The document discusses the evolution of the English language, focusing on significant changes from the 17th to 18th centuries, including grammar, morphology, and vocabulary. It highlights key contributors such as Samuel Johnson and Shakespeare, while noting the establishment of a standard English language during this period. The text also covers the influence of Latin on sentence structure and the processes enriching the vocabulary.

1. A good name is better than riches.
Arbeit gibt Brot, Faulheit bringt Not.
Audi multa, loquere pauca.

2.  In New English there emerged one nation and one
national language. But the English literary norm was
formed only at the end of the 17 century, when there
appeared the first scientific English dictionaries and
 the first scientific English grammar. In the 17 and 18
centuries there appeared a great number of grammar
books whose authors tried to stabilize the use of the
language. Samuel Johnson, the author of the famous
Dictionary (1755). Many famous writers also greatly
contributed to the formation of English, and among
them, first and foremost, the great Shakespeare.
Samuel Johnson

3.  Nouns: only two cases (common and possessive),
 two numbers (singular and plural),
 no grammatical gender;
 some mutated plurals, a few -n plurals (shoes/shoon,
housen, eyen),
 some unmarked plurals (month, year, horse, fish); some
unmarked genitives (mother tongue, lady slipper);
 -s of genitives sometimes omitted when word ended in
sibilant (s-like sound)
NEW ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY

4.  Verbs: development of verb phrases; transformation of
strong verbs into weak; further reduction of verbal
inflections; decline in use of subjunctive; strong verbs
were becoming weak, disappearing or losing separate
forms for past and past participle (cling/clung/clung),
regular and irregular verbs; survival of some strong past
participles as adjectives (molten, sodden); weak verbs
became regular verbs; infinitive -n ending disappeared;
present indicative plural endings -n or -th disappeared; -
ing became universal present participle ending; -s and -
th were 3rd person singular present indicative endings,
eventually just -s; many changes in modal auxiliaries,
instability, loss of all non-finite forms, can/could,
mote/must, may/might, will/would as
NEW ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY

5.  Syntax of sentences - influence of Latin,
“elegant English,” long sentences featuring
subordination, parallelism, balanced clauses;
bus also native tradition, parataxis, use of
coordinators (but, and, for).
Syntax of sentences

6.  The vocabulary is changing quickly. Many new words
are formed to express new notions, which are
numerous. Ways of enriching the vocabulary:
 1. inner means
 2. outer means
MODERN ENGLISH VOCABULARY

7. …
English native words form two ethymological strata:
the Common Indo-European stratum and
the Common Germanic stratum.
ETHYMOLOGICAL STRATA
IN MODERN ENGLISH

8. THE FORMATION OF STANDARD LANGUAGE
In the 17th century the type of speech used in London
and in the Universities was unanimously proclaimed
the best type of English.
The use of standard speech as distinguished from local
dialect is insisted upon in the grammars and
dictionaries of the 18th century.

9. LONDON the 17th century

10. Early Modern English (1500-1800)
In 1604 the first English dictionary was published