Privacy In The Digital Age
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Computers and the Internet-Of-Things generate data about our every move, passing thought or feeling. There is also a comprehensive set of data on our life’s context: our whereabouts, connections, physiological state, patterns of movement, and deeply ingrained subconscious behaviors. While that information may not be immediately visible or easy to learn from, it is created, collected and saved. Over time, the pile of data grows. The processing technologies become more sophisticated and powerful. No data is ever “forgotten”. In this session we will look at data that’s currently collected by popular services, the implications of cross-processing streams of data from different sources, and the power of metadata. There are no more secrets. Based on “Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World” by Bruce Schneier.
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Privacy In The Digital Age
- 1. Privacy in the digital age Jane Prusakova @jprusakova
- 3. Surveillance as a business model
- 4. Pre-digital surveillance • Nielsen surveys – media and TVs • US Post office – address information • White pages – phone and address • Credit reporting • Store loyalty cards
- 6. Your data or your life?
- 7. In plain view Location Thoughts & actions PurchasesInteractions Interests & queries Self-Censored Metadata DNA & biometrics
- 10. TO FULL CLOUD CONTROL
- 12. Commercial Value of Data •Facebook $245 billion • 1 1/2 billion users •United Airlines $22 billion • Planes, licenses, contracts on airport slots
- 13. User value of data Supplies her data to multiple aggregators Maintains exclusive relationship for one provider RECEIVES SAME SERVICE AND BENEFITS
- 14. Knowledge is Power Price discrimination Bias choices
- 15. Knowledge is Power Aggregate data -Scientific research and development - Learn from others’ experience
- 18. People living under constant surveillance quickly realise that privacy isn't about having something to hide. It's about individuality and personal autonomy. It's about being able to decide who to reveal yourself to and under what terms. It's about being free to be an individual and not having to constantly justify yourself to some overseer. SCHNEIER ON SECURITY Bruce Schneier Cryptographer, computer security and privacy specialist.
- 19. The development of critical subjectivity is a realistic goal only to the extent that privacy comes into play. Subjectivity is a function of the interplay between emergent selfhood and social shaping; privacy, which inheres in the interstices of social shaping, is what permits that interplay to occur. WHAT PRIVACY IS FOR JULIE E. COHEN Professor of Law and Technology Georgetown LawLack of privacy means reduced scope for self-making.
- 22. Ephemeral •Conversations, interactions, events • Exceptions: • court proceedings • recorded performances • portraits and photographs • diaries
- 23. Data privacy laws: US •Ad-hoc approach • Right to privacy is implicit • Laws and regulation apply to narrow classes of data • Self-regulation • Industry is expected to design regulations
- 24. Data privacy laws: US •Control means ownership • Subject of the data has no rights in respect to data •Legal protections are narrow exceptions • Financial data • Medical records • Children information
- 25. Data privacy laws: EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC • Data owned by subject of the data. • Principles • Transparency • Legitimate purpose • Proportionality
- 26. Data privacy laws: EU • Rights and responsibilities • Personal data should not be gathered or processed, except when strict conditions are met. • The data subject has rights regarding her data. • Consent is required for processing, except in special circumstances. • Consent can be withdrawn.
- 27. Cost of data ownership •Responsibilities •Security breach •Risk of lawsuits
- 29. Privacy in the digital age Jane Prusakova @jprusakova
Editor's Notes
- Granted, not the entire internet is service-for-privacy. Lavabit, a secure email provider, famously shutdown in 2013, after it was served a government court order to turn over its encryption keys used for all users’ data, because Edward Snowden may have been a client. There are services offering secure email, anonymous web browsing, anonymous social networks.
- Stores used to know what we buy – patterns of items, timing, costs.
- Now we moved to smarter devices – and we are sharing new information.
- Computers are taking an increasingly larger spot in our lives – personal, professional, and social.
- Samsung televisions that listen to conversations in the room and send them elsewhere for transcription—just in case someone is telling the TV to change the channel—and a Barbie that records your child's questions and sells them to third parties.
- “interactive doll”, the toy uses voice recognition technology similar to that employed by Apple’s Siri and Google’s Now digital assistants to understand what a child is saying to Barbie and respond. However, privacy advocates are worried about the use of voice recognition technology that sends recordings of children to third-party companies for processing, potentially revealing his or her intimate thoughts and details.
- More data means better value from advertising. But more data also brings diminishing returns in advertising value. Additionally, the cost of advertising is going down since everyone is getting access to the same improved data and ways to benefit from it. In 2012, Target started sending a young woman adverts for baby items, before the girl had a chance to tell her parents that she was expecting. We are figuring out that ads are becoming targeted – and feel creepy about advertising. Which leads to more advertising being pushed, since advertising is the major revenue stream for much of Internet-based market.
- Medical research, popularity contests, product and service reviews. Open and transparent customer support.
- The rise of social networking online means that people no longer have an expectation of privacy, according to Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. Talking at the Crunchie awards in San Francisco this weekend, the 25-year-old chief executive of the world's most popular social network said that privacy was no longer a "social norm". "People have really gotten comfortable not only sharing more information and different kinds, but more openly and with more people," he said. "That social norm is just something that has evolved over time."
- Beria was the longest-lived and most influential of Stalin's secret police chiefs. The Great Purge or the Great Terror (Russian: Большой террор) was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938, and continued into the 1940s. A great number of accusations, were based on forced confessions, often obtained through torture,[4] and on loose interpretations of Article 58 of the RSFSR Penal Code, which dealt with counter-revolutionary crimes. Hundreds of thousands of victims were accused of various political crimes (espionage, wrecking,sabotage, anti-Soviet agitation, conspiracies to prepare uprisings and coups); they were quickly executed by shooting, or sent to the Gulag labor camps. Many died at the penal labor camps of starvation, disease, exposure, and overwork. Other methods of dispatching victims were used on an experimental basis. After becoming chief of NKVD in 1938, oversaw a purge of ½ the organization – with people being sent to death and prison, including his former boss.
- Medtronic and car manufacturers claim ownership of the data produced by their respective devices (pace makers, stencils,
- The data subject has the right to be informed when his personal data is being processed. The data subject has the right to access all data processed about him. The data subject even has the right to demand the rectification, deletion or blocking of data that is incomplete, inaccurate or isn't being processed in compliance with the data protection rules. The data subject may object at any time to the processing of personal data for the purpose of direct marketing.
- The data subject has the right to be informed when his personal data is being processed. The data subject has the right to access all data processed about him. The data subject even has the right to demand the rectification, deletion or blocking of data that is incomplete, inaccurate or isn't being processed in compliance with the data protection rules. The data subject may object at any time to the processing of personal data for the purpose of direct marketing.
- Collecting and keeping consumer data is easy, convenient, comes with commercial benefits, but not a lot of costs – at least in the US. The legal framework in place provides virtually no rights to the data subject, i.e. consumers, thus relieving corporations of most of the responsibilities in regard to the data they hold. The majority of the cost of security breaches is generally passed to data holders. The onus is on the consumer to prove damages, and to prove that a particular data leak caused it. Consumer data is held and distributed by multiple entities, and in general consumers do not know (nor consent) what entities have access and distribution rights to their data. Cost of data ownership is higher in Europe, because data holders have responsibilities toward data subjects. As a result, corporations are more careful collecting, using, holding and distributing data – and disclosing to data subjects how their data is utilized.
- An honest, open examination of surveillance programs might show the choice is not so simple, says Ashkan Soltani, an independent security researcher. Casting such wide nets is also ineffective, he argues. Collecting mountains and mountains of data simply means that when the time comes to find that proverbial needle in a haystack, you've simply created a bigger haystack. "Law enforcement is being sold bill of goods that the more data you get, the better your security is. We find that is not true," Soltani said.