BASEBALLRuns Scored (X)Wins (Y)7086987590654797048078795730716678661963867976457455667707918559674381731946418965471735797357361556 Develop a position paper on best practices for teaching English Learners. This paper should contain the student’s personal beliefs about and the best models to practice. Statements must be supported with research data. There must be at least THREE references. The textbook may serve as ONE reference (Education English Learners for a Transformed World) The paper must be typed using APA style, double spaced, and with a title page and a reference page. The paper should be no less than three pages in length. The positon paper: why two way is the best method in Bilingual Education 1) Please explain the components of the Prism Model and why these components are important in creating a welcoming school that promotes success for English Learners. 2) There have been many programs and ideas in the US Public schools for how best to serve English Learners and close the gap between those who enter school speaking English and those who have to learn English along the way. Following is a list of Bilingual Education Models that have been tried. According to the text book and the research of Virginia Collier and Wayne Thomas, please rate the following programs from 1-6 with 1 being the most effective program for student success and 6 being the least effective program for learning English: __________Maintenance Bilingual Ed., Self-Contained __________Transitional Bilingual Ed. __________One-way Dual Language __________Pull-out Bilingual Ed. __________Two-way Dual Language __________Enrichment Bilingual Education (30 min. per day) The following programs are designed for ELs who do not live in an area where bilingual ed. is available or do not qualify for bilingual education due to the language they speak. Please rate the following ESL programs on a scale of 1-4 with 1 being the most successful way to teach English and 4 being the least effective program: __________ESL Pull-out __________Sheltered Instruction in the regular classroom __________Total emersion with no language support __________English enrichment, 30 minutes per day, by classroom teacher 3) Please explain the difference between a 50/50 model and a 90/10 model of Dual Language Education. 4) Why does 2-way Dual Language Education usually have better results than 1-way Dual Language Education? 5) In order to have an effective Dual Language program, there are two important things teachers should not do. What are they? 6) What does it mean to see other cultures not as a deficit but as a difference? Why is this idea important to your classroom? 7) We are required to have many formal assessments in our educational curriculum. However, informal assessment can be much more informative to the teacher of language learners. Please explain why Informal Assessments might be a better way for the teacher to know the true level of the student. ...

1. BASEBALLRuns Scored (X)Wins
(Y)70869875906547970480787957307166786619638679764574
55667707918559674381731946418965471735797357361556
Develop a position paper on best practices for teaching
English Learners. This paper should contain the student’s
personal beliefs about and the best models to practice.
Statements must be supported with research data. There must be
at least THREE references. The textbook may serve as ONE
reference (Education English Learners for a Transformed
World) The paper must be typed using APA style, double
spaced, and with a title page and a reference page. The paper
should be no less than three pages in length.
The positon paper: why two way is the best method in Bilingual
Education
1) Please explain the components of the Prism Model and why
these components are important in creating a welcoming school
that promotes success for English Learners.
2) There have been many programs and ideas in the US Public
schools for how best to serve English Learners and close the
gap between those who enter school speaking English and those
who have to learn English along the way.
Following is a list of Bilingual Education Models that have
been tried. According to the text book and the research of
Virginia Collier and Wayne Thomas, please rate the following
programs from 1-6 with 1 being the most effective program for
student success and 6 being the least effective program for
learning English:
__________Maintenance Bilingual Ed., Self-Contained
__________Transitional Bilingual Ed.
__________One-way Dual Language

2. __________Pull-out Bilingual Ed.
__________Two-way Dual Language
__________Enrichment Bilingual Education (30 min. per day)
The following programs are designed for ELs who do not live in
an area where bilingual ed. is available or do not qualify for
bilingual education due to the language they speak. Please rate
the following ESL programs on a scale of 1-4 with 1 being the
most successful way to teach English and 4 being the least
effective program:
__________ESL Pull-out
__________Sheltered Instruction in the regular classroom
__________Total emersion with no language support
__________English enrichment, 30 minutes per day, by
classroom teacher
3) Please explain the difference between a 50/50 model and a
90/10 model of Dual Language Education.
4) Why does 2-way Dual Language Education usually have
better results than 1-way Dual Language Education?
5) In order to have an effective Dual Language program, there
are two important things teachers should not do. What are
they?
6) What does it mean to see other cultures not as a deficit but
as a difference? Why is this idea important to your classroom?
7) We are required to have many formal assessments in our
educational curriculum. However, informal assessment can be
much more informative to the teacher of language learners.
Please explain why Informal Assessments might be a better way
for the teacher to know the true level of the student.
8) Please identify the following assessments as:

3. Formal, Informal, Authentic, Pre-Assessment,Formative,
Summative, Standardized or Language Assessment.
You can use more than one assessment type in each space---
An interview with a
student_______________________________________________
__
A science
experiment___________________________________________
___________
The
WIDA_______________________________________________
_______________
A mid-term
exam________________________________________________
_________
Teacher
observation___________________________________________
____________
A
Portfolio_____________________________________________
_________________
Having students design a
game_______________________________________________
The Tic Tac Tell activity
___________________________________________________
An oral presentation
_____________________________________________________
__
The PARCC
Test_________________________________________________
________
A survey to see what students know about a
topic________________________________
This
exam________________________________________________

4. _______________
9) In class we participated in a scaffolding activity in which we
wrote Hai Ku poetry. Why would scaffolding, as we did it in
class, be good for any subject area, such as math, for helping
kids to learn a concept?
10) Chapter 8 in the text suggests 12 recommended actions for
improving schools. Please comment on Action 8 by explaining
what it means, how it can be accomplished, and why it is
important for English Learners.
THE SCENARIO: You are the General Manager of a Major
League baseball team. As the trading deadline approaches you
must decide whether to trade for power or pitching. The first
step is to gather some inferential statistics about the number of
wins achieved by Major League teams. You also wish to
determine if the number of runs a team scores is useful for
predicting the number of games it wins in a season.
THE DATA: The runs scored and wins of 20 randomly selected
Major League teams from the past decade are contained in the
file: BASEBALL.xlsx, located in Session 15. For linear
regression, the X-variable is the number of runs scored, and the
Y-variable is the number of wins.
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all the questions below. All
calculations must be performed with Excel or PHStat. Attach
Excel or PHStat output where indicated. You will receive zero
credit for any answer lacking the required Excel or PHStat
output.
ROUND OFF ALL CALCULATIONS TO AT LEAST FOUR
DECIMAL PLACES. Highlight the cells with output where
decimal places need setting. Then use the “Increase Decimal”
tool on Excel’s Home/Number menu. If you have problems

5. obtaining the required decimal places, contact me.
1. Find the mean and standard deviation of the sample WINS:
[4 POINTS]
PASTE EXCEL DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS BELOW.
Sample Mean: ____________
Sample Standard deviation: _____________
2. Assume that the population is normally distributed, but the
population standard deviation is not known. [8 POINTS]
(a) Use your sample data to find a 95% confidence interval for
the true mean number of wins for all Major League teams:
PASTE PHSTAT OUTPUT BELOW:

6. (b) State the margin of error of the confidence interval:
______________
(c) How can you increase the precision of this confidence
interval, without changing the sample size?
3. Assume that the population standard deviation is 10 and
assume the population is approximately normally distributed.
Find the sample size that would be required to determine a 95%
confidence interval if we want to be within 3 games of the true
mean. That is, we want the margin of error, e, to not exceed 3
games. [4 POINTS]
PASTE PHSTAT OUTPUT BELOW
4. Using your sample data, conduct a hypothesis test at the
alpha = 0.05 significance level. You may assume that the
population standard deviation is not known and that the
population is approximately normally distributed. [14 POINTS
Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean number of
wins for all teams is more than 75?
(a) PASTE PHSTAT OUTPUT BELOW:
(b) Using the critical value approach: State the conclusion of
the hypothesis test and the reason for the conclusion.

7. (c) Using the p-value approach: State the conclusion of the
hypothesis test and the reason for the conclusion.
(d) Assume that the null hypothesis is true. What is the
probability of obtaining a test statistic equal to or more extreme
than the one generated by the hypothesis test?
(e) Will the conclusion of the hypothesis test be different if
alpha is changed to 0.10 (while all other inputs remain the
same)? Explain the reason why or why not.
5. Suppose it is known that 12 out of the 20 teams in the sample
had a season winning percentage no better than 0.500. [8
POINTS]
(a) Find a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion of all
teams that had a season winning percentage no better than
0.500.
PASTE PHSTAT OUTPUT BELOW:
(b) What is your opinion of the precision of this confidence

8. interval? Give a reason for your answer.
6. Assuming that we have no way to estimate the population
proportion, find the sample size that would be required to
determine a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion of
all teams that have a season winning percentage better than
0.500. We want to be within 0.10 of the true population
proportion, that is, we want the margin of error, e, to not exceed
0.10. [4 POINTS]
PASTE PHSTAT OUTPUT BELOW
LINEAR REGRESSION – Use the sample to complete this
section. Remember, the X variable is NUMBER OF RUNS
SCORED, and the Y variable is NUMBER OF WINS.
7. PASTE A SCATTER PLOT BELOW: [4 POINTS]

9. 8. Perform the regression analysis using PHSTAT and PASTE
THE PRINTOUT BELOW: [4 POINTS]
9. Interpreting the regression output. [18 POINTS]
PLEASE NOTE: You must give answers that are specific to
this regression model. For example, do not say that the
regression equation is: ; that is the generic regression
equation. You need to write the equation that expresses the
relationship between RUNS SCORED, and WINS. Be equally
specific in your other answers.
i. State the regression equation:
____________________________________
ii. Explain the exact meaning of the slope of the regression
equation:

10. iii. Explain the exact meaning of the y-intercept of the
regression equation:
iv. State the standard error of the estimate, and explain its
exact meaning:
v. State the coefficient of determination, and explain its exact
meaning:
vi. Predict the number of wins for a team that scores 670 runs
(round off to the nearest integer). _______________
10. Using the Excel printout from Question 8, test the null
hypothesis that there is no linear relationship between X and Y.
Test at alpha = 0.05 significance level.
[8 POINTS]
i. State the null hypothesis: _______________________
ii. State the alternate hypothesis: ___________________
iii. Test result and reason for test result __________________

11. iv. Assume that the null hypothesis is true. What is the
probability of obtaining a test statistic equal to or more extreme
than the one shown in the regression output?
11. [10 POINTS]
(a) PASTE RESIDUAL PLOT BELOW:
(b) From the residual plot, do you think that the two
regression assumptions listed below are satisfied? Give the
reason for your conclusion.
Linearity: ___________________________________
Reason: ____________________________________
Equal Variance: ______________________________
Reason: ____________________________________
12. [6 POINTS]

12. (a) PASTE A NORMAL PROBABILITY PLOT OF
RESIDUALS BELOW:
(b) From the normal probability plot, do you think the
normality assumption for regression is satisfied? Give the
reason for your conclusion.
13. Determine 95% confidence and prediction intervals for X =
670. [4 POINTS]
PASTE PHSTAT OUTPUT BELOW:
14. Typically, the first assessment of how well a regression
model predicts is based on R square (the coefficient of
determination). The higher the R square, the more of the
variation in observed Y-values is explained by the variation in
observed X-values.
Suppose you want to find out if there’s a model that is a
better predictor of wins than runs scored. You ask your staff to
come up with alternate models. It turns out that when the X
variable is the number of gallons of beer sold during a game,

13. wins are predicted with an R Square of 0.7750.
Would you stop using the runs scored/wins model and
use the beer sold/wins model instead? Why or why not? [4
POINTS]
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