This document discusses common pronunciation problems faced by Indonesian learners of English as a non-native language. It begins by introducing the topic and noting that pronunciation is difficult for non-native speakers due to differences in sound systems between their first language and English. Some specific problems mentioned include pronouncing sounds that don't exist in Indonesian, such as the 'bow' sound; differences in where sounds occur; and different allophones of similar sounds. The document emphasizes that overcoming these problems requires repeated practice to train the ears and mouth to accurately identify and produce English sounds. Proper pronunciation is important for intelligibility as a non-native English speaker.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang keterampilan menyimak apresiatif. Menyimak apresiatif adalah kegiatan menikmati, memahami, dan menghayati suatu penuturan lisan tanpa menilai baik atau buruknya. Penyimak hanya mengungkapkan pendapatnya dengan anggukan atau gelengan kepala. Teknik latihan menyimak apresiatif adalah mengidentifikasi ritme sajak dan mengevaluasi arti puisi.
Bahasa standar,nonstandar, dan bahasa ilmiahNanda Saragih
Dokumen tersebut membahas tiga jenis bahasa yaitu bahasa standar, non-standar, dan ilmiah. Bahasa standar adalah bahasa yang menjadi acuan dan digunakan dalam situasi resmi. Bahasa non-standar dipakai dalam situasi tidak resmi. Bahasa ilmiah digunakan dalam tulisan ilmiah untuk menyampaikan informasi secara objektif, jelas, dan tepat.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Linguistik Historis Komparatif membandingkan dua bahasa atau lebih secara diakronis untuk menentukan kekerabatan dan bahasa induk
2. Bahasa Serawai dan Bahasa Kaur merupakan bahasa yang akan dianalisis kekerabatannya dengan metode linguistik komparatif
3. Tujuan utama linguistik komparatif adalah menjelaskan perubahan bahasa dan tingkat kekerabatan ant
Upaya peningkatan vocabulary siswa dengan media wordwall921920
Dokumen tersebut membahas upaya meningkatkan kosakata siswa menggunakan media Wordwall. Siswa sering kesulitan memahami kosakata bahasa Inggris sehingga sulit mencapai kompetensi. Wordwall adalah kumpulan kosakata yang ditulis besar-besar dan ditempel di kelas, memungkinkan siswa belajar secara kontekstual dan interaktif tanpa tergantung pada kamus. Penulis menggunakan Wordwall dengan harap
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang linguistik umum yang mencakup tiga tahap perkembangan ilmu bahasa yaitu tahap spekulasi, observasi, dan perumusan teori. Selanjutnya membahas subdisiplin ilmu bahasa berdasarkan objek kajian seperti linguistik umum, khusus, sinkronik, diakronik, mikro, serta sosiolinguistik, psikolinguistik, dan antropolinguistik. Terakhir membahas hakikat b
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang keterampilan menyimak apresiatif. Menyimak apresiatif adalah kegiatan menikmati, memahami, dan menghayati suatu penuturan lisan tanpa menilai baik atau buruknya. Penyimak hanya mengungkapkan pendapatnya dengan anggukan atau gelengan kepala. Teknik latihan menyimak apresiatif adalah mengidentifikasi ritme sajak dan mengevaluasi arti puisi.
Bahasa standar,nonstandar, dan bahasa ilmiahNanda Saragih
Dokumen tersebut membahas tiga jenis bahasa yaitu bahasa standar, non-standar, dan ilmiah. Bahasa standar adalah bahasa yang menjadi acuan dan digunakan dalam situasi resmi. Bahasa non-standar dipakai dalam situasi tidak resmi. Bahasa ilmiah digunakan dalam tulisan ilmiah untuk menyampaikan informasi secara objektif, jelas, dan tepat.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Linguistik Historis Komparatif membandingkan dua bahasa atau lebih secara diakronis untuk menentukan kekerabatan dan bahasa induk
2. Bahasa Serawai dan Bahasa Kaur merupakan bahasa yang akan dianalisis kekerabatannya dengan metode linguistik komparatif
3. Tujuan utama linguistik komparatif adalah menjelaskan perubahan bahasa dan tingkat kekerabatan ant
Upaya peningkatan vocabulary siswa dengan media wordwall921920
Dokumen tersebut membahas upaya meningkatkan kosakata siswa menggunakan media Wordwall. Siswa sering kesulitan memahami kosakata bahasa Inggris sehingga sulit mencapai kompetensi. Wordwall adalah kumpulan kosakata yang ditulis besar-besar dan ditempel di kelas, memungkinkan siswa belajar secara kontekstual dan interaktif tanpa tergantung pada kamus. Penulis menggunakan Wordwall dengan harap
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang linguistik umum yang mencakup tiga tahap perkembangan ilmu bahasa yaitu tahap spekulasi, observasi, dan perumusan teori. Selanjutnya membahas subdisiplin ilmu bahasa berdasarkan objek kajian seperti linguistik umum, khusus, sinkronik, diakronik, mikro, serta sosiolinguistik, psikolinguistik, dan antropolinguistik. Terakhir membahas hakikat b
1. Keterampilan menyimak memerlukan konsentrasi tinggi dari penyimak untuk memperhatikan simakan secara cermat dan seksama sehingga informasi yang disampaikan dapat dipahami dengan baik.
2. Menyimak merupakan kegiatan mendengarkan dan memahami isi bahan simakan secara terencana, sehingga penyimak yang baik adalah penyimak yang berencana.
3. Ada dua jenis menyimak yaitu men
Bahasa indonesia - pengucapan dan artikulasi hurufSMAN 01 GIRI
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengucapan dan artikulasi huruf dalam bahasa Indonesia. Terdapat penjelasan tentang bunyi bahasa, vokal, konsonan, diftong, gugus konsonan, fonem, grafem, suku kata, dan tata bahasa bunyi bahasa Indonesia.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang medan makna dalam bahasa Indonesia. Medan makna adalah bagian dari sistem semantik bahasa yang menggambarkan bidang kebudayaan atau realitas tertentu yang direalisasikan oleh kata-kata berhubungan maknanya. Kata-kata dalam medan makna dapat digolongkan menjadi kolokasi dan set, dimana kolokasi menunjuk hubungan sintagmatik linear antar kata, sedangkan set menunjuk pada hubungan paradigmat
Kalimat efektif merupakan kalimat yang disusun untuk mencapai daya informasi yang tepat dan baik, dengan memperhatikan kesepadanan antara struktur bahasa dan ide, keparalelan unsur bahasa, ketegasan ide utama, kehematan kata, serta variasi penyusunan kalimat.
This chapter discusses principles of reading and approaches to teaching reading. It covers:
1) The relationship between writing systems and speech, and controversies around whole-word vs phonics/decoding approaches.
2) Phonics/decoding advocates teaching sound-letter relationships first before meaning, while whole-word focuses on meaning over speech.
3) A universal four-phase reading program is proposed involving word, phrase, sentence and paragraph identification to develop fluency before reading books.
Aliran linguistik tagmemik memperkenalkan analisis bahasa berdasarkan satuan-satuan yang disebut tagmem. Tagmem merupakan unsur struktur gramatikal yang memiliki empat dimensi yaitu slot, klas, peran, dan kohesi. Aliran ini bersifat eklektik dan menganalisis bahasa mulai dari tingkat wacana hingga morfem.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang hakikat dan komponen keterampilan berbicara. Secara garis besar, dokumen menjelaskan bahwa berbicara adalah kemampuan mengubah pikiran menjadi bunyi bahasa yang bermakna, dan terdiri dari penggunaan bahasa lisan, penguasaan isi pembicaraan, serta teknik dan penampilan berbicara. Dokumen juga membahas tentang tes berbicara, jenis tes berbicara, serta te
1. Mata kuliah Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penulisan Karya Ilmiah membahas tentang politik bahasa nasional dan fungsi bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional dan negara.
2. Mata kuliah ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menulis karya ilmiah dengan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar.
3. Mata kuliah ini juga bertujuan mengembangkan kepribadian mahasiswa melalui penguasaan bahasa Indonesia.
Pengertian dan ruang lingkup kajian psikolinguistikkholid harras
Psikolinguistik mempelajari hubungan antara bahasa, pikiran, dan perilaku manusia. Ia membahas proses penyandian dan pemahaman bahasa, serta bagaimana kemampuan berbahasa diperoleh dan digunakan. Ruang lingkupnya meliputi pemerolehan bahasa, hubungan antara pengetahuan dan penggunaan bahasa, serta proses produksi dan pemahaman tuturan. Psikolinguistik berfokus pada kompetensi, akuisisi
Meningkatkan kemampuan vocabulary dengan menggunakan media word wall siswa ke...Irma Nurmayanti
Dokumen tersebut merupakan proposal skripsi yang membahas penggunaan media wordwall untuk meningkatkan kemampuan vocabulary siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Cilamaya Kulon. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dalam 3 siklus yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan refleksi untuk mengetahui peningkatan vocabulary siswa dan kesulitan dalam menerapkannya."
Phonics has been in education for many years in various countries throughout ...Shanthi Ramanathan
English is taught as a second language in Malaysian schools, and phonics is recognized as important for improving English proficiency. Phonics teaches students the relationships between letters and sounds to help with reading and spelling. While phonics has been used in other countries for years, it is now emphasized more in Malaysia. However, teaching pronunciation is not regularly done in Malaysian classrooms as teachers prioritize other areas like writing and grammar. Phonics can help students learn to read independently by decoding unfamiliar words using letter-sound relationships. It also aids spelling and increases reading speed. But Malaysian students may face difficulties with phonics due to differences between English and Malay phonics rules.
In this ducument, you will find some English pronunciation problems for the non-native speaker and how this English phonetic-phonology ourse plays its role to cope with the problems.
1. Keterampilan menyimak memerlukan konsentrasi tinggi dari penyimak untuk memperhatikan simakan secara cermat dan seksama sehingga informasi yang disampaikan dapat dipahami dengan baik.
2. Menyimak merupakan kegiatan mendengarkan dan memahami isi bahan simakan secara terencana, sehingga penyimak yang baik adalah penyimak yang berencana.
3. Ada dua jenis menyimak yaitu men
Bahasa indonesia - pengucapan dan artikulasi hurufSMAN 01 GIRI
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengucapan dan artikulasi huruf dalam bahasa Indonesia. Terdapat penjelasan tentang bunyi bahasa, vokal, konsonan, diftong, gugus konsonan, fonem, grafem, suku kata, dan tata bahasa bunyi bahasa Indonesia.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang medan makna dalam bahasa Indonesia. Medan makna adalah bagian dari sistem semantik bahasa yang menggambarkan bidang kebudayaan atau realitas tertentu yang direalisasikan oleh kata-kata berhubungan maknanya. Kata-kata dalam medan makna dapat digolongkan menjadi kolokasi dan set, dimana kolokasi menunjuk hubungan sintagmatik linear antar kata, sedangkan set menunjuk pada hubungan paradigmat
Kalimat efektif merupakan kalimat yang disusun untuk mencapai daya informasi yang tepat dan baik, dengan memperhatikan kesepadanan antara struktur bahasa dan ide, keparalelan unsur bahasa, ketegasan ide utama, kehematan kata, serta variasi penyusunan kalimat.
This chapter discusses principles of reading and approaches to teaching reading. It covers:
1) The relationship between writing systems and speech, and controversies around whole-word vs phonics/decoding approaches.
2) Phonics/decoding advocates teaching sound-letter relationships first before meaning, while whole-word focuses on meaning over speech.
3) A universal four-phase reading program is proposed involving word, phrase, sentence and paragraph identification to develop fluency before reading books.
Aliran linguistik tagmemik memperkenalkan analisis bahasa berdasarkan satuan-satuan yang disebut tagmem. Tagmem merupakan unsur struktur gramatikal yang memiliki empat dimensi yaitu slot, klas, peran, dan kohesi. Aliran ini bersifat eklektik dan menganalisis bahasa mulai dari tingkat wacana hingga morfem.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang hakikat dan komponen keterampilan berbicara. Secara garis besar, dokumen menjelaskan bahwa berbicara adalah kemampuan mengubah pikiran menjadi bunyi bahasa yang bermakna, dan terdiri dari penggunaan bahasa lisan, penguasaan isi pembicaraan, serta teknik dan penampilan berbicara. Dokumen juga membahas tentang tes berbicara, jenis tes berbicara, serta te
1. Mata kuliah Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penulisan Karya Ilmiah membahas tentang politik bahasa nasional dan fungsi bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional dan negara.
2. Mata kuliah ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menulis karya ilmiah dengan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar.
3. Mata kuliah ini juga bertujuan mengembangkan kepribadian mahasiswa melalui penguasaan bahasa Indonesia.
Pengertian dan ruang lingkup kajian psikolinguistikkholid harras
Psikolinguistik mempelajari hubungan antara bahasa, pikiran, dan perilaku manusia. Ia membahas proses penyandian dan pemahaman bahasa, serta bagaimana kemampuan berbahasa diperoleh dan digunakan. Ruang lingkupnya meliputi pemerolehan bahasa, hubungan antara pengetahuan dan penggunaan bahasa, serta proses produksi dan pemahaman tuturan. Psikolinguistik berfokus pada kompetensi, akuisisi
Meningkatkan kemampuan vocabulary dengan menggunakan media word wall siswa ke...Irma Nurmayanti
Dokumen tersebut merupakan proposal skripsi yang membahas penggunaan media wordwall untuk meningkatkan kemampuan vocabulary siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Cilamaya Kulon. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dalam 3 siklus yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan refleksi untuk mengetahui peningkatan vocabulary siswa dan kesulitan dalam menerapkannya."
Phonics has been in education for many years in various countries throughout ...Shanthi Ramanathan
English is taught as a second language in Malaysian schools, and phonics is recognized as important for improving English proficiency. Phonics teaches students the relationships between letters and sounds to help with reading and spelling. While phonics has been used in other countries for years, it is now emphasized more in Malaysia. However, teaching pronunciation is not regularly done in Malaysian classrooms as teachers prioritize other areas like writing and grammar. Phonics can help students learn to read independently by decoding unfamiliar words using letter-sound relationships. It also aids spelling and increases reading speed. But Malaysian students may face difficulties with phonics due to differences between English and Malay phonics rules.
In this ducument, you will find some English pronunciation problems for the non-native speaker and how this English phonetic-phonology ourse plays its role to cope with the problems.
Language acquisition refers to the process of learning one's native language or additional languages. There are three aspects of language acquisition: child language acquisition, bilingualism/multilingualism, and second language acquisition. Child language acquisition involves children learning their native language through stages from preproduction to advanced fluency. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages while multilingualism means speaking more than two languages. Being multilingual provides advantages like more career prospects and improved cognitive abilities. Second language acquisition occurs after a first language is established as learners progress through stages from not speaking the new language to advanced proficiency.
The document is a chapter from a textbook on pronunciation. It discusses vowels in both English and Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia). It provides a table comparing the 12 vowel phonemes in English (/iː/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/, /ɑː/, /ɒ/, /ɔː/, /ɜː/, /ə/, /ʊ/, /uː/, /ʌ/) to the 6 vowel phonemes or "fonem" in Indonesian (/ʌ/, /ɪ/, /e/, /ə/, /ʊ/, /ɒ/). It then describes how each vowel is produced, including tongue position and lip rounding.
Developing the Speaking Skill among.pdfRuhaanReyaz
English speaking skill deserves bit more attention in the schools where it is taught as a second language . we practice reading ,writing but students feel confused when they have to speak in a situation unlike classroom.
This document discusses English as an international language and its importance in education. It notes that English is taught in Indonesian schools from elementary through university levels. However, not all students can effectively apply their English skills in real life. The document argues that teaching English at early ages is important so it can be used as an important communication tool. It also discusses different strategies English teachers can use to make learning English more engaging and help students understand and pay attention.
1) Teaching pronunciation is important for communication but many teachers avoid it or believe it cannot be taught effectively.
2) Pronunciation is best taught starting with individual phonemes and having students practice distinguishing pairs of similar sounds before moving to words and sentences.
3) Three major barriers to good pronunciation are anxiety, learned helplessness, and issues with cultural identity, but teachers can address these through structured practice, positive feedback, and activities that emphasize acceptable variation in accents.
Language and Language Learning by AYLİN AYDIN, Uludag UniversityUludag University
This document discusses key concepts in language teaching and language acquisition. It covers 12 topics:
1. Language teaching involves teaching vocabulary, structures, pronunciation, and function. However, languages differ in their rules and conventions.
2. Language acquisition in children is remarkable in that it happens efficiently and without formal instruction, through natural interaction and exposure to language from a young age.
3. Both accuracy and fluency are important goals in language learning, but they require distinguishing between practices that emphasize correct usage versus effective communication. Interesting communicative tasks can increase student motivation.
This document discusses how to teach speaking skills in a foreign language classroom. It provides guidance on replicating natural language acquisition within the classroom by focusing on motivation, language exposure, maximizing speaking time, and providing opportunities to use the language. Speaking tasks should give students a chance to rehearse real-life conversations and provide feedback. Conversation skills involve more than just grammar and vocabulary - students must learn how conversations work through turn-taking, responding to cues, and choosing appropriate topics. The document also covers simplification and elision in informal spoken English.
Teaching Of Phonetics And Phonology At Ma Level In PakistanDr. Cupid Lucid
The document discusses the teaching of phonetics and phonology at the MA level in Pakistan. It outlines the importance of teaching these topics for proper pronunciation and communication. It notes that currently in Pakistani classrooms, speaking skills are not adequately developed which causes difficulties for students. It suggests that the curriculum needs to focus more on listening and speaking skills from an earlier level to better prepare students.
Teaching Of Phonetics And Phonology At Ma Level In PakistanDr. Cupid Lucid
The document discusses the teaching of phonetics and phonology at the M.A. level in Pakistan. It notes that pronunciation is an important but often neglected aspect of language learning. Teaching phonetics and phonology faces several challenges in Pakistan, including a lack of language labs, large class sizes, and differences between the sound systems of Urdu and English. Pakistani students need more listening and speaking practice to develop communicative skills, yet the education system emphasizes reading and writing over oral skills. Improving the teaching of phonetics and phonology would benefit both students and teachers.
Special considerations for teaching listening and speaking Module 2 Group 3 R...jonathankunz
Students are more willing to speak out when they feel included and safe in their learning environment. Teachers should represent all cultures and encourage collaboration to create a positive environment where each student's voice can be heard. Pronunciation is an important part of language learning but often overlooked; teachers need training to effectively teach pronunciation through approaches that start with suprasegmentals then segmentals. Slang, idioms, and colloquialisms are commonly used in everyday English but difficult for ESL students; keeping a vocabulary log can help students understand contextual meanings.
This document discusses challenges that some students face with second language listening comprehension and provides 10 potential reasons why students may find listening difficult. It suggests strategies that teachers can use to help students develop their listening skills and overcome difficulties, such as pre-teaching vocabulary, using shorter listening segments, building listening stamina over time, addressing pronunciation challenges, and creating a supportive learning environment.
The document discusses speaking skills and techniques for teaching English pronunciation. It notes that speech is a primary and self-sufficient skill, and outlines approaches for developing speaking abilities through imitative and communicative practice exercises. Key activities for learning pronunciation include hearing, imitation, and repetition. The document also describes problems with English pronunciation related to new sounds, stress, rhythm, and orthography, and provides methods for addressing difficulties, including emphasis on the teacher's model and use of audiovisual aids.
These slides deals with Linguistic and one of four primary skills used to teach students.Speech is one of primary skills. Modern educationists are of the view that because of speaking skills we can learn reading and writing skills easily.
The document provides an overview of teaching speaking skills to primary school pupils learning a foreign language. It discusses the psychological characteristics of speech, including that speech must be motivated, addressed to an interlocutor, emotionally colored, and situational. It also examines the linguistic characteristics of speech, such as the use of incomplete sentences, contracted forms, abbreviations, and conversational tags in dialogue. The aim is to observe speech as a bilateral process and provide the basic notions of speech to help pupils develop their foreign language speaking skills.
This document discusses techniques for teaching speaking to primary school pupils. It begins by outlining the psychological, linguistic, and communicative characteristics of speech. It then examines common difficulties in teaching speaking, such as phonetic, lexical, and grammatical challenges. The document proposes ways to address these difficulties, such as using familiar material and adjusting the speed of speech. It concludes by describing techniques to develop pupils' speaking abilities, such as providing authentic practice situations and feedback to improve comprehension.
Listening as a special skill of teaching English language - transcribingSubmissionResearchpa
1. The document discusses various techniques for teaching English language listening skills, including having students transcribe speech recordings. Transcribing speech word-for-word helps students practice understanding spoken English and improves their listening comprehension.
2. The document outlines different types of transcription, such as phonetic, systematic, and word-for-word transcription. It also provides steps teachers should follow when having students transcribe recordings, such as listening multiple times and allowing dictionary use.
3. Transcribing recordings is a beneficial exercise for students as it helps them master English sounds, practice writing, and display their grammar knowledge through self-correction. It also prepares students for conversational English.
Strategies for Developing Speaking Skills in Englishtrinorei22
This document provides strategies for developing speaking skills. It discusses motivation, confidence, and practice as key factors. Specific strategies covered include improving pronunciation with repetition, minimal pairs, and tongue twisters; expanding vocabulary through movies, podcasts, and patterned responses; and improving fluency, comprehension, and grammar through self-recording, speaking aloud, and listening feedback. The overall message is not to be afraid of making mistakes while practicing these skills.
Surat keterangan ini diberikan kepada Irvink Ridho Pratama, mahasiswa UNISDA asal Desa Warungering, Kecamatan Kedungpring, Kabupaten Lamongan. Surat ini menyatakan bahwa Irvink lahir pada 30 Maret 1992 dan berasal dari keluarga tidak mampu, sehingga dipergunakan untuk dispensasi pembayaran DPP dan SPP.
Makalah ini membahas tentang akhlak dalam kehidupan, mulai dari pengertian akhlak, karakteristiknya, jenis-jenis akhlak, dan penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari."
Makalah ini membahas karakteristik ajaran Islam dan metode pendekatan kajian Islam. Karakteristik ajaran Islam mencakup sifat toleran, mengakui pluralisme agama, menetapkan ibadah secara spesifik, dan menekankan akidah yang murni. Metode pendekatan kajian Islam meliputi pendekatan filosofis, normatif, historis, antropologi, teologi, dan sosiologis."
Keputusan Kepala Desa Warungering menetapkan pengurus Karang Taruna Desa Warungering periode 2014-2016 yang terdiri dari ketua, sekretaris, bendahara, dan seksi-seksi lainnya. Pengurus bertugas mewujudkan keserasian dan kesejahteraan sosial di desa.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
1. THE PAPER
COMMON INDONESIAN NON-NATIVE
SPEAKERS PRONUNCIATION
PROBLEMS
CREATED BY:
Herry Rachmat Safi’i
14330039
Dedicated for Phonology Subject
Fakultas Ilmu Keguruan dan Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris
UNIVERSITAS DARUL ULUM
LAMONGAN – 2014 / 2014
2.
3. i
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamualaikum Wr... Wb...
Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to the writer for finishing
the English paper assignment entitled “PRONUNCIATION PROBLEMS”.
The writer also wish to express his deep and sincere gratitude for those who have
guided in completing this paper. May be while I on the process making this paper,
some information couldn’t completely gathered. But I hope this paper can help the
readers to expand their knowledge about English Phonetic and Pronounciation
Especially.
Hopefully we as a student in “Univertas Darul Ulum Lamongan” can work
more professional by using English as the second language whatever we done.
Thank you.
Wassalamualaikum Wr... Wb...
Lamongan,
January 10th, 2017
Author
4. ii
DAFTAR ISI
Kata Pengantar ..........................................................................................................i
Daftar isi...................................................................................................................ii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah..................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah...........................................................................................2
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
2.1 Pronunciation ..................................................................................................3
2.2 Native and Non-native Speakers.....................................................................4
2.3 Common Pronunciation Problems ..................................................................5
BAB III
PENUTUP
3.1 Kesimpulan......................................................................................................7
5. 1
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1. LATAR BELAKANG
Many English learners have problems pronouncing these words correctly.
Believe or not, try this one. As a non-native speaker, I wonder If you can master the
differences in pronunciation between these words, will you easily improve your
pronunciation and be able to talk more like a native English speaker. Feel / fell /
fill, luck / look, bad / bed.
As everybody who has studied English as a foreign language knows –
English is a relatively easy language to learn, up to a point. It is easy and quick for
most learners to reach intermediate level, as the basic grammatical structures are
straight forward, and the vocabulary is simple and often has traces in students’ own
languages. This is one reason why English has become so popular as an
international ‘lingua franca’ – to speak it to a level in which two people can
communicate is quite easy.
But then when students aim for a higher level, things get more difficult.
Advanced grammar is quite tricky, with numerous conditional and modal
constructions to deal with, but this is not the hardest part at all. The real difficulties
in mastering English to a proficient level are firstly all the phrasal verbs and strange
sayings that natives use of course it’s called pronunciation.
So why is English pronunciation so difficult? Why do students who speak a
high level of grammatical English, make so many mistakes when they actually say
their perfectly constructed sentences? I guarantee we all don’t know the cause.
This study investigates the problems in English pronunciation experienced
by learners whose first language is Indonesian. But we still need more advanced
research to answer all the common question yet, this is only small literature that I
used.
6. 2
1.2. RUMUSAN MASALAH
Dalam penulisan makalah ini, rumusan masalah yang akan dikaji
diantaranya:
1. What is Pronunciation?
2. What is Native Speaker And Non-native Speakers?
3. Why there are some common pronunciation problem facing by non-native
speaker?
7. 3
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
2.1. PRONUNCIATION
"Pronunciation" refers to the way in which we make the sound of words.To
pronounce words, we push air from our lungs up through our throat and vocal
chords, through our mouth, past our tongue and out between our teeth and lips.
(Sometimes air also travels through our nose.)
To change the sound that we are making, we mainly use the muscles of our mouth,
tongue and lips to control the shape of our mouth and the flow of air. If we can
control the shape of our mouth and the flow of air correctly, then our pronunciation
is clearer and other people understand us more easily.
Speakers of different languages tend to develop different muscles of the mouth for
pronunciation. When we speak a foreign language, our muscles may not be well
developed for that language, and we will find pronunciation more difficult. By
practising the foreign language pronunciation, our muscles develop and
pronunciation improves.
As well as creating correct vowel and consonant sounds using the muscles of our
mouth, tongue and lips, there are other important aspects of pronunciation,
including:
word stress - emphasis on certain syllables in a word
sentence stress - emphasis on certain words in a sentence
linking - joining certain words together
intonation - the rise and fall of our voice as we speak
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2.2. NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS
A native speaker is someone who speaks a language as his or her first
language or mother tongue. Native speakers can often speak the language well since
it was part of their childhood development. A native speaker's language is usually
the language their parents speak and/or the language of their country of origin. It is
the only language of a monolingual person, and likely the first language of a
multilingual person which is acquired naturally in their native environment and
which serves as the basis for their sociolinguistic identity.
In the opposite, someone who has learned a particular language as a child or
adult rather than as a baby. It means antonym of native speaker: someone who has
another native tongue than the language being used especially English.
A "native speaker of English" refers to someone who has learned and used
English from early childhood. It does not necessarily mean that it is the speaker's
only language, but it means it is and has been the primary means of concept
formation and communication. It means having lived in a truly English-speaking
culture during one's formative years, so that English has been absorbed effortlessly
as by osmosis.
One can have been born and grown up in a country that lists English as one
of its official languages and not be a "native" speaker. For example, Canadians from
Quebec cannot automatically be considered native English speakers even though
many speak English quite well; they were brought up speaking French as a first
language and think in French (or Canardien, as I have heard unkind Parisians refer
to it). But the rest of Canada does largely consist of native speakers of English.
Speaking "like a native" of any language means more than just knowing
vocabulary and grammar. Many educated foreign speakers speak better formal
English than, say, many Americans or British or Australians. But formal English is
only one aspect of the language. Knowing instantly what slang means, what cultural
references mean, how to reduce syntax to a bare minimum and still convey precise
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meaning — all these things, and more, are what constitute native speech. It's
apparent that different people have different notions and different tongue.
2.3. PRONUNCIATION PROBLEMS
In fact, Speaking is matter of habit. The acquistion of any habit is
accomplished through. Repeated and antring prachce on the part of the learner. An
Indonesian student who wants to pronounce an english world. Like “bow” / bau /
tends to say / bou / such as found. In the Indonesian word “ kerbau ” . which will
sound unenglish. Only through imitation. Constant drill and practice. Will he be
able to pronounce the english sounds correctly.
The difficulty encountered by the student in learning a second language is
couse by the different element found between his language and the target
language. The degree of difficulty in learning is also determined by the degree of
difference between the two languages.
On the other hand this is called transfering one’s natue sounds into foreign
language. Different elements in sound system between the native and the foreign
language may be of several kinds. One of them is the existence of a given sound
in the latter. Which is not found in the former.
Another learning problem may be caused by sounds which have the same
phonetic features in both languages but different their distribution. That is when
and where they may occur in an utterance. This can be illustrated by the so called
voiced stop consonant / b.d.g / voiceless stops that is / p /, / t / and / k /.
There is still another source of difficulty that is coused by similar sounds in the
two languages. Which have different variants or allophones. An allophones is a
conditional variant predictable environment.
One problem is concerned with the indification of the foreign sound. This
is a matter of ear – training. Which means that his ears must be trained and drilled
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in hearing the sound in question again and again till they get familiar with it and
can remember its acoustic quality.
Another problem has to do with the production of the foreign sounds by
his organs of speech. When has heard the sound produced by someone else. He
may be able to produce it himself by imitating the speaker. This is a matter of
training to move the speech organs. Or also called mouth Gymnastics. Which
should be practised over and over again.
Last, the Indonesian education system (or at least the system which today's
teenage and adult language learners passed through) tends to produce students
with preconceived notions of ways to be taught. Often this means passive learners
expecting to absorb information from the teacher, who is the center of a class, an
authority figure, and someone who must not be questioned. Language learning is
most effective in an environment where active students feel free to participate, get
involved and ask questions; an environment where students know that making
mistakes is the best way to learn, and where making a mistake does not result in
loss of face.
11. 7
BAB III
PENUTUP
3.1. KESIMPULAN
The answer is teacher and Environment, teacher who is the center of a class,
an authority figure, and someone who must not be questioned. Teachers in
Linguistic have to know the fact that language learning is most effective in an
environment where active students feel free to participate, get involved and ask
questions; an environment where students know that making mistakes is the best
way to learn, and where making a mistake does not result in loss of face.