but the patient is only able to speak Arabic, a translation to the patient of what the professional facilitator is saying leads to less chance of misunderstanding (ibid). Translation also allows a patient to feel comfortable through being able to speak in their own language (ibid).
Medical jargon:
Jargon is a technical language that is comprehended by people in a specific industry or area of work (Leblanc et al.,2014). Health professionals often use jargon to communicate with each other(ibid). For example, T.B. disease stands for tubercle bacillus and HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus (Mccrary & Christensen,1993). Jargon often makes sense to health professionals but a patient who does not understand these acronyms will not understand such communication, leading to a barrier in therapeutic relationship between patient and health professional (Leblanc et al.,2014).
Communication impairment:
Patients with communication impairment such as blindness, deafness and speech impairment often feel isolated, frustrated and self-conscious (O’Halloran et al.,2009). Some patients are born with such disabilities or have developed them as a result of disease (ibid). Therefore, nurses should provide enough time in order to describe any issue to such patients so that they do not feel uncomfortable or censured by health professionals, who must remain impartial (ibid).
Cultural diversity:
Patients often have various differences (Leblanc et al.,2014).Some of these differences are due to a patient's illness, social status, economic class, education and personality(ibid). However, according to Kirkham (1998), the deepest differences might be cultural diversity. Beheri (2009) points out that many nurses believe if they just treat patients with respect, they will avoid most cultural issues. Nevertheless, avoiding misunderstanding can be achieved through some knowledge of cultural customs, which might help and enable nurses to provide better health care to patients (ibid).
Facilitators of therapeutic relationship:
UNCRPD (2006) states that the most fundamental human right in hospital is communication. Patients are required to be provided with an effective communication method by nurs ...
Barada 2Mohamad BaradaProfessor Andrew DurdinReligions of .docxrock73
Barada 2
Mohamad Barada
Professor Andrew Durdin
Religions of the World Hum 201-02
March 23rd, 2018
References:
1. Rachel. Rachel’s Musings: Buddhism is a Religion. Retrieved from https://www.rabe.org/thoughts-on-buddhism/buddhism-is-a-religion/
2. Winfield, Pamela. The Conversation: Why so many Americans think Buddhism is just a philosophy. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/why-so-many-americans-think-buddhism-is-just-a-philosophy-89488
Critical Analysis of the religious nature of Buddhism
The religious community often debates on whether Buddhism is categorized as a religion or as philosophical teaching. The answer to the question varies depending on an individual’s point of view. There are three main types of Buddhism practices across the world with each of them having smaller branches with slights variances in their teachings and beliefs. The different styles of Buddhist mainly encompass Theravada Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism, and Mahayana Buddhism. The various forms often have deities that are worshipped while others do not. Some often have scriptures while others do not usually believe in any physical form of the Buddhist teachings. The first article is authored by Rachel, a blogger, presenting the argument that Buddhism is a religion (Rachel, 1). On the other hand, the second article authored by Pamela Winfield recognizes Buddhism as a philosophy. Analyzing and comparing the two pieces having divergent views on the religious nature of Buddhism is crucial for understanding whether it is a religion or philosophy.
Summary of the articles
Rachel in her article considers Buddhism as a religion. The author acknowledges the fact that Mahayana Buddhism which is often found in greater part of Asia that includes Japan, Korea, and China often teaches on attaining enlightenment (Rachel, 1). The Mahayana often accept that every individual wishes to ensure the effective attainment of enlightenment and thus end the cycle of rebirth which others recognize as “Karma.” The article proceeds to state that Buddha is the greatest of the deities but is not worshipped. Instead, Buddha often inspires all those who practice doing as he once did. The author states that Buddhism often requires that the individuals that choose the wrong path attempt to re-accomplish these tasks in their next life alongside other punishments imposed on them by karma. The characteristics of this type of Buddhism thus often play a significant role in showing the religious nature of Buddhism. The author concludes by stating that Buddhism often contains all the different elements of a religion. Moreover, the article associates Buddhism with fallacies that characterize other religions and just as dangerous as other religions as well. A quote proves the claim on the dangerous nature of Buddhism that the author uses to summarize the teachings of Buddhism.
On the other hand, Winfield tends to focus on enlightening the readers on some of the aspects of Buddhism that ensures its a ...
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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7. English Research Topics.
The first topic of interest to be researched in this case is
language and advertising. This language and advertising issue
are the most common in the recent world because of increased
business adverts. This means that language is being used mostly
when it comes to adverts. This brings in the main motive of
what is being researched in this case when it comes to language
and advert. So the main thing that is being in this paper is the
issue of how the language is being used in advertising. Since
most people usually do use bad languages when it comes to
research.
The reasons this research topic has been selected are so many.
The first reason has been mentioned above about the issue of
advertising. Over the past recent years, social media has
increased when advertising has increased. This is alarming
because children are also engaged in social media. When
adverts that are using offensive languages are being advertised
on social media, it will be misleading to them. (Website Design
Warwick | Digital Marketing Warwick | Formation Media,
2021). Another issue is that when the language that is not
grammatically correct is being used in adverts, it will also mean
that most people will be affected and start using grammatically
wrong languages.
The people or rather the participants involved in this topic are a
few people from the media, or rather the media personnel. This
is because these are the people that come up with the adverts.
Another group of participants will be the people who are
watching the adverts. These are the people who are being by
8. everything in the adverts, including the languages used in the
adverts, which means that they should be able to give their view
on how languages and adverts affect them. After the research,
the thing that should be done is to try and change the languages
being used in adverts.
The second topic of interest to be discussed is language and
community as a topic. Language is an essential factor when it
comes to our daily leaving. Without language, then it won't be
easy to pass communication between each other. Language is
the main thing that brings or rather builds a community together
in everything that they do. The same language can also be used
to create trouble between communities. (The Importance of
Language for Your Community - Higher Logic, 2021).
Language can also be defined as the main principle method of
human communication, or rather the communication is the only
thing that makes communication between each other possible.
The language can either be conveyed through writing or even
speaking or rather talking inform of speech.
The main motive for the research on language and community,
in this case, was first to explain or rather find the evidence on
how the language helps people in the community in a very big
way. Though it is already evident that language helps every
community is really of great help, it is also still very important
to bring out all the importance. In this way, people will be able
to understand and respect language. Another main motive for
the research on language and community is that people should
start using respectful language within the community. Doing
this will promote respect between people in a community in
terms of language. This will be possible since the research will
be able to identify the respectful language that will be sued by
everyone in the community.
The main participants for this topic will generally be everyone
willing to participate in the community. These people will be
able to be administered questionnaires containing everything
about language and community. Once this is done, the research
will be able to develop the best language to be used within a
9. specific community.
The third topic of interest that should be researched is the topic
of language and cultural identity. Yes, different cultures have
indeed got their own to be easily identified with. These cultures
with different languages are so many, and each culture should
be able to identify their members, mostly using the language
they speak in that particular culture. This can sometimes bring
problems and even fights between cultures because of the same
words in a language between different cultures. Still, they all
carry different meanings, which brings out the misunderstanding
between all these different cultures.
The main motive or rather the first reason why this topic of
language and culture is of priority in this research is that there
is a very big need to find if language can identify one culture
most effectively truly. Another main motive of the research was
to find out all the similar words between different communities.
Once that was done, each culture will define the words and see
if they mean something offensive among different cultures. (The
Relationship between Language and Culture Defined, 2021).
This way, the issue of misunderstandings within cultures will be
avoided. The main participants of this research will first be
individuals from different cultures. This person will give the
required information regarding their cultures once needed. The
other group of participants will be random people from the
streets who are willing to participate. This person will speak
any language that they know. After they are identified in their
cultures according to the language, they will see if it’s accurate.
Finally, after this topic, the main topic that I will continue with
for the rest of the term is dealing with language and culture.
This particular topic has been selected because the topic has got
several contents to be researched on, and it is quite interesting.
There is also a big need in the community to be researched.
Reference
Formation Media. 2021. Website Design Warwick | Digital
10. Marketing Warwick | Formation Media. [online] Available at:
<https://formationmedia.co.uk/blog/language-in-advertising-
understanding-its-use/> [Accessed 17 January 2021].
Higher Logic. 2021. The Importance Of Language For Your
Community - Higher Logic. [online] Available at:
<https://www.higherlogic.com/blog/the-importance-of-
language-for-your-
community/#:~:text=Developing%20a%20shared%20language%
20builds,community%20behavior%20with%20positive%20langu
age.> [Accessed 17 January 2021].
Day Translations Blog. 2021. The Relationship Between
Language And Culture Defined. [online] Available at:
<https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/language-and-
culture/#:~:text=Language%20and%20culture%20are%20intertw
ined,without%20accessing%20its%20language%20directly.>
[Accessed 17 January 2021].
Research and Report Writing
In the previous class assessment, I chose language and culture
as the research area I would like to do. Language and culture
are an area of interest. As I had discussed earlier, language and
culture are two different things. Language is a method/
principal that human beings use during communication. Culture
is basically the norms and customs of a particular group of
people or a society. Language is one of the elements in a
culture. The connection language and culture are intertwined.
Language is a key thing in distinguishing a particular group of
people. Language is also the key point of accessing any other
culture. If you start learning another language, it means that you
are getting attached to that particular culture.
The main objective of this paper is to find out the relationship
between culture and language. There are different types of
11. relationships between the both. According to (Kim, 2018) There
are different types of communication within a culture or rather
the society. One of the languages is the paralanguage.
Paralanguage is a “non-lexical component of communication by
speech. Examples are intonation, pitch and speed of speaking,
hesitation noises, gestures and facial expressions. In each
culture/ community, they have the basic gestures they make. All
these gestures have a meaning”. This is according to Oxford
dictionary.
You may find cases where different cultures have the same
gesture but the meaning is different. We learn all these gestures,
expressions and intonations from the people we grow up
together. The language is a one unifying tool in all the cultures.
As I said earlier, the paralanguage varies in different cultures.
You may find gesture that in a particular community it
welcomes people while in another community the same gesture
language causes misunderstandings. This may even cause to rise
of ethnic groups.
According to (Sharifan,2014) paralanguage includes the speed
of speaking, intonations and so many other factors as I had
discussed, if a person is bilingual, that is speaks more than one
language, the person must have noticed the difference between
the two languages. You will notice changes in the speed at
which you are talking. Some language uses a high speed while
others are just neutral. According to (Swiderski, 2013) There
are those languages that even if you don’t understand, you feel
the speed at which the people talk. Such language is not easier
to learn if you are from a different culture. There is then the
language whose speed is just neutral. These languages are easier
to learn and understand Sharifan Explains.
There is a homologous connection between the language and
culture. This has led to the phrase; “language is culture and
culture is language”. This is according to Swiderski, Language
and culture developed a very long time ago. They were
developed even before people could learn how to write. The
12. connection between language and culture is so strong in that if
you don’t know one you can’t know the other. In a wide sense,
to learn the customs of the other culture one must learn and
understand the language of that particular culture. Without
knowing the language, one cannot understand culture. The
relationship is vice versa. Knowing the customs of a culture
without learning their language is senseless. Both language and
culture have a very strong bond between them.
According to (Jiang, 2020) Language and culture have different
effects on how think. Taking a look at a person who was born in
Germany and grew up there, this particular person has different
perceptions of other languages. German person will not think
the same as a Chinese person. The thinking process of these two
persons is affected by the culture.
Contrary to what Jiang had said (Battiste,2020) believes that the
views of a person towards other culture are not impacted by
how we think. Most of the times, the differences are brought
about by the various practices within the culture. Both are from
different culture and view things differently. According to Jiang
Just as the language affects the thinking process, the same way
culture affects the way you perceive your surroundings.
Nowadays the intercultural religions are affected by the
language of different people. This is according to (Hojjier,
2016). Unlike the olden days when transport was not so much
developed, nowadays, people can leave their homes and travel
to different cultures for vacation or even short term stay. People
who go to visit other countries find people who are using
different language from them. The concept behind language and
culture reveals itself in this case.
This case shows how a foreigner may have difficulties trying to
communicate with the people around them. According to
(Kramsch, 2014) the two people will experience
miscommunication as no one understands the other. Though
they may use gestures, remember as I had said earlier, gestures
have different meaning in different culture.
13. The transmission mode of both language and culture is the
same. According to (Elmes, 2017) language is transmitted to a
person on their birth. Although these kids are not able to talk,
they can learn the gestures from the people near them. As they
grow up, they learn their first language from their guardians and
the people near them. They are then taken to classes where they
are taught the deep language of their society.
Just the same way, culture is not taught to the people and also
the people learn the basic customs from the people near them.
In short, we would say, both culture and language are inherited.
Born ids need not be taught the basic customs and practices of a
society because they can see what the people are doing and
copy.
Language sometimes may differ from people in the same area.
This is impacted by social, geographical and functional factors.
This is according to (Shanahan, 2017) Geographical differences
may arise in the area. For example, people form the east may
not have the same language from the people in the western who
are in the same geographical area. Some of the social
differences that impact languages are age, gender, and
occupation. It is so common that youths have their language
which differ from the aged people in the same areas.
The male gender may also have their language which the female
gender will not understand. These are just but a few factors that
affect language. Despite the differences that arise from the
language used by the people, culture unifies all these people.
The people are in the same area and therefore they share the
same cultural practices and believes. Culture is a unifying
subject amongst all the people of the same cultural area.
In conclusion, in a research conducted on Iran and USA,
Hoffman said that Culture and language are the basic and
common part of our living. There may be so many differences
that exist amongst people due to their personalities and
identities but culture unites us all. The Language we share
14. amongst ourselves also unites us.
References
Battiste, M. (2020). Language and culture in modern society.
Reclaiming Indigenous voice and vision, 192-208.
Elmes, D. (2017). The relationship between language and
culture. Annals of Fitness and Sports Sciences, 46(3), 11-18.
Hoffman, D. M. (1989). Language and culture acquisition
among Iranians in the United States. Anthropology & Education
Quarterly, 20(2), 118-132.
Hoijer, H. E. (2016). Language in culture; conference on the
interrelations of language and other aspects of culture.
Jiang, W. (2020). The relationship between culture and
language. ELT journal, 54(4), 328-334.
Kim, L. S. (2018). Exploring the relationship between language,
culture and identity. GEMA Online® Journal of Language
Studies, 3(2).
Kramsch, C. (2014). Language and culture. AILA review, 27(1),
30-55.
Shanahan, D. (2017). Articulating the relationship between
language, literature, and culture: Toward a new agenda for
foreign language teaching and research. The Modern Language
Journal, 81(2), 164-174.
Sharifian, F. (Ed.). (2014). The Routledge handbook of
language and culture. Routledge.
Swiderski, R. M. (1993). Teaching Language, Learning Culture.