This slide is presented by the students of AMU during their presentation. It contains Early Modern English and the changes that transformed the English in due course of time
It is about the changes that take place in the English Language due to The English Renaissance, Great Vowel Shift, Printing press, The Bible, Dictionaries and Grammars, Golden age of literature, William Shakespeare and International trade.
The document discusses the major influences on the English language from the 19th century onwards. It notes that during this period:
- The industrial revolution transformed Britain and led to rapid urbanization, changing social structures.
- Scientific and technological advances introduced many new terms related to medicine, electricity, automobiles, movies, radios, and wars. New words were also borrowed from other languages.
- Events like cheap newspapers and postage in the 1800s increased opportunities for sharing information and influenced language.
- The Oxford English Dictionary was a monumental work in the late 1800s that systematically documented the English language.
- English became an international language used widely around the world in the 20th century.
The document outlines the history and evolution of the English language from Old English to Modern English. It discusses how English was influenced by the Angles, Saxons, Vikings, Normans and others. Key periods mentioned are Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English and Late Modern English. Major influences included the Norman invasion, the printing press, British colonization, and two World Wars. Famous English writers like Shakespeare, Dickens, Wordsworth and Frost contributed new words and styles that further shaped the language.
The document discusses the development of the English language from Middle English to Modern English. It provides context around how English changed after the Norman conquest in 1066, when French became the dominant language until around 1200. Key events that influenced this change included the Norman invasion and conquest of England, which introduced many French words to English. By around 1150, English documents had shifted to colloquial dialects and Old English disappeared. The period from 1150-1500 is considered Middle English.
The document discusses the development of the English language from 1900 to present day. It notes that a large number of scientific and technological words have been added to the vocabulary in a short period of time, using Greek and Latin roots. World Wars I and II helped reduce differences between regional accents. The rise of technology and the British Empire were two key factors that contributed many new words to the language.
This detailed presentation gives a clear overview of the evolution of the English language throughout the ages.
Including the Old English, Middle English, Early Modern, Modern and Late Modern periods, the slideshow covers contextual elements, key features of language, key dates and examples of text for each.
Bullet points and images and a nice layout make the presentation concise and simple, while still containing a lot of information.
This presentation is suitable for English language A-level at A2 level (made for the WJEC A2 exam)
Correction: Old English example text states that the Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in the 19th century. This is a typo - it was actually the 9th century!
The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in English pronunciation between 1350 and 1700, where the pronunciation of long vowels changed. During this period, the two highest long vowels became diphthongs, and the other five underwent an increase in tongue height. This shift in vowel pronunciation led to inconsistencies between modern English spelling and pronunciation. The causes of the Great Vowel Shift are debated, but theories involve the social impacts of the Black Death and the rise of a standardized English dialect in London.
- The English language originated with Germanic tribes like the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invading Britain in the 5th century AD and displacing the native Celtic language. Their language was called Old English.
- In 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy bringing Norman French, which became the language of royalty and nobility. English became dominant again in the 14th century but incorporated many French words.
- Major changes from 1500-1800 included the Great Vowel Shift in pronunciation and the adoption of many new words from Britain's global expansion and the Renaissance, helping standardize the language.
It is about the changes that take place in the English Language due to The English Renaissance, Great Vowel Shift, Printing press, The Bible, Dictionaries and Grammars, Golden age of literature, William Shakespeare and International trade.
The document discusses the major influences on the English language from the 19th century onwards. It notes that during this period:
- The industrial revolution transformed Britain and led to rapid urbanization, changing social structures.
- Scientific and technological advances introduced many new terms related to medicine, electricity, automobiles, movies, radios, and wars. New words were also borrowed from other languages.
- Events like cheap newspapers and postage in the 1800s increased opportunities for sharing information and influenced language.
- The Oxford English Dictionary was a monumental work in the late 1800s that systematically documented the English language.
- English became an international language used widely around the world in the 20th century.
The document outlines the history and evolution of the English language from Old English to Modern English. It discusses how English was influenced by the Angles, Saxons, Vikings, Normans and others. Key periods mentioned are Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English and Late Modern English. Major influences included the Norman invasion, the printing press, British colonization, and two World Wars. Famous English writers like Shakespeare, Dickens, Wordsworth and Frost contributed new words and styles that further shaped the language.
The document discusses the development of the English language from Middle English to Modern English. It provides context around how English changed after the Norman conquest in 1066, when French became the dominant language until around 1200. Key events that influenced this change included the Norman invasion and conquest of England, which introduced many French words to English. By around 1150, English documents had shifted to colloquial dialects and Old English disappeared. The period from 1150-1500 is considered Middle English.
The document discusses the development of the English language from 1900 to present day. It notes that a large number of scientific and technological words have been added to the vocabulary in a short period of time, using Greek and Latin roots. World Wars I and II helped reduce differences between regional accents. The rise of technology and the British Empire were two key factors that contributed many new words to the language.
This detailed presentation gives a clear overview of the evolution of the English language throughout the ages.
Including the Old English, Middle English, Early Modern, Modern and Late Modern periods, the slideshow covers contextual elements, key features of language, key dates and examples of text for each.
Bullet points and images and a nice layout make the presentation concise and simple, while still containing a lot of information.
This presentation is suitable for English language A-level at A2 level (made for the WJEC A2 exam)
Correction: Old English example text states that the Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in the 19th century. This is a typo - it was actually the 9th century!
The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in English pronunciation between 1350 and 1700, where the pronunciation of long vowels changed. During this period, the two highest long vowels became diphthongs, and the other five underwent an increase in tongue height. This shift in vowel pronunciation led to inconsistencies between modern English spelling and pronunciation. The causes of the Great Vowel Shift are debated, but theories involve the social impacts of the Black Death and the rise of a standardized English dialect in London.
- The English language originated with Germanic tribes like the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invading Britain in the 5th century AD and displacing the native Celtic language. Their language was called Old English.
- In 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy bringing Norman French, which became the language of royalty and nobility. English became dominant again in the 14th century but incorporated many French words.
- Major changes from 1500-1800 included the Great Vowel Shift in pronunciation and the adoption of many new words from Britain's global expansion and the Renaissance, helping standardize the language.
A major change in the pronunciation of vowels took place in England between 1400- 1700. It was limited to only the English language. This presentation explains eight steps that led to the complete vowel shift.
The English language originated with the invasion of Britain in the 5th century AD by Germanic tribes from Denmark and northern Germany, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. These tribes brought their Germanic languages, which developed into Old English. Old English was later influenced by the Norman invasion in 1066, which introduced French words and created Middle English. English continued to evolve with influences from the Renaissance, printing press, and contact with other languages and cultures through the British Empire, leading to Early Modern and Late Modern English. Today there are many global varieties of English.
Late-Modern English has incorporated many new words due to two main factors: the Industrial Revolution and the British Empire. [1] The Industrial Revolution created a need for new technical words to describe inventions and discoveries, many formed from Latin and Greek roots or existing English roots. [2] The large British Empire introduced English words from other languages it encountered, such as Hindi, and words were adopted from virtually every language. [3] Military conflicts of the 20th century also contributed many terms to standard English from the widespread experience of military service.
The history of the English language can be traced back to before 100 BC when Celtic tribes inhabited Britain. In the 5th century AD, Germanic tribes invaded and introduced Old English. Old English was influenced by Viking invaders in the north. Between 1100-1450, Middle English developed as Norman French became the dominant language. Early Modern English emerged around 1470 with the introduction of the printing press. Latin had a strong influence on vocabulary. Since 1700, Late Modern English has become more standardized and similar to modern English with its widespread use globally.
Early Modern English developed between the 15th-17th centuries through two major influences: the Great Vowel Shift which changed pronunciation, and the invention of the printing press which increased literacy and standardized spelling. During this period, grammar became more fixed and many Latin and Greek words were introduced to the language. Shakespeare's writings in the late 16th/early 17th centuries helped further standardize English through his introduction of new words, phrases, and literary techniques.
History about English Periods especially "Early Modern English".
Early Modern English, Early New English (sometimes abbreviated to EModE, EMnE or EME) is the stage of the English language from the beginning of the Tudor period to the English Interregnum and Restoration, or from the transition from Middle English, in the late 15th century, to the transition to Modern English, in the mid-to-late 17th century.
Before and after the accession of James I to the English throne in 1603, the emerging English standard began to influence the spoken and written Middle Scots of Scotland.
The grammatical and orthographical conventions of literary English in the late 16th century and in the 17th century are still very influential on Modern Standard English. Most modern readers of English can understand texts written in the late phase of Early Modern English, such as the King James Bible and the works of William Shakespeare, and they have greatly influenced Modern English.
Texts from the earlier phase of Early Modern English, such as the late-15th century Le Morte d'Arthur (1485) and the mid-16th century Gorboduc (1561), may present more difficulties but are still obviously closer to Modern English grammar, lexicon and phonology than are 14th-century Middle English texts, such as the works of Geoffrey Chaucer.
Presentaion on Changes in English Language During RenaissancePrabhat Regon
The document summarizes the changes that occurred to the English language during the Renaissance period. Key changes included developments in grammar with new words like "kingly" and "manual", shifts in pronunciation of vowels like "a" and "e", changes in spelling of words, and a major expansion of the vocabulary with thousands of new words entering the English lexicon being borrowed from Latin and Greek. The Renaissance brought a flood of new knowledge and ideas that impacted the development of English.
The history of Standard English and the issues and implications of Standard English in the classroom and life. The confusion between Standard English and Received Pronunciation. http://spellingblog.howtospell.co.uk/
The history of the English language began with the invasion of Britain in the 5th century AD by three Germanic tribes - the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. They drove the native Celtic speakers west and north and brought their Germanic language, which developed into Old English. In 1066, William the Conqueror invaded and the Norman French language became dominant for a time among ruling classes. English re-emerged as dominant by the 14th century. As the British Empire expanded, English adopted words from many other languages and varieties of English emerged around the world. Today American English is particularly influential globally due to US cultural exports.
The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period. The Norman French became the new ruling class and ruling language over the next 200 years, leaving a significant influence on English vocabulary, society, and culture. Middle English had a simpler grammar compared to Old English, with changes like pronouns starting with "th" instead of "h". The Normans introduced over 10,000 words to English, especially terms related to government, law, war, and high society. Their influence combined French and English elements and reflected in clothing styles as well.
A power point presentation on Middle English by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
Pulak Barua Ex Lecturer Dept. of English Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
This document provides an overview of pidgins and creoles. It defines pidgins as contact languages that arise between distinct linguistic groups for communication, featuring reduced grammar and vocabulary. Creoles develop from pidgins when a new generation acquires the contact language as its native tongue, expanding its structure. The document outlines the processes of pidginization and creolization, and notes that creoles may decreolize over time to resemble the standard language. It provides examples of pidgins and creoles, and a model of their life cycle from jargon to creole and possible convergence with the standard form.
Modern linguistics emerged in the late 19th century with a shift from studying language changes over time to viewing each language as a structured system at a particular point in time. This formed the basis for structuralist linguistics. Key figures included Ferdinand de Saussure, who saw language as a system of arbitrary signs, and Henry Sweet and Baudouin de Courtenay, who focused on phonetics and phonology. In the 1920s, the Prague School was established with linguists like Trubetzkoy who developed phonological theory and placed emphasis on the phoneme, and Mathesius, Danes, and Firbas who studied the relationship between word order and discourse.
Standard English refers to the accepted form of the English language used for official purposes in Anglophone countries. It encompasses grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. In Britain, Standard English is associated with Received Pronunciation and UK Standard English, while in the US it is associated with General American.
There are some differences between British and American English, primarily in pronunciation but also in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. The differences are not huge, as the languages have remained relatively similar compared to other languages that diverged more after colonial periods.
World Englishes refers to localized varieties of English that have developed in former British colonies and areas influenced by the US. Over time, English varieties have emerged and adapted to local contexts
The document summarizes the development of the English language from the Modern Period (1500-1945) to present day. It covers key milestones like the Renaissance, the Great Vowel Shift, and developments in vocabulary and grammar. It also discusses the growing use of English as a global language and the increasing cross-cultural influences on the language over time.
1. Anglo-Saxon tribes established kingdoms in Britain around 410-500 AD and introduced Old English. Christianity arrived in 597 AD.
2. Vikings raided British monasteries beginning in 793 AD and some settled in Britain, introducing Old Norse words and place names to Old English.
3. After the Norman conquest of 1066, French became the language of the ruling class and administration in England while English remained the language of the common people. French loanwords were introduced.
The norman conquest and the subjection of englishocolunga
The Norman Conquest of 1066 had a significant impact on the English language. William, the Duke of Normandy, invaded England and defeated King Harold. As a result of the conquest, Norman French became the dominant language among the new Norman nobility and upper classes in England for the next 200+ years. English remained the primary language of the lower classes. Over time, the languages blended together as the Norman and English populations intermingled through marriage and social interaction. By the late 12th century, both the upper and educated classes had gained knowledge of English, while merchants and some middle class individuals knew French.
This document discusses the field of sociolinguistics. It begins by defining sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and society. The main areas studied in sociolinguistics are then outlined, including language varieties according to social class, region, and occupation. Additional topics covered are language contact between pidgins and creoles, language maintenance and shift, the causes and social aspects of language change, and approaches to language planning. In conclusion, sociolinguistics analyzes language use in real social contexts and considers language to be a social and cultural phenomenon.
This document provides an overview of syntax and constituency. It begins by defining syntax as the study of rules governing how words are combined to form sentences. The class will cover syntactic structure and the rules that determine this structure. Phrase structure rules specify constituents and how they are ordered to form phrases. Syntactic trees provide a visual representation of constituents and their hierarchical structure. Rules can apply recursively to generate complex sentences. Deep structure refers to the underlying meaning of sentences that may have different surface structures. Structural ambiguity occurs when one surface structure has multiple possible deep structures.
1) The document discusses the history of English literature from Old English to modern times, including influences from other languages like Norse, French, and Latin.
2) It outlines problems with English literature like changes in pronunciation over time and differences between American and British English. The mixing of many language sounds also causes difficulties.
3) Solutions proposed to problems with English literature include increasing exposure to English through reading, speaking, and listening in order to improve vocabulary and pronunciation.
Jonathan Swift was an Irish writer and clergyman in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He was politically engaged and wrote A Modest Proposal in 1729 to satirize the political situation in Ireland under British rule. At the time, Catholic Irish people faced extreme poverty and oppression under the Penal Laws enacted by Britain. In just three sentences, the document provides biographical context on Swift and outlines the political situation in Ireland involving the subjugation of the Catholic Irish majority that informed Swift's writing of A Modest Proposal.
A major change in the pronunciation of vowels took place in England between 1400- 1700. It was limited to only the English language. This presentation explains eight steps that led to the complete vowel shift.
The English language originated with the invasion of Britain in the 5th century AD by Germanic tribes from Denmark and northern Germany, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. These tribes brought their Germanic languages, which developed into Old English. Old English was later influenced by the Norman invasion in 1066, which introduced French words and created Middle English. English continued to evolve with influences from the Renaissance, printing press, and contact with other languages and cultures through the British Empire, leading to Early Modern and Late Modern English. Today there are many global varieties of English.
Late-Modern English has incorporated many new words due to two main factors: the Industrial Revolution and the British Empire. [1] The Industrial Revolution created a need for new technical words to describe inventions and discoveries, many formed from Latin and Greek roots or existing English roots. [2] The large British Empire introduced English words from other languages it encountered, such as Hindi, and words were adopted from virtually every language. [3] Military conflicts of the 20th century also contributed many terms to standard English from the widespread experience of military service.
The history of the English language can be traced back to before 100 BC when Celtic tribes inhabited Britain. In the 5th century AD, Germanic tribes invaded and introduced Old English. Old English was influenced by Viking invaders in the north. Between 1100-1450, Middle English developed as Norman French became the dominant language. Early Modern English emerged around 1470 with the introduction of the printing press. Latin had a strong influence on vocabulary. Since 1700, Late Modern English has become more standardized and similar to modern English with its widespread use globally.
Early Modern English developed between the 15th-17th centuries through two major influences: the Great Vowel Shift which changed pronunciation, and the invention of the printing press which increased literacy and standardized spelling. During this period, grammar became more fixed and many Latin and Greek words were introduced to the language. Shakespeare's writings in the late 16th/early 17th centuries helped further standardize English through his introduction of new words, phrases, and literary techniques.
History about English Periods especially "Early Modern English".
Early Modern English, Early New English (sometimes abbreviated to EModE, EMnE or EME) is the stage of the English language from the beginning of the Tudor period to the English Interregnum and Restoration, or from the transition from Middle English, in the late 15th century, to the transition to Modern English, in the mid-to-late 17th century.
Before and after the accession of James I to the English throne in 1603, the emerging English standard began to influence the spoken and written Middle Scots of Scotland.
The grammatical and orthographical conventions of literary English in the late 16th century and in the 17th century are still very influential on Modern Standard English. Most modern readers of English can understand texts written in the late phase of Early Modern English, such as the King James Bible and the works of William Shakespeare, and they have greatly influenced Modern English.
Texts from the earlier phase of Early Modern English, such as the late-15th century Le Morte d'Arthur (1485) and the mid-16th century Gorboduc (1561), may present more difficulties but are still obviously closer to Modern English grammar, lexicon and phonology than are 14th-century Middle English texts, such as the works of Geoffrey Chaucer.
Presentaion on Changes in English Language During RenaissancePrabhat Regon
The document summarizes the changes that occurred to the English language during the Renaissance period. Key changes included developments in grammar with new words like "kingly" and "manual", shifts in pronunciation of vowels like "a" and "e", changes in spelling of words, and a major expansion of the vocabulary with thousands of new words entering the English lexicon being borrowed from Latin and Greek. The Renaissance brought a flood of new knowledge and ideas that impacted the development of English.
The history of Standard English and the issues and implications of Standard English in the classroom and life. The confusion between Standard English and Received Pronunciation. http://spellingblog.howtospell.co.uk/
The history of the English language began with the invasion of Britain in the 5th century AD by three Germanic tribes - the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. They drove the native Celtic speakers west and north and brought their Germanic language, which developed into Old English. In 1066, William the Conqueror invaded and the Norman French language became dominant for a time among ruling classes. English re-emerged as dominant by the 14th century. As the British Empire expanded, English adopted words from many other languages and varieties of English emerged around the world. Today American English is particularly influential globally due to US cultural exports.
The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period. The Norman French became the new ruling class and ruling language over the next 200 years, leaving a significant influence on English vocabulary, society, and culture. Middle English had a simpler grammar compared to Old English, with changes like pronouns starting with "th" instead of "h". The Normans introduced over 10,000 words to English, especially terms related to government, law, war, and high society. Their influence combined French and English elements and reflected in clothing styles as well.
A power point presentation on Middle English by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
Pulak Barua Ex Lecturer Dept. of English Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
This document provides an overview of pidgins and creoles. It defines pidgins as contact languages that arise between distinct linguistic groups for communication, featuring reduced grammar and vocabulary. Creoles develop from pidgins when a new generation acquires the contact language as its native tongue, expanding its structure. The document outlines the processes of pidginization and creolization, and notes that creoles may decreolize over time to resemble the standard language. It provides examples of pidgins and creoles, and a model of their life cycle from jargon to creole and possible convergence with the standard form.
Modern linguistics emerged in the late 19th century with a shift from studying language changes over time to viewing each language as a structured system at a particular point in time. This formed the basis for structuralist linguistics. Key figures included Ferdinand de Saussure, who saw language as a system of arbitrary signs, and Henry Sweet and Baudouin de Courtenay, who focused on phonetics and phonology. In the 1920s, the Prague School was established with linguists like Trubetzkoy who developed phonological theory and placed emphasis on the phoneme, and Mathesius, Danes, and Firbas who studied the relationship between word order and discourse.
Standard English refers to the accepted form of the English language used for official purposes in Anglophone countries. It encompasses grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. In Britain, Standard English is associated with Received Pronunciation and UK Standard English, while in the US it is associated with General American.
There are some differences between British and American English, primarily in pronunciation but also in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. The differences are not huge, as the languages have remained relatively similar compared to other languages that diverged more after colonial periods.
World Englishes refers to localized varieties of English that have developed in former British colonies and areas influenced by the US. Over time, English varieties have emerged and adapted to local contexts
The document summarizes the development of the English language from the Modern Period (1500-1945) to present day. It covers key milestones like the Renaissance, the Great Vowel Shift, and developments in vocabulary and grammar. It also discusses the growing use of English as a global language and the increasing cross-cultural influences on the language over time.
1. Anglo-Saxon tribes established kingdoms in Britain around 410-500 AD and introduced Old English. Christianity arrived in 597 AD.
2. Vikings raided British monasteries beginning in 793 AD and some settled in Britain, introducing Old Norse words and place names to Old English.
3. After the Norman conquest of 1066, French became the language of the ruling class and administration in England while English remained the language of the common people. French loanwords were introduced.
The norman conquest and the subjection of englishocolunga
The Norman Conquest of 1066 had a significant impact on the English language. William, the Duke of Normandy, invaded England and defeated King Harold. As a result of the conquest, Norman French became the dominant language among the new Norman nobility and upper classes in England for the next 200+ years. English remained the primary language of the lower classes. Over time, the languages blended together as the Norman and English populations intermingled through marriage and social interaction. By the late 12th century, both the upper and educated classes had gained knowledge of English, while merchants and some middle class individuals knew French.
This document discusses the field of sociolinguistics. It begins by defining sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and society. The main areas studied in sociolinguistics are then outlined, including language varieties according to social class, region, and occupation. Additional topics covered are language contact between pidgins and creoles, language maintenance and shift, the causes and social aspects of language change, and approaches to language planning. In conclusion, sociolinguistics analyzes language use in real social contexts and considers language to be a social and cultural phenomenon.
This document provides an overview of syntax and constituency. It begins by defining syntax as the study of rules governing how words are combined to form sentences. The class will cover syntactic structure and the rules that determine this structure. Phrase structure rules specify constituents and how they are ordered to form phrases. Syntactic trees provide a visual representation of constituents and their hierarchical structure. Rules can apply recursively to generate complex sentences. Deep structure refers to the underlying meaning of sentences that may have different surface structures. Structural ambiguity occurs when one surface structure has multiple possible deep structures.
1) The document discusses the history of English literature from Old English to modern times, including influences from other languages like Norse, French, and Latin.
2) It outlines problems with English literature like changes in pronunciation over time and differences between American and British English. The mixing of many language sounds also causes difficulties.
3) Solutions proposed to problems with English literature include increasing exposure to English through reading, speaking, and listening in order to improve vocabulary and pronunciation.
Jonathan Swift was an Irish writer and clergyman in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He was politically engaged and wrote A Modest Proposal in 1729 to satirize the political situation in Ireland under British rule. At the time, Catholic Irish people faced extreme poverty and oppression under the Penal Laws enacted by Britain. In just three sentences, the document provides biographical context on Swift and outlines the political situation in Ireland involving the subjugation of the Catholic Irish majority that informed Swift's writing of A Modest Proposal.
The document discusses the history and evolution of verb-adverb combinations in the English language from Old English to modern times. It traces how these combinations developed and were influenced by various historical periods and linguistic changes, including the Norman conquest of England in the 11th century, the Renaissance period, and 20th century mass media and technology. Throughout these eras, verb-adverb combinations reflected not just linguistic transformations but also societal, cultural, and technological influences, serving as linguistic artifacts of the dynamic evolution of the English language.
English originated from Germanic tribes invading Britain in the 5th century AD. These tribes brought Old English, which evolved into Middle English after Norman French influences in the 11th century. Middle English later became Early Modern English with the Great Vowel Shift and influx of words from other languages and colonies. Today's Modern English continues to be influenced globally and differs between places like America, Britain, Australia and more.
The document summarizes the history of the English language in 3 periods: Old English (600-1100 AD), Middle English (1100-1500 AD), and Modern English (1500 onwards). It describes how the language evolved from Old English brought by Anglo-Saxons, to Middle English which saw influence from Norman French after the 1066 Norman invasion, to Modern English which was further influenced by the Renaissance, translations of the Bible, and invention of the printing press. The language transitioned from a mixture of dialects to a more standardized form of English over these periods.
Here are some examples of books and films featuring dialects, sociolects, pidgins or creoles:
- To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee features the dialect of the Deep South of the United States in the 1930s.
- The film Moonlight uses the African American Vernacular English (AAVE) spoken in Miami.
- Books by Jamaica Kincaid such as Annie John depict Antiguan Creole English.
- The film Cool Runnings features the Jamaican Patois dialect.
- Novels by Salman Rushdie such as Midnight's Children incorporate elements of dialects from the Indian subcontinent.
- Films set in Hawaii often include the Hawaiian Pidgin English
The document discusses the history and evolution of the English language from its origins to modern times. It describes how Old English emerged after Germanic tribes invaded Britain in the 5th century AD and was later influenced by Viking invaders. It then explains how the Norman invasion in 1066 introduced French influences and led to the development of Middle English. The document also outlines the standardization of English that began in the 15th century with the introduction of the printing press and how English has continued to change and spread globally due to various social, political and technological factors over the centuries.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of English monolingual lexicography. It discusses some of the earliest English dictionaries created in the 17th century and influential dictionaries from the 18th century onward. It also covers topics like definition writing, selecting dictionary entries, including grammatical information, and arranging word senses.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of English monolingual dictionaries, including some key milestones. It discusses early dictionaries from the 17th century aimed at explaining hard words. Samuel Johnson's 1755 dictionary established conventions like citing literature and full vocabulary coverage. Modern dictionaries strive to put the modern meaning first, though this is difficult without corpus evidence. Definition writing has evolved from literary styles to being more concise and clarifying different senses.
Presentation include the brief historical description of old English periods. It includes all the periods which describes the timeline of events that occurred in each periods
The history of the English language began with Germanic tribes invading Britain and bringing Old English in the 5th century, replacing the local Celtic language. In the 11th century, Norman French was introduced after the Norman conquest, influencing the development of Middle English. Modern English emerged in the 15th-16th centuries due to the Great Vowel Shift and influx of words from other languages through exploration and colonization. American English developed distinct varieties from British English starting in the 17th century. English continues evolving with influences from around the world due to British imperialism and American cultural dominance.
The renaissance, 1500–1650. By Manuel Gracia BaezManuell GB
The document discusses the changes to the English language during the Renaissance period from the 14th to 17th centuries. It covers several key areas:
1) The introduction of many new words from Latin, Greek, and other European languages to enrich the vocabulary as English was used in more advanced fields. This led to some opposition over "inkhorn terms."
2) Debates around standardizing spelling and establishing rules of grammar as the language became more widely used. Factors like printing, education, and social conformity influenced this.
3) While some borrowed words were rejected, many became permanent additions and influenced the development of English. Native words were also revived or derived from roots.
4) Contemporary writers
The English language has been influenced by many other languages and cultures over time. Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, Latin, Old Norse, French, and Dutch languages all contributed vocabulary. Events like the Norman invasion and works like Shakespeare's plays and the King James Bible further standardized spelling and grammar. The development of science and the British Empire expanded the language. More recently, the internet has accelerated changes with new abbreviations and terms. Today, over 1.5 billion people speak English globally in countries with their own English-based creoles.
The document summarizes the history and development of the English language from its origins with Germanic tribes invading Britain in the 5th century AD to modern times. It discusses the various periods of Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Late Modern English. It also touches on the influence of other languages like French and the development of American and other varieties of English. The English language has evolved significantly over time in its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation.
The Oxford English Dictionary was first published in 1884 with the intention of recording every word used in the English language since 1150 and tracing its origins and meanings. The project took over 40 years to complete and included contributions from volunteers around the world. To this day, the Oxford English Dictionary continues to be updated regularly to account for the ever-changing nature of the English language.
History of English of the most beautifullanguage.pdfandrei13371
The history of the English language began with Germanic tribes invading Britain and bringing Old English in the 5th century AD. Old English later evolved into Middle English after the Norman invasion in 1066 introduced French words. Modern English emerged in the 15th century and continued to be influenced by events like the Renaissance, the printing press, the British Empire, and American settlement, gaining vocabulary from many other languages. Today there are many global varieties of English.
The document discusses the rise of English as a global language. It provides several reasons for English becoming the dominant international language, including the political, economic, and cultural power of English-speaking countries like Britain and the United States over the past few centuries. As English spread through colonization and globalization, it took on new varieties and became embedded in systems of education, business, science/technology, and popular culture around the world. The future of English is uncertain, but it is currently in a unique position of being learned by more second language speakers than first language speakers globally.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He wrote 37 plays and is considered the greatest dramatist of all time. Stratford was a small market town about 100 miles from London, which had a population of over 150,000 at the time. Shakespeare lived in both Stratford and London, where he acted in and owned a stake in the Globe Theatre, building it in 1599. His plays helped establish modern English by introducing over 3,000 new words to the language and combining classical and new traditions.
The document summarizes key developments in the English language from 1600 to present day, including:
- Shakespeare wrote many influential plays in the 1600s that explored language and themes. The King James Bible was published in 1611 and helped standardize English.
- In the 1700s and 1800s, English vocabulary expanded due to trade and colonization. Johnson's dictionary was published in 1755. The 19th century saw the rise of novels, newspapers, children's books, and dialect poetry.
- The 20th century brought new technologies like film, radio, and television which influenced language usage and spread dialects more widely. Feminist movements in the 1960s-70s advocated for women's rights and
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
2. 4 June 2018
2
Early
Modern
English:
Changes in
Language
The English
Renaissance
Great Vowel
Shift
Printing Press
and
Standardization
The Bible
Dictionaries
and
Grammars
Golden Age of
Literature
William
Shakespeare
International
Trade
3. 4 June 2018
3
Selim Hossain
• The English Renaissance
• Great Vowel Shift
Akram Reza
• Printing Press and Standardization
• The Bible
Tohidur Rahman
• Dictionaries and Grammars
• Golden Age of English Literature
Varun Verma
.William Shakespeare
• International Trade
4. 4 June 2018
4
The English Renaissance
The beginning of the Modern Age in history of English
Language.
Classical Renaissance-Italy-words of Latin origin, from Latin
roots.
Medieval age-mostly as a sacred(and not secular)medium
of expression.
The English Renaissance roughly covers the 16th and the
early 17th century.
5. 4 June 2018
5
Vocabulary
Impossible to compute the number of words, new
contributions 1500-1650-around 12000 new
words(Routledge History of English Literature).
Rich in synonyms, alternative phrasings, allowing
switches in formality between written and spoken
Language.
6. 4 June 2018
6
New words during
Renaissance
Spanish/Portuegese:
Banana
Embargo
Tobacco
French:
Bizanne
Detail
Volunteer
Persian:
Caravan
Italian:
Balcony
Design
Stanza
Dutch:
Yatch
Turkish:
Coffee
Latin:
Appropriate
Contradictory
Utopia
Vacuum
7. 4 June
2018
7
Inkhorn Controversy
Issues of Latin and Greek Words in English.
One group: Latin and Greek were superior
resources-The words derived from these Languages
have to be ‘Englished’-made into English Words.
Another group: Such Greek words corrupted the
native vernacular by displacing it with ‘Inkhorn’
terms.
A desire to replace Latin with English as the
national Language.
8. 4 June 2018
8
Great Vowel Shift
A radical change in the pronunciation of English
vowels.
7 long vowels, 3 short vowels and 5 diphthongs
underwent changes.
House-/hu:s/
Sheep-/sep/
About-/ebu:t/
Me-/ma/
Fool-/Fo:l/
10. 4 June 2018
10
Printing Press and Standardization:
Brief History
Major factor in development of English
language, advent of Printing Press.
1450, Johann Gutenberg invented Printing
Press in Germany.
1476, William Caxton brought it into
England.
“The Recuyell Of Historyes Of Troye”,
the first book printed in England was Of
Caxton.
Over 20,000 books were published in
following 150 years.
11. 4 June 2018
11
First Printing Press
Printing Press
invention
The process of
printing
Image Courtesy : Google
12. 4 June
2018
12
Influences of Printing Press:
Books became cheaper and commonly available,
hence literacy mushroomed.
Chancery of Westmininster made effort to
standardize English in 1430s, but Printing Press
carried the Standardization forward.
It popularized new coinages and newly
introduced words.
Getting into print = accepted part of language
Fixed spellings = lesser uncertainties.
13. 4 June
2018
13
Why Standardization ?
Five major dialects divisions in England,
therefore the variations in spellings and
pronunciations were inevitable.
Map : The Dialects of English during the advent of Printing Press
Source : Internet/web
Image Courtesy : Google
14. 4 June 2018
14
The Bible:
Major shaping influence, a long controversial
history.
1382-Wycliff’s translation from Latin English into
Middle English.
1526-Tyndale’s translation of the New Testament
from Greek.
Tyndale printed his Bible in Secrecy in Germany.
Tyndale was executed in 1536 for smuggling.
“People should be able to read the Bible in their
own Language”- Tyndale
15. 4 June
2018
15
1611- ‘King James Bible’ Published.
54 scholars and clerics were put together for the
compilation.
King James Bible was an attempt to standardize
the plethora of the new Bibles.
•Page from John Wycliffe’s
bible. •Picture of Tyndale and his
Bible of !526.
•King James Bible of 1611
Image Courtesy : Google
16. 4 June
2018
16
Contribution of Bible in Early
Modern English:
Grammar:
Older word order
They knew him not, thinks eternal, God doth know
your cup runneth over.
Irregular verbs
Spake, wist, gat
‘His’ as a possessive form
“If the salt have lost his savour, werewith shall it be
salted”
17. 4 June
2018
17
Revival of Archaic Words:
Biblical usage has revived some of the
lost words into full life, such as;
‘Damsel’ for young women.
‘Raiment and apparel’ for dress.
‘Firmament’ a poetical synonym for
sky.
Proverbial expressions:
Money is the root of all evil.
All things to all me.
The blind leading the blind.
At their wits end.
Valley of the shadow of the death.
19. 4 June 2018
19
Dictionaries and Grammars
Dictionaries:
A Table Alphabetical(1604)-Robert Cawdrey
An Universal Etymological English
Dictionary(1721)-Nathaniel Bailey
Dictionary of English Language(1755)-Samuel
Johnson
Oxford English Dictionary(1884)
20. 4 June 2018
20
Oxford English
Dictionary
A Table
Alphabetical
Etymological
English
Dictionary
Dictionary
of English
Language
Oxford
English
Dictionary
Image Courtesy : Google
21. 4 June 2018
21
John Cheke’s proposed for removal of all silent
letter.
William Bullokar’s 1580 recommendation of a
new 37 letter alphabet.
Attempt to ban certain words.
Jonathan Swift sought to purify and fix English
forever.
Thomas Sherdien regulated English
Pronunciation. His book “British Education”-1756
aimed at cultured British and Scottish Society.
Grammar:
22. 4 June 2018
22
A short Introduction to English
Grammar(1762)-Robert Lowth
English Grammar(1794)-Lindley Murray
Rudiments of English Grammar- Joseph
Priestly
English Grammar Books of the
18th Century
23. 4 June 2018
23
Robert Lowth
•Extremely
prescriptive
Lindley
Murray
Joseph
Priestly
•Grammar is
defined by
common usage
Image Courtesy : Google
24. 4 June 2018
24
English Newspapers:
Courante or Weekly News(first English
newspaper)(1662)
London Gazette(1665)
The Daily Courant(1702)
The Times of London(1790)
The Tatler
The Spectator
25. 4 June 2018
25
London
Gazette
1)The Oxford
Gazette
2)Official
Gazette of
British
Government
3)First
published in
7th Nov 1665
The Times Of
London
1)First
published in
1785
2)The Daily
Universal
Register
3)Lends its
name to TOI,
NYT, The
Times of
London
The Tatler
1) Founded by
Richard Steele
in 1709
2) Tatler was
introduced on
3 July 1901 by
Clement
Shorter
The Spectator
1)Founded by
Addison and
Steele
2)Weekly
Magazine
3)Politics,
Culture and
Current Affairs
4)Support
Conservative
party
Image Courtesy : Google
26. 4 June 2018
26
Early modern period(16th 18th century)
Industrial revolution(18th and early 19th century)
Computer and digital age(20th century)
Between 1500 and 1650-(10000-12000) words
added
English was earlier not used for scientific
purpose and Latin or French is used
Scientist like Isaac Newton, William Harvey all
wrote in Latin
Edward Gibbon Wrote his works in French and
then translated into English and coined several
words like thermometer, pneumonia, skeleton and
encyclopaedia.
Golden Age of English Literature:
27. 4 June 2018
27
Newton(1704)-wrote Opticks in English
and introduced words like lens, refraction,
etc
Thomas Wyatts Experimentation with
different poetic forms in the 16th century and
introduced sonnet in Europe
Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare,
John Milton, John Dryden, Andrew Marvell,
Alexander Pope also began writing in English
28. 4 June 2018
28
Sir Thomas Elyot gave words like animate,
describe, esteem, maturity, exhaust and
modesty-16th century
Sir Thomas More gave-absurdity, active,
communicate, education, utopia, acceptance,
exact, explain, exaggerate
Milton coined 630 words like lovelorn,
fragrance and pandemonium.
Ben Jonson- damp, defunct, strenuous,
clumsy
John Donne- Self-preservation, valediction.
Sir Philip Sydney- bugbear, miniature, dumb-
stricken, far-stretched
30. 4 June 2018
30
Shakespeare and his
sayings/phrases
William Shakespeare (English poet and
playwright: 1564-1616)
All that glitters is not gold---the merchant of
Venice
All’s well that ends well-------All’s well that
ends well
Jealousy is green-eyed monster---Othello
A dog will have its day—Hamlet
A sorry sight----Macbeth
31. 4 June 2018
31
SHAKESPEARE’S CONTRIBUTION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Coined 2035 words
(Hamlet alone has 600 new words)
1700 words -first used
His works have 80 different translations
Wrote 38 plays, poems especially 154 sonnets
an 2 long narrative poems
Plays are comedies tragedies and histories
Plays based on works of classical and
contemporary playwrights.
Recycled older stories and historical material.
E.g. the winter’s tale play derived from Robert
Greene’s “Pandosto”
32. 4 June 2018
32
Shakespeare’s Art of
prose/poetry/dramatic writing
Use of blank verse
Use of Free speech rhythm
Complex emotions in simple expressions
Depth of content and variety of emotion
Constant change in speech and Swift turn
of thoughts
33. 4 June 2018
33
International Trade:
British Naval Superiority
Trade words borrowed from- Spain, Portugal
and Netherlands
Fusion Of Language
Helped in mixing English as Global Language