The document discusses the role and tools of monetary policy in the United States. It describes how Alan Greenspan and Ben Bernanke served as chairs of the Federal Reserve and how the Fed aims to manage monetary policy to achieve full employment and price stability. It outlines the Fed's main tools of monetary policy, including open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements, and how these tools can be used to either ease or tighten the money supply.

1. Monetary Policy Alan Greenspan: Was The 2 nd most powerful Person in the US. the “ Fed ”

2. GOALS OF MONETARY POLICY … to assist the economy in achieving a full employment , noninflationary level of output Ben Bernanke : The New Man in charge at the Fed: Took over January 2006. Scored 1590 on SAT

3. The Federal Reserve - 1913

4. The FOMC Meeting Room in Washington DC The FOMC meets around a 27-foot oval mahogany table in a room with a 23-foot ceiling with a 1,000-pound chandelier .

5. New reserves $800 Excess Reserves $ 4000 Money created thru Bank Lending Mischa Barton Deposits $1,000 In Her Bank [ RR is 20 % ] $ 200 RR $ 1000 Initial Deposit TMS is $ 5,000 Mischa from the O.C. [member of the public] Mischa Barton’s

6. New reserves $1,000 Excess Reserves $ 5,000 New money Created thru lending Fed buys a $ 1,000 Bond from Mischa’s Bank TMS is $5000 20% RR Fed Mischa Barton’s

7. The Fed’s 25 Branches

8. Functions of the Fed Refund Check Destroy/Issue paper notes

9. 4. Several Thousand Member Banks

10. Recent GDP

11. “ When the party gets too good, it’s the job of the Fed to take away the punch bowl.” The Fed’s policy is “If you see inflation, its too late. Whip it before it gets out of the box.” During a recession, the Fed is happy to “spike the punch.”

12. If The Economy Is Exceeding The FE GDP Speed Limit Of 4% -

13. Beating the Inflation Dragon

14. See if you can understand some “GREEN-SPEAK”

15. “ For Richer or For Poorer ” For Andrea, it took 12 years to get a marriage proposal she could understand. [She got 3, but didn’t understand what he was saying]

16. G reenspan S worn in for a 5 th 4 -year T erm

18. Y R Real GDP D M Investment Demand Reall Interest Rate 10 8 6 0 Money Market QID1 “ Easy Money” During Recessions MS 1 AS AD 1 P 1 10 8 6 0 MS 2 P 2 Price level Buy If there is RECESSION MS will be increased. QID2 D I Y* “ Easy Money” – (Buy/Sell) bonds, which (increase/decrease) MS, which (increase/decrease) interest rates, which (appreciate/depreciate) the dollar, which (increase/decrease) C, Ig, & Xn, which (increase/decrease ) AD & therefore, PL, GDP, & emp. E 1 E 2 AD 2 “ Students, should the Fed increase or decrease the money supply?” Jobs are tough to get. LRAS

19. D I AD 1 Y I D m Investment Demand Reall Interest Rate 10 8 6 0 Money Market QID 2 AS 10 8 6 0 P 2 MS 1 P 1 MS 2 If there is INFLATION , MS will be decreased. Sell QID 1 Y * “ Tight Money” during Inflation “ Tight Money” – (Buy/Sell) bonds, which (incr/decr) the MS, which (incr/decr) in. rates, which (apprec/deprec) the dollar, which (incr/decr) C, Ig, & Xn, which (incr/decr) AD, PL, & GDP. E 1 E 2 AD 2 “ Now, should I buy or sell ?” “ I’ll get rid of some money.” LRAS

20. Y R Y * Investment Demand 9 % 6% 3 % 0 Money Market $50 $60 AS AD 1 PL 1 9 % 6 % 3 % 0 MS 2 AD 2 PL 2 $70 Y I AD 3 D I D m PL 3 MS 1 MS 3 $100 120 140 Q I D I =$50] I =$60 I =$70 RDO The ideal economy is AD 2 , with I.R. at 6% & Ig at $60 billion .

22. First Board of Governors, 1914

23. Scored 1590 on SAT VP

25. 2. Reserve Requirement - most powerful (seldom used) - affects money creation by changing ER and the multiplier - an increase of ½ of 1 % would increase bank reserves by over $5 billion - RR was 20% from 1937-1958 Sledgehammer of M onetary P olicy RR - Atomic Bomb of Monetary Policy

26. $10,000 [$9,000+$1,000] [In 1980, the RR was set at 12%; stayed there until 1992; went to 10%] “ E asy M oney ” AS AD 1 AD 2 Y R Y * PL $1,000 Initial deposit $900 [$900x10] $1,000 $810 $729 Monetary Expansion [10% RR] [1/.10=10] “ Easy Money” The Reserve Requirement “ Easy Money” – increase the money supply

27. $5,000 [$4,000+$1,000] “ Tight Money” - decrease the money suply RR at 20% - Tight Money Monetary Expansion (20% RR) [1/.20=M D of 5] “ Tight Money” $1,000 Initial deposit $800 $640 $512

28. 3. Discount Rate Fed loans to banks Hurricane EarthQuake FL borrowed $99 million In 1991

29. Part of Uncle Sam’s Menu

32. Only “fiscal or monetary policy” can get me back on my feet and allow “Sam” to get back up. “ Help”

33. Presidents try to put a positive spin on a struggling economy

36. The End