The document discusses various topics related to information in business organizations, including types of information, information flow, decision making, gathering and presenting information, and information forms. It identifies two main types of information - external and internal information. External information comes from outside the organization and has a high level of uncertainty, while internal information is gathered within the organization and has a lower level of uncertainty. The document also examines how information flows both vertically between different management levels, and horizontally between departments and managers. It notes that information flows support material flows and connect them to decision makers. Finally, the document explores different ways of gathering and presenting information, such as through reports, statistics, files and graphical forms like pie charts, bar graphs and histograms.

1. “The firm and information”
They cannot be separated
Prepared by :
Yakov Rabinovich
Zatonskiy Evgeny
Yarovaya Anastasia
Zhgun Cristina
1

2. Agenda
1. Types of
information
2. Information
flow
3. Decision-
making
4. Gathering
and
presenting
5.Information
forms
2

3. 1. Types of
information
2. Information
flow
3. Decision-
making
4. Gathering
and
presenting
5.Information
forms
3

4. You are not inside you are outside…
4
Information flow Decision-making Gathering inf. FormsTypes
Source : Business organization. Third edition M.
Richards, Brainstorming.
External
Internal
Type Characteristics Sources
 High level of uncertainty
 Available for everyone
 Gathered by the
third party
 Low-cost information
 Free access
 Low level of uncertainty
 Government
 Trade grouping
 Financial information
 Data bases & research
 Personnel information
 Marketing ( And others)

5. 1. Types of
information
2. Information
flow
3. Decision-
making
4. Gathering
and
presenting
5.Information
forms
5

6. 6
Information flow Decision-making Gathering inf. FormsTypes
Source : Business organization. Third edition M.
Richards, Google, brainstorming.
Information flows are the mirror of the activities in the firm
External
Internal
Among managers
Among departments
Formal analysis
 Cost
 Time
 Path
Information flows support the material flows and are the
connector between material flows and decision makers.

7. 1. Types of
information
2. Information
flow
3. Decision-
making
4. Gathering
and
presenting
5.Information
forms
7

8. Levels of information – the strata of management
8Source : Business organization. Third edition M.
Richards.
Senior
Managers
Forecasts
Middle
Managers
Supervisors/
Junior
Managers
Performance
statistics
Staff /
Operatives
Monitoring
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
Filtered
Filtered
Exception
Reports
Exception
Reports
Types Information flow Decision-making Gathering inf. Forms

9. 1. Types of
information
2. Information
flow
3. Decision-
making
4. Gathering
and
presenting
5.Information
forms
9

10. 10
Information flow Decision-making Gathering inf. FormsTypes
Source : Google, Brainstorming.
Press Reports
An effective information gathering must be used to increase the efficiency
Legislation
Official
statistics
Personnel files
Business information

11. 1. Types of
information
2. Information
flow
3. Decision-
making
4. Gathering
and
presenting
5.Information
forms
11

12. 12
Information flow Decision-making Gathering inf. FormsTypes
Source : Google, Brainstorming.
Graphical forms make it easier to present the results
Pie chart Bar graphs Histogram
Statistical map Frequency polygon

13. Thank you for your attention !
13

14. Q&A session
14
1. Name the levels of information
2. What are the advantages of an external
information?
3. What is the difference between horizontal and
vertical information flows ?
4. How the process of exchanging of information
happens?
5. What was the biggest challenge being a decision-
maker