Smart policing and technology applications presentationRoel Palmaers
This document summarizes a presentation on smart policing and technology applications. It discusses a Bureau of Justice Assistance initiative that provided funding to 16 cities to implement smart policing projects using evidence-based practices, partnerships, and technology. Smart policing is presented as a new paradigm that takes a problem-solving approach using data, analysis, and technology to improve police operations in a cost-effective manner with a focus on crime prevention and measuring performance. Key aspects discussed include taking a system-wide, strategic view of policing; using science-driven, data-informed methods; place-based approaches; collaborative models; performance measurement; and analytics to enhance operations and crime prevention.
While it is a common fact that the police are an important part of the community, just as important is the health of the relationship between police and community. Current affairs show how strained the relationship between the police and community has become. The focus of this upcoming community presentation will include an exploration of why there is such tension between the community, youth and the police. What are all sides saying on what steps both sides can take to repair the relationship between communities, youth and the police?
This document discusses the nature of computer-based electronic evidence and the devices and considerations involved in digital investigation. It covers topics such as latent evidence stored on computers, fragility of electronic evidence, devices that may contain evidence like computers, networks, and other digital devices. It also summarizes laws and guidelines related to digital investigation in the UK.
Digital Forensics by William C. Barker (NIST)AltheimPrivacy
This document discusses digital forensics and the work done by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in this area. It provides examples of types of digital evidence, uses of digital forensics techniques, and the phases of performing digital forensics according to NIST's guidelines. It also discusses policies, procedures, maintaining a chain of evidence, NIST's computer forensics tool testing program, the National Software Reference Library, Computer Forensic Reference Data Sets, and some other NIST publications related to digital and mobile device forensics.
This document provides an overview of mobile device forensics. It discusses how people store personal information on mobile devices and the challenges of investigating these devices. The document covers mobile device characteristics, memory types, identity modules, cellular networks, and investigative tools and methods. These include manual extraction, logical extraction, chip-off acquisition, and preservation techniques like isolation and acquisition of internal memory, SIM cards, and external storage. The objectives are to understand mobile device forensics and the characteristics and challenges involved in acquiring, analyzing, and investigating evidence from mobile devices.
S.M.A.R.T. policing explores shifting traditional police systems to a model focused on being strict and sensitive, modern and mobile, alert and accountable, reliable and responsive, and tech-savvy and trained. Smart cities face security risks from physical, economic, cultural and emotional attacks on infrastructure and data. Risks include privacy violations, catastrophic failures, and impacts from locational data access. S.M.A.R.T. policing aims to address these challenges through sensitivity, partnership with society, public broadband networks, mobile technology, and coordination between departments.
Mobile forensics is a branch of digital forensics that recovers evidence from mobile phones. It is important because mobile phones are ubiquitous and can contain evidence of crimes. Mobile forensics follows steps including preservation of the device, acquisition of data, examination of data, analysis of findings, and reporting results. It is challenging due to various device types and conditions, but techniques like isolating devices and using forensic software can extract hidden or encrypted data for investigations.
The document discusses computer forensics techniques including:
1) Basic investigation techniques like WHOIS searches, DNS lookups, and analyzing web server logs.
2) Analyzing digital evidence from sources like hard drives, network cards, routers, and removable storage devices.
3) The computer forensics process of acquiring, authenticating, analyzing, and documenting digital evidence while avoiding modifying the original source.
Smart policing and technology applications presentationRoel Palmaers
This document summarizes a presentation on smart policing and technology applications. It discusses a Bureau of Justice Assistance initiative that provided funding to 16 cities to implement smart policing projects using evidence-based practices, partnerships, and technology. Smart policing is presented as a new paradigm that takes a problem-solving approach using data, analysis, and technology to improve police operations in a cost-effective manner with a focus on crime prevention and measuring performance. Key aspects discussed include taking a system-wide, strategic view of policing; using science-driven, data-informed methods; place-based approaches; collaborative models; performance measurement; and analytics to enhance operations and crime prevention.
While it is a common fact that the police are an important part of the community, just as important is the health of the relationship between police and community. Current affairs show how strained the relationship between the police and community has become. The focus of this upcoming community presentation will include an exploration of why there is such tension between the community, youth and the police. What are all sides saying on what steps both sides can take to repair the relationship between communities, youth and the police?
This document discusses the nature of computer-based electronic evidence and the devices and considerations involved in digital investigation. It covers topics such as latent evidence stored on computers, fragility of electronic evidence, devices that may contain evidence like computers, networks, and other digital devices. It also summarizes laws and guidelines related to digital investigation in the UK.
Digital Forensics by William C. Barker (NIST)AltheimPrivacy
This document discusses digital forensics and the work done by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in this area. It provides examples of types of digital evidence, uses of digital forensics techniques, and the phases of performing digital forensics according to NIST's guidelines. It also discusses policies, procedures, maintaining a chain of evidence, NIST's computer forensics tool testing program, the National Software Reference Library, Computer Forensic Reference Data Sets, and some other NIST publications related to digital and mobile device forensics.
This document provides an overview of mobile device forensics. It discusses how people store personal information on mobile devices and the challenges of investigating these devices. The document covers mobile device characteristics, memory types, identity modules, cellular networks, and investigative tools and methods. These include manual extraction, logical extraction, chip-off acquisition, and preservation techniques like isolation and acquisition of internal memory, SIM cards, and external storage. The objectives are to understand mobile device forensics and the characteristics and challenges involved in acquiring, analyzing, and investigating evidence from mobile devices.
S.M.A.R.T. policing explores shifting traditional police systems to a model focused on being strict and sensitive, modern and mobile, alert and accountable, reliable and responsive, and tech-savvy and trained. Smart cities face security risks from physical, economic, cultural and emotional attacks on infrastructure and data. Risks include privacy violations, catastrophic failures, and impacts from locational data access. S.M.A.R.T. policing aims to address these challenges through sensitivity, partnership with society, public broadband networks, mobile technology, and coordination between departments.
Mobile forensics is a branch of digital forensics that recovers evidence from mobile phones. It is important because mobile phones are ubiquitous and can contain evidence of crimes. Mobile forensics follows steps including preservation of the device, acquisition of data, examination of data, analysis of findings, and reporting results. It is challenging due to various device types and conditions, but techniques like isolating devices and using forensic software can extract hidden or encrypted data for investigations.
The document discusses computer forensics techniques including:
1) Basic investigation techniques like WHOIS searches, DNS lookups, and analyzing web server logs.
2) Analyzing digital evidence from sources like hard drives, network cards, routers, and removable storage devices.
3) The computer forensics process of acquiring, authenticating, analyzing, and documenting digital evidence while avoiding modifying the original source.
Police patrol is the backbone of policing. The majority of police officers are assigned to patrol duties, which act as the gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. Patrol aims to deter crime, enhance public safety, and be available for service. Patrol is organized based on factors like staffing levels and distribution of officers. Individual patrol officers have discretion over their level of activity and styles of patrol. The communications center handles incoming 911 calls and dispatches officers, exercising significant discretion over response. Studying patrol is challenging but provides insights into most police-citizen interactions.
Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for Police Intelligence Operations (PIO)Василь Петренко
Brigadier General David D┻ Phillips ゅCommandant of the U┻S Army Military Police School and Chief
of the Military Police Corps Regimentょ and Brigadier General Rodney L┻ Johnson ゅThe Provost
Marshal General of the Armyょ were the driving force and sponsors behind the development of the
Concept of Operations ゅCONOPSょ for Police )ntelligence Operations ゅP)Oょ┻ The enthusiasm and
expert consultation provided by Major Art (orton as the USAMPS Project Leader is gratefully
acknowledged┻ The cooperation of all those organizations that attended and participated in the P)O
Tiger Team and the contributions of their representatives are greatly appreciated┻ The partnership
and technical expertise of the ANSER CONOPS writing team was fundamental to the overall success┻
Smart policing emphasizes using data and analytics to improve policing strategies, making them more effective, efficient and economical through partnerships between law enforcement and researchers. The Smart Policing Initiative funds local police agencies to design and test evidence-based, data-driven approaches to address various crime problems. These agencies employ intelligence-led policing, problem-oriented policing, and predictive analytics to tackle issues like street crime, drug abuse, and traffic safety.
This document discusses laws, regulations, ethics, and professional standards related to information security. It covers the differences between laws and ethics, types of laws, relevant US laws including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and laws around privacy like HIPAA. Organizational liability and the need for legal counsel are also addressed. The document provides an overview of key concepts for information security practitioners to understand their legal and ethical responsibilities.
The document discusses cyber risks, data privacy breaches, and the regulatory environment surrounding cybersecurity and privacy. It defines cyber risks as those involving computers, the internet, and electronic data. Data breaches involve unauthorized access to or use of sensitive data like financial, health, or personal information. Regulations require notification of breaches and establish security practices. The value of data and risks of breaches impact organizations financially and to their reputation. Cyber insurance can help cover costs of breaches, investigations, liability, and business interruptions.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER FORENSICS
Introduction to Traditional Computer Crime, Traditional problems associated with Computer Crime. Introduction to Identity Theft & Identity Fraud. Types of CF techniques – Incident and incident response methodology – Forensic duplication and investigation. Preparation for IR: Creating response tool kit and IR team. – Forensics Technology and Systems – Understanding Computer Investigation – Data Acquisition.
The document outlines India's 2013 National Cyber Security Policy. The policy aims to build a secure cyber ecosystem in India by protecting information infrastructure, reducing cyber threats and vulnerabilities, and developing cyber security capabilities. It identifies strategic objectives and approaches across areas such as creating assurance frameworks, strengthening regulatory structures, developing threat monitoring and response mechanisms, securing e-governance, protecting critical infrastructure, fostering research and workforce development, and enhancing domestic and international cooperation. The overarching goal is to secure cyberspace for citizens, businesses and the government of India.
Internet of things are exploding. This whitepaper would help product developers to understand the Security and Privacy issues, their impact and a recommendation for embedding the best practices during PDLC.
The document discusses the history and key concepts of community policing in the United States. It outlines how community policing emerged in response to rising crime rates and civil rights issues in the 1960s. This led to more research on policing strategies and greater emphasis on community engagement and problem-solving approaches. The core elements of community policing are defined as collaborative community partnerships, organizational transformation, and problem-solving processes. While community policing takes on different forms in different communities, the overall goal is to engage citizens as partners to jointly address public safety issues.
United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime.Minakshi Das
The document provides an overview of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). It discusses the background and creation of the Convention, its key provisions around criminalization of offenses, international cooperation frameworks, extradition, and mutual legal assistance. It also examines some implementation challenges around dual criminality requirements and monitoring state compliance. The Convention aims to foster international cooperation to more effectively prevent and combat transnational organized crime.
Community Policing And The Community Powerpointjclaytonjr
Community policing is a strategy that builds partnerships between law enforcement and communities to improve public safety. It involves problem-solving tactics like COPPS, POP, and SARA to address issues collaboratively. Patrols are designed to fit each community's needs through various methods like foot, vehicle, horse, and K-9 units. Community policing is supported by programs such as Neighborhood Watch, PAL, and DARE that educate the public and prevent crime. When implemented effectively through partnership and problem-solving, community policing improves communities by reducing crime and empowering residents.
This document discusses cyber security laws and their importance. It provides an overview of key cyber security laws in the US and Pakistan, including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, HIPAA, Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002, and Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007. It also discusses cyber crimes like hacking and malware, as well as technologies used to combat cyber crimes and improve security, such as penetration testing and malware analysis. Recent developments in Pakistan's cyber laws and efforts like the Pakistan Cyber Security Task Force are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of Android forensics. It discusses rooting Android devices to gain access for forensic imaging. The forensic process involves seizing the device and accessories, creating a bit-by-bit image of the memory card and device to preserve all data, recovering useful data from the image, analyzing the image by examining key locations like the SQLite database and searching for evidence, and maintaining a proper chain of custody. Indian laws like the IT Act 2000 cover digital crimes using computers as targets or weapons.
The document discusses traditional methods of uniformed patrol such as random routine patrol, rapid response to 911 calls, and retroactive investigation of crimes. It summarizes a landmark study in Kansas City that found random patrols had no effect on crime rates, response times, or public perception of safety. The study challenged common assumptions that more police presence deters crime. Alternative patrol strategies are proposed such as directed patrol, split-force models, and differentiating emergency response levels.
DIGITAL FORENSICS IS A BRANCH OF FORENSIC SCIENCE FOCUSING ON THE RECOVERY AND INVESTIGATION OF RAW DATA RESIDING IN ELECTRONIC OR DIGITAL DEVICES. THE GOAL OF THE PROCESS IS TO EXTRACT AND RECOVER ANY INFORMATION FROM A DIGITAL DEVICE WITHOUT ALTERING THE DATA PRESENT ON THE DEVICE.
--D3
For more; https://d3pakblog.wordpress.com
Computers and the Internet-Of-Things generate data about our every move, passing thought or feeling. There is also a comprehensive set of data on our life’s context: our whereabouts, connections, physiological state, patterns of movement, and deeply ingrained subconscious behaviors. While that information may not be immediately visible or easy to learn from, it is created, collected and saved. Over time, the pile of data grows. The processing technologies become more sophisticated and powerful. No data is ever “forgotten”. In this session we will look at data that’s currently collected by popular services, the implications of cross-processing streams of data from different sources, and the power of metadata. There are no more secrets. Based on “Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World” by Bruce Schneier.
This document summarizes several models and frameworks for digital forensic examination developed between 2000-2015. It provides brief descriptions of key frameworks such as the ACPO principles of 2007, NIJ guidelines of 2008, ENFSI guidelines of 2009 and several process models including the 3A model, IDIP model, InteDFPM model and Palantir framework for collaborative incident response. The document is intended to provide an overview of the evolution of digital forensic examination processes and standards over this 15 year period.
This document provides information on digital forensics, including definitions, tools, and roles. It defines digital forensics as the scientific analysis of computer systems and digital evidence to help solve crimes. Several digital forensics tools are described that can analyze disks, files, registries, networks, and more. The roles of a digital forensics expert in investigations and the judicial system are also outlined, such as qualifying as an expert witness and effectively communicating technical information.
Digital forensics is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often in relation to computer crime. A Pilot study on methodology and complexity of digital forensics and how digital forensics can be applied in a live environment without the loss or spoilage of valuable data and evidence.
This document discusses emerging and future technologies that may be applied in law enforcement. It explores techniques used by futurists to predict technological developments and various applications including emergency location systems, automatic collision notification, universal product coding, radio frequency chipping of goods, biometric identification, satellite surveillance, pursuit technologies using vehicle disabling chips, less-lethal weapons, mobile access to databases, and combinations of technologies. The goal is to understand how future technologies could impact policing.
The document provides information about Moultrie Technical College's Criminal Justice Technology programs, which include a diploma program, degree program, and introduction certificate. The programs prepare students for careers in fields like law enforcement, corrections, and security. The diploma can be earned in about 4 terms and prepares students for entry-level criminal justice jobs. The degree takes about 6 terms and further enhances career potential. The introduction certificate takes 1 term and focuses on the criminal justice system. The document provides details on admission requirements, costs, courses, and contact information for program chairs.
Police patrol is the backbone of policing. The majority of police officers are assigned to patrol duties, which act as the gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. Patrol aims to deter crime, enhance public safety, and be available for service. Patrol is organized based on factors like staffing levels and distribution of officers. Individual patrol officers have discretion over their level of activity and styles of patrol. The communications center handles incoming 911 calls and dispatches officers, exercising significant discretion over response. Studying patrol is challenging but provides insights into most police-citizen interactions.
Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for Police Intelligence Operations (PIO)Василь Петренко
Brigadier General David D┻ Phillips ゅCommandant of the U┻S Army Military Police School and Chief
of the Military Police Corps Regimentょ and Brigadier General Rodney L┻ Johnson ゅThe Provost
Marshal General of the Armyょ were the driving force and sponsors behind the development of the
Concept of Operations ゅCONOPSょ for Police )ntelligence Operations ゅP)Oょ┻ The enthusiasm and
expert consultation provided by Major Art (orton as the USAMPS Project Leader is gratefully
acknowledged┻ The cooperation of all those organizations that attended and participated in the P)O
Tiger Team and the contributions of their representatives are greatly appreciated┻ The partnership
and technical expertise of the ANSER CONOPS writing team was fundamental to the overall success┻
Smart policing emphasizes using data and analytics to improve policing strategies, making them more effective, efficient and economical through partnerships between law enforcement and researchers. The Smart Policing Initiative funds local police agencies to design and test evidence-based, data-driven approaches to address various crime problems. These agencies employ intelligence-led policing, problem-oriented policing, and predictive analytics to tackle issues like street crime, drug abuse, and traffic safety.
This document discusses laws, regulations, ethics, and professional standards related to information security. It covers the differences between laws and ethics, types of laws, relevant US laws including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and laws around privacy like HIPAA. Organizational liability and the need for legal counsel are also addressed. The document provides an overview of key concepts for information security practitioners to understand their legal and ethical responsibilities.
The document discusses cyber risks, data privacy breaches, and the regulatory environment surrounding cybersecurity and privacy. It defines cyber risks as those involving computers, the internet, and electronic data. Data breaches involve unauthorized access to or use of sensitive data like financial, health, or personal information. Regulations require notification of breaches and establish security practices. The value of data and risks of breaches impact organizations financially and to their reputation. Cyber insurance can help cover costs of breaches, investigations, liability, and business interruptions.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER FORENSICS
Introduction to Traditional Computer Crime, Traditional problems associated with Computer Crime. Introduction to Identity Theft & Identity Fraud. Types of CF techniques – Incident and incident response methodology – Forensic duplication and investigation. Preparation for IR: Creating response tool kit and IR team. – Forensics Technology and Systems – Understanding Computer Investigation – Data Acquisition.
The document outlines India's 2013 National Cyber Security Policy. The policy aims to build a secure cyber ecosystem in India by protecting information infrastructure, reducing cyber threats and vulnerabilities, and developing cyber security capabilities. It identifies strategic objectives and approaches across areas such as creating assurance frameworks, strengthening regulatory structures, developing threat monitoring and response mechanisms, securing e-governance, protecting critical infrastructure, fostering research and workforce development, and enhancing domestic and international cooperation. The overarching goal is to secure cyberspace for citizens, businesses and the government of India.
Internet of things are exploding. This whitepaper would help product developers to understand the Security and Privacy issues, their impact and a recommendation for embedding the best practices during PDLC.
The document discusses the history and key concepts of community policing in the United States. It outlines how community policing emerged in response to rising crime rates and civil rights issues in the 1960s. This led to more research on policing strategies and greater emphasis on community engagement and problem-solving approaches. The core elements of community policing are defined as collaborative community partnerships, organizational transformation, and problem-solving processes. While community policing takes on different forms in different communities, the overall goal is to engage citizens as partners to jointly address public safety issues.
United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime.Minakshi Das
The document provides an overview of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). It discusses the background and creation of the Convention, its key provisions around criminalization of offenses, international cooperation frameworks, extradition, and mutual legal assistance. It also examines some implementation challenges around dual criminality requirements and monitoring state compliance. The Convention aims to foster international cooperation to more effectively prevent and combat transnational organized crime.
Community Policing And The Community Powerpointjclaytonjr
Community policing is a strategy that builds partnerships between law enforcement and communities to improve public safety. It involves problem-solving tactics like COPPS, POP, and SARA to address issues collaboratively. Patrols are designed to fit each community's needs through various methods like foot, vehicle, horse, and K-9 units. Community policing is supported by programs such as Neighborhood Watch, PAL, and DARE that educate the public and prevent crime. When implemented effectively through partnership and problem-solving, community policing improves communities by reducing crime and empowering residents.
This document discusses cyber security laws and their importance. It provides an overview of key cyber security laws in the US and Pakistan, including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, HIPAA, Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002, and Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007. It also discusses cyber crimes like hacking and malware, as well as technologies used to combat cyber crimes and improve security, such as penetration testing and malware analysis. Recent developments in Pakistan's cyber laws and efforts like the Pakistan Cyber Security Task Force are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of Android forensics. It discusses rooting Android devices to gain access for forensic imaging. The forensic process involves seizing the device and accessories, creating a bit-by-bit image of the memory card and device to preserve all data, recovering useful data from the image, analyzing the image by examining key locations like the SQLite database and searching for evidence, and maintaining a proper chain of custody. Indian laws like the IT Act 2000 cover digital crimes using computers as targets or weapons.
The document discusses traditional methods of uniformed patrol such as random routine patrol, rapid response to 911 calls, and retroactive investigation of crimes. It summarizes a landmark study in Kansas City that found random patrols had no effect on crime rates, response times, or public perception of safety. The study challenged common assumptions that more police presence deters crime. Alternative patrol strategies are proposed such as directed patrol, split-force models, and differentiating emergency response levels.
DIGITAL FORENSICS IS A BRANCH OF FORENSIC SCIENCE FOCUSING ON THE RECOVERY AND INVESTIGATION OF RAW DATA RESIDING IN ELECTRONIC OR DIGITAL DEVICES. THE GOAL OF THE PROCESS IS TO EXTRACT AND RECOVER ANY INFORMATION FROM A DIGITAL DEVICE WITHOUT ALTERING THE DATA PRESENT ON THE DEVICE.
--D3
For more; https://d3pakblog.wordpress.com
Computers and the Internet-Of-Things generate data about our every move, passing thought or feeling. There is also a comprehensive set of data on our life’s context: our whereabouts, connections, physiological state, patterns of movement, and deeply ingrained subconscious behaviors. While that information may not be immediately visible or easy to learn from, it is created, collected and saved. Over time, the pile of data grows. The processing technologies become more sophisticated and powerful. No data is ever “forgotten”. In this session we will look at data that’s currently collected by popular services, the implications of cross-processing streams of data from different sources, and the power of metadata. There are no more secrets. Based on “Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World” by Bruce Schneier.
This document summarizes several models and frameworks for digital forensic examination developed between 2000-2015. It provides brief descriptions of key frameworks such as the ACPO principles of 2007, NIJ guidelines of 2008, ENFSI guidelines of 2009 and several process models including the 3A model, IDIP model, InteDFPM model and Palantir framework for collaborative incident response. The document is intended to provide an overview of the evolution of digital forensic examination processes and standards over this 15 year period.
This document provides information on digital forensics, including definitions, tools, and roles. It defines digital forensics as the scientific analysis of computer systems and digital evidence to help solve crimes. Several digital forensics tools are described that can analyze disks, files, registries, networks, and more. The roles of a digital forensics expert in investigations and the judicial system are also outlined, such as qualifying as an expert witness and effectively communicating technical information.
Digital forensics is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often in relation to computer crime. A Pilot study on methodology and complexity of digital forensics and how digital forensics can be applied in a live environment without the loss or spoilage of valuable data and evidence.
This document discusses emerging and future technologies that may be applied in law enforcement. It explores techniques used by futurists to predict technological developments and various applications including emergency location systems, automatic collision notification, universal product coding, radio frequency chipping of goods, biometric identification, satellite surveillance, pursuit technologies using vehicle disabling chips, less-lethal weapons, mobile access to databases, and combinations of technologies. The goal is to understand how future technologies could impact policing.
The document provides information about Moultrie Technical College's Criminal Justice Technology programs, which include a diploma program, degree program, and introduction certificate. The programs prepare students for careers in fields like law enforcement, corrections, and security. The diploma can be earned in about 4 terms and prepares students for entry-level criminal justice jobs. The degree takes about 6 terms and further enhances career potential. The introduction certificate takes 1 term and focuses on the criminal justice system. The document provides details on admission requirements, costs, courses, and contact information for program chairs.
Abstract:
With an everyday increase in the number of cars on our roads and highways, we are facing numerous problems, for example:
• Smuggling of cars
• Invalid license plates
• Identification of stolen cars
• Usage of cars in terrorist attacks/illegal activities
In order to address the above issues, we took up the project of developing a prototype, which can perform license plate recognition (LPR). This project, as the name signifies, deals with reading, storing and comparing the license plate numbers retrieved from snapshots of cars to ensure safety in the country and ultimately help to reduce unauthorized vehicles access and crime.
License Plate Recognition (LPR) has been a practical technique in the past decades. It is one of the most important applications for Computer Vision, Patter Recognition and Image Processing in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Generally, the LPR system is divided into three steps, license plate locating, license plate character segmentation and license plate recognition. This project discusses a complete license plate recognition system with special emphasis on the Localization Module.In this study, the proposed algorithm is based on extraction of plate region using morphological operations and shape detection algorithms. Segmentation of plate made use of horizontal and vertical smearing and line detection algorithms. Lastly, template matching algorithms were used for character recognition.
The implementation of the project was done in the platforms of Matlab and OpenCV.
This document summarizes various traffic control devices and rules of the road. It describes common signage like mandatory, warning, and informational signs used to regulate traffic. It also outlines situations requiring extra care around emergency vehicles, buses, railways and street repairs. Key traffic rules are provided regarding keeping left, overtaking, yielding at intersections, and allowing passage of emergency vehicles. Finally, it discusses other traffic control devices like road markings, traffic lights, and channelizing devices used to direct traffic flow.
The document discusses Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems. It provides the following key points:
1. ANPR uses optical character recognition on images captured by specialized cameras to read license plates on vehicles.
2. The cameras capture images that are then processed by ANPR software to detect, segment, and identify the license plate numbers.
3. ANPR systems are commonly used for electronic toll collection, traffic management, parking enforcement, and border control by storing images and license plate data.
The document discusses the IT and ITES sectors globally and in India. It notes that the IT industry is currently in a growth phase in India, as evidenced by its increasing contributions to GDP, employment, and revenue. The top three players in the Indian IT and ITES sector are compared based on their number of employees, market capitalization, revenue, and profits. In conclusion, the sectors are described as having very good future prospects and providing ongoing opportunities for investors, entrepreneurs, and countries.
The document discusses current trends in information technology and its impact. It covers how IT has improved productivity, efficiency, and customer service in organizations and for consumers. It also discusses how IT challenges businesses to keep pace with new technologies in competitive environments. The document defines information technology and provides examples of common IT uses in businesses like databases, word processing, computer networks, and the internet.
The document discusses information exchange between criminal justice agencies and the importance of integration. It notes that currently agencies operate independently with different systems, making information sharing difficult. True integration would involve agencies sharing a single system with common standards for data entry, protocols, policies, software and hardware. This would allow information to be captured once and reused across agencies. The document also discusses challenges like organizational fragmentation and potential solutions like adopting web-based standards, agency partnerships, and economies of scale through regional systems.
This document discusses crime analysis and its applications in community-oriented policing. Crime analysis involves understanding crime patterns through statistical analysis and crime mapping to identify problems and potential solutions. It helps police departments target areas with high crime rates or unusual increases in crime. Crime analysis also examines relationships between crimes in terms of time, location, offender characteristics, and causal factors to aid investigations of serial crimes and displacement. The core functions of law enforcement like prevention, investigation, and apprehension can be enhanced through crime analysis.
The companion PowerPoint for Chapter Nine (External Systems) for the book Police Technology. Currently used in over 100 colleges and universities; and, by police agencies around the globe
The document discusses major incident and disaster response, including the Incident Command System (ICS) used to coordinate multi-agency emergency responses. ICS establishes a clear chain of command and modular organizational structure. A key aspect is the Incident Command Post, which is the on-site command center, and the Emergency Operations Center, which coordinates response on a wider scale from a centralized location. The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of first responders in major incidents and disasters, and how technology can enhance response efforts through mobile command vehicles and specialized equipment.
A PowerPoint presentation on decision making in public policy. While the presentation focuses on criminal justice, it applies to all government fields.
Crime Crime and Cyber crime Investigation.pptOlusegun Mosugu
This document discusses technology and methods for investigating cross-border fraud cases involving telecommunications and the internet. It outlines challenges like tracking calls across borders and analyzing large volumes of complicated data. It presents case studies and lessons learned, including how VOIP tracking and lawful interception of call records from SIP gateways can help identify criminal groups. Effective investigation requires understanding criminal networks and tools, as well as flexible collection and analysis of primary data from multiple sources.
The third in a series of PowerPoint presentation on public policy analysis and decision making. While focusing on criminal justice is applicable to all government fields. The material is geared toward an elective course in Master's Program, or upper division in related government courses.
Secure Crime Identification System is a resourceful project which has the key elements of investigating the crime scene online and updating,tracking the details of the victims through system generated charge sheets, FIR and all. The flexibility the application provides is the modules for separate users.
This intuitive project is being developed in such a way that it will be projected before the CBI and APP Committees and gain acknowledgement to completely work on the integration of this project.
The document discusses the evolving cyber landscape and its impact on organizations. It notes that there has been a general increase in the volume and complexity of cyber threats from various actors. Additionally, it highlights that most organizations have little response capability to cyber incidents and lack recovery plans. The presentation outlines steps the Jersey Financial Services Commission is taking to enhance its cybersecurity, including developing new online platforms and services with security built-in, maintaining infrastructure through patching and monitoring, and educating employees on cybersecurity best practices. It also raises questions about establishing common cybersecurity standards for Jersey's financial services sector.
A PowerPoint presentation on public policy analysis and decision making. The presentation focuses on criminal justice, but is applicable in all government fields. Lastly, this presentation is part one of three.
Research Article published in the 3rd Annual Cyber Security for Energy & Utilities.
23 - 26 March 2014 - The Westin Abu Dhabi Golf Resort & Spa, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Digital Forensics Training Bootcamp (Systems Engineering ) Part - Tonex TrainingBryan Len
Digital forensics is the usage of consistent investigatory strategies to digital infringement and attacks. It is a basic piece of law and business in the web age and can be a satisfying and advantageous calling way.
Other than the legitimate viewpoints engaged with digital forensics, individuals are regularly shocked to discover that the calling takes advantage of numerous logical standards, philosophies and strategies.
There are a few abilities required for an effective profession in digital forensics preeminent is a specialized inclination. Having a legitimate comprehension of the working of digital gadgets, specialized ideas, networking, and involvement in PC systems are the essential specialized aptitudes anticipated from those working in digital forensics.
This can be separated further:
Digital Comprehension:
A digital scientific expert needs to associate with different endpoints, for example, cell phones, printers, IoT (Internet of Things), USB, outer hard drives, iPads, tablets and digital cameras.
Networking:
Knowledge of PC networking, LAN and server is critical. As an agent, networking ideas and availability learning ought to be of worry as the examination won't be constrained to the individual framework, yet every framework associated in the LAN must be inspected.
Operating System Knowledge:
Knowing you route around the different PC operating systems is a key to cybercrime examinations. Android and Windows are the basic operating systems in cell phones, though other endpoint gadgets may take a shot at an alternate OS, which you ought to have the option to work.
Need to find out additional?
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This course is fundamental to anybody experiencing digital scientific and proof while directing an examination. Furthermore, Tonex offers about 400 classes, courses and workshops in near four dozen classifications of systems engineering training.
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Optivon developed the SentiGuard and SentiHelm applications to facilitate communication between citizens and law enforcement. SentiGuard allows citizens to anonymously submit tips, photos, videos and crime reports to police from their smartphones. SentiHelm is a dashboard that allows police to send push notifications to citizens, view submitted tips and monitor crime maps. The applications were created in Puerto Rico to help address rising crime rates following the murder of the founder's son.
A PowerPoint presentation covering the main headings to use in a police report: Source of Activity, Observations, Arrest
Booking, Medical Treatment, Evidence, Suspect Statements, Witness Statements, Victim Statements, Evidence, Property Taken, Injuries, Use of Force, Supplemental Charges, Additional Information. For police, law enforcement and private security personnel.
The concept of YouTube for the Criminal Justice Educator is the provide instructors with dynamic access to supplemental material via video. Nearly 400 videos are categorized and descriptions provided. The links are live from this document. The videos are classified into the nineteen categories. There is some overlap between the categories. The category titles are linked from the Table of Contents. Thus, if you want to view films on Active Shooter, click on Active Shooter in the Table of Contents and you will be taken to that page.
Cops are constantly adapting their equipment to the environment. Our kit bags have grown larger and larger as we collected equipment to deal with the job. Our departments gives us the basics and as we face new situations we think about what we could have used as a tool to have made the task easier. Then, we go out and get that tool – for next time. Much of the commercially produced police equipment used by our peers today was developed “on the fly” by those who walked the beat before us. The concept of the cruiser as a mobile office was developed by those of us who worked long shifts and thought “What could be added to this car to make my job easier? Make me more comfortable? Help me to hunt down dangerous offenders?”
The document discusses the development and benefits of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which standardized the command and control structure used across different emergency response agencies. It describes how NIMS was created based on lessons learned from major disasters where uncoordinated responses hampered effectiveness. NIMS incorporates the Incident Command System (ICS), which establishes clear leadership and roles through concepts like unified command. ICS allows the response structure to flexibly expand based on the size and needs of the incident. This modular system is designed to improve coordination and save lives.
I use this PowerPoint presentation when working with my clients overseas. It helps to establish my point of view as well as open a conversation on the differences between their models of policing and the typical American experience.
A brief introduction to the federal court system. Excellent presentation for undergraduate introduction to criminal justice courses. Parts 2 through 4 to be uploaded soon.
This document discusses concepts related to leadership and influence. It begins with definitions of leadership as the art of influencing human behavior toward organizational goals. It then explores various aspects of leadership such as it being an art, the range of influence, focusing on human behavior, and directing behavior toward goals. The document provides examples and analogies to poker to illustrate leadership concepts such as watching human behavior, leading by example, integrity, and innovation. It also discusses the importance of failure, communication, empowerment, vision, determination in the face of adversity, and life-long learning.
This chapter discusses networks and their importance for law enforcement agencies. It covers the basics of networks including client-server architecture, formal and informal networks, and why networks are useful for sharing resources across multiple locations. The chapter also discusses different types of network connections including digital and analog signals, modems, switches, routers, and remote switches. Network security is also mentioned as an important concept to understand.
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ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
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4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Introduction to Police Technology
1. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Police TechnologyPolice Technology
Chapter OneChapter One
Introduction toIntroduction to
Police TechnologyPolice Technology
2. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
tactical and strategic informationtactical and strategic information
What technology is meant inWhat technology is meant in
conjunction and why technology inconjunction and why technology in
law enforcement should belaw enforcement should be
explored.explored.
efficiency and effectiveness.efficiency and effectiveness.
Community PolicingCommunity Policing ..
Situational crime prevention.Situational crime prevention.
Fragmentation.Fragmentation.
3. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Ask yourself …Ask yourself …
How does the line-How does the line-
employee (whetheremployee (whether
sworn or non-sworn)sworn or non-sworn)
view his or herview his or her
technology?technology?
What are the issuesWhat are the issues
for the supervisor orfor the supervisor or
manager?manager?
4. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Multiple Points of ViewMultiple Points of View
Line employeeLine employee
SupervisorSupervisor
Police managerPolice manager
End User
Oversight
Decision maker
5. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
View technology againstView technology against
the backdrop ofthe backdrop of . . .. . .
Efficiency/effectivenessEfficiency/effectiveness
Community policingCommunity policing
Situational crime preventionSituational crime prevention
FragmentationFragmentation
6. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Technology in theTechnology in the
21st century is not21st century is not
defined by what it isdefined by what it is
or what is does, butor what is does, but
more by how it ismore by how it is
used. It is in theused. It is in the
context of usecontext of use thatthat
technology istechnology is
defined.defined.
What is technology?
Photograph provided by Robert Eplett, CaliforniaPhotograph provided by Robert Eplett, California
Governor’s Office of Emergency ServicesGovernor’s Office of Emergency Services
7. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Why Examine InformationWhy Examine Information
Technology?Technology?
Most work done by police employeesMost work done by police employees
involves information. When a policeinvolves information. When a police
officer is:officer is:
interviewinginterviewing a victim or witness,a victim or witness,
interrogatinginterrogating a suspect, ora suspect, or
cultivatingcultivating an informantan informant
- - - he or she is gathering information- - - he or she is gathering information
8. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
An education about law enforcement ITAn education about law enforcement IT
can:can:
Improve the chances for successful useImprove the chances for successful use
and implementation;and implementation;
Enhance the prosecution of offenders;Enhance the prosecution of offenders;
Allow supervisors or managers to lead,Allow supervisors or managers to lead,
train, and supervise; and,train, and supervise; and,
Increase success and satisfaction withIncrease success and satisfaction with
technology as end-user and decision-technology as end-user and decision-
maker increase.maker increase.
9. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Reliance onReliance on
information frominformation from
official sourcesofficial sources
resulted in . . .resulted in . . .
Reduced publicReduced public
contact, and maycontact, and may
have reducedhave reduced
public confidencepublic confidence
10. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Tactical InformationTactical Information
Devices that can beDevices that can be
used in the field forused in the field for
immediate decisionimmediate decision
making will be referredmaking will be referred
to asto as tactical informationtactical information
technologies.technologies.
Decisions that policeDecisions that police
officers make in theofficers make in the
field, those required tofield, those required to
be immediate, can bebe immediate, can be
thought of asthought of as tacticaltactical
decisions.decisions.
11. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Strategic InformationStrategic Information
Strategic informationStrategic information
can be thought of ascan be thought of as
information used ininformation used in
planning, such as inplanning, such as in
crime analysis.crime analysis.
Information is usedInformation is used
strategicallystrategically by policeby police
officers andofficers and
detectives, and bydetectives, and by
police managers inpolice managers in
other ways.other ways.
Photographs provided by OBS INC., Specialty Vehicles
12. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Strategic InformationStrategic Information
For detectives,For detectives,
informationinformation
(statements,(statements,
evidence, and theirevidence, and their
observations) isobservations) is
organized andorganized and
analyzed in order toanalyzed in order to
determine whatdetermine what
happened and whohappened and who
did it.did it.
Police managers lookPolice managers look
as issues likeas issues like
deployment,deployment,
scheduling, training,scheduling, training,
and riskand risk
management.management.
13. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
EfficiencyEfficiency and Effectivenessand Effectiveness
EfficiencyEfficiency is defined as doingis defined as doing
something cheaper; or, the ability tosomething cheaper; or, the ability to
complete an activity using fewercomplete an activity using fewer
inputs.inputs.
Typically, informationTypically, information
technology istechnology is
evaluated byevaluated by
comparing costscomparing costs
against benefitsagainst benefits
14. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
The real goal ofThe real goal of effectivenesseffectiveness is theis the
attainment of some goal. Therefore,attainment of some goal. Therefore,
an organization can be effective butan organization can be effective but
not efficient and vice versa.not efficient and vice versa.
Efficiency andEfficiency and EffectivenessEffectiveness
Does the technology
impact efficiency?
Does this technology
impact effectiveness?
15. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Estimating benefits is much harderEstimating benefits is much harder
in law enforcement because thein law enforcement because the
benefits are intangible or difficult tobenefits are intangible or difficult to
quantify.quantify.
Efficiency and EffectivenessEfficiency and Effectiveness
16. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Efficiency and EffectivenessEfficiency and Effectiveness
How muchHow much
crime is there?crime is there?
Crime is often unreported:
•Victim doesn’t report –
burglary from motor vehicle
•Stigma
•Victim doesn’t know
17. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
Although there are a number of differentAlthough there are a number of different
definitions, there are four fairly commondefinitions, there are four fairly common
themes:themes:
Partnership with the communityPartnership with the community
DecentralizationDecentralization
Organization-wide implementationOrganization-wide implementation
Problem solvingProblem solving
18. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
((Partnership with the community)Partnership with the community)
The police cannotThe police cannot
solve all communitysolve all community
problems –problems –
partnerships withpartnerships with
other agencies andother agencies and
the community arethe community are
requiredrequired
Police officers andPolice officers and
other personnelother personnel
should be assigned toshould be assigned to
specific geographicspecific geographic
boundaries.boundaries.
19. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
((Decentralization)Decentralization)
Decision makingDecision making
and accountabilityand accountability
must bemust be
decentralized,decentralized,
allowingallowing
employees at allemployees at all
levels to makelevels to make
decisions withindecisions within
their areas oftheir areas of
responsibilityresponsibility
Photograph provided by Cross Match Technologies, Inc.
20. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
((Organization-wide implementation)Organization-wide implementation)
Patrol officers, detectives, supervisors,Patrol officers, detectives, supervisors,
members of specialized units and policemembers of specialized units and police
managers must be committed tomanagers must be committed to
community policingcommunity policing..
21. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
(Problem Solving)(Problem Solving)
Problem solving is the use of theProblem solving is the use of the
scientificscientific methodmethod (observe,(observe,
hypothesize, experiment,hypothesize, experiment,
conclude) as a means to remedyconclude) as a means to remedy
or mitigate community problems.or mitigate community problems.
For police officers, the scientificFor police officers, the scientific
method is often restated as themethod is often restated as the
problem solving modelproblem solving model SARASARA
(Scan, Analyze, Respond, and(Scan, Analyze, Respond, and
Assess).Assess).
22. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Problem SolvingProblem Solving
It is ultimately moreIt is ultimately more efficientefficient andand effectiveeffective toto
fix a problem than the alternative offix a problem than the alternative of
repeatedly responding to the symptoms of arepeatedly responding to the symptoms of a
problem – calls for service.problem – calls for service.
Problem solving efforts are very likely toProblem solving efforts are very likely to
create new partnerships and bonds betweencreate new partnerships and bonds between
the community, the police and other servicethe community, the police and other service
providers.providers.
23. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Crime preventionCrime prevention targets the roottargets the root
causes of crime and disorder in twocauses of crime and disorder in two
ways:ways:
EducationEducation; and,; and,
Problem solvingProblem solving..
Problem SolvingProblem Solving
24. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Situational Crime PreventionSituational Crime Prevention
There are three parts to situational crimeThere are three parts to situational crime
prevention:prevention:
Targeting specific forms of crimeTargeting specific forms of crime
Changing the environment.Changing the environment.
Increasing offender riskIncreasing offender risk
25. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
In the definition ofIn the definition of
community policingcommunity policing
published by thepublished by the
Department of JusticeDepartment of Justice
(DOJ), Technology is(DOJ), Technology is
viewed as anviewed as an
““enhancer” ofenhancer” of
community policing.community policing.
26. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
FragmentationFragmentation
Many adjoining andMany adjoining and
overlapping lawoverlapping law
enforcementenforcement
jurisdictions cannotjurisdictions cannot
communicate on thecommunicate on the
radio or readilyradio or readily
exchange data.exchange data.
27. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
FragmentationFragmentation
Criminal justice isCriminal justice is
intentionally fragmentedintentionally fragmented
in order to maintain thein order to maintain the
checks and balanceschecks and balances
essential to ouressential to our
democracy.democracy.
This fragmentation alsoThis fragmentation also
serves to protect theserves to protect the
privacy of incriminatingprivacy of incriminating
information about theinformation about the
people who come inpeople who come in
contact with thecontact with the
criminal justice system.criminal justice system.
28. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
FragmentationFragmentation
InteroperabilityInteroperability or theor the
ability for different agenciesability for different agencies
to communicate viato communicate via
technology is often causedtechnology is often caused
by theby the fragmentationfragmentation..
Photograph provided by Robert Eplett, California Governor’s Office of EmergencyPhotograph provided by Robert Eplett, California Governor’s Office of Emergency
ServicesServices
In later chapters
you will see this
is a device used
to increase
interoperability
29. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond
FragmentationFragmentation
A thought………..Some peopleA thought………..Some people
believe that criminal justice isbelieve that criminal justice is
fragmented because of institutionalfragmented because of institutional
paranoia; agencies don’t want otherparanoia; agencies don’t want other
agencies to know what they know andagencies to know what they know and
thereby be in a position to challengethereby be in a position to challenge
their decisions.their decisions.
30. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Police TechnologyPolice Technology
Go to theGo to the Student ResourcesStudent Resources page atpage at
www.hitechcj.comwww.hitechcj.com