http://www.Media4MathPlus.com
In this issue of Math in the News we look at the foreign exchange market and the rise of the Chinese Yuan. The Yuan has become a significant player in the foreign exchange market and we look at currency exchange, and how to convert from one currency to another by solving a proportion. This issue provides an excellent opportunity to introduce the mathematics of money on the international market.
http://www.Media4MathPlus.com
In this issue of Math in the News we look at the foreign exchange market and the rise of the Chinese Yuan. The Yuan has become a significant player in the foreign exchange market and we look at currency exchange, and how to convert from one currency to another by solving a proportion. This issue provides an excellent opportunity to introduce the mathematics of money on the international market.
In Forex Trading, Forex traders often use forex trading terms that can be ambiguous for starters. This slideshare describes essential forex trading terminologies for such traders.
This slideshow briefs about Barter system including qualities, value, types and functions of money. This also briefs about concept of liquidity and concept of demand for money.
In Forex Trading, Forex traders often use forex trading terms that can be ambiguous for starters. This slideshare describes essential forex trading terminologies for such traders.
This slideshow briefs about Barter system including qualities, value, types and functions of money. This also briefs about concept of liquidity and concept of demand for money.
Assignment for my macroeconomics class covering fiancial markets, financial intermediaries & institutions, the federal government deficit as well as time value money concepts.
1. Following the stock market crash in October 1987 and the terror.docxjeremylockett77
1. Following the stock market crash in October 1987 and the terrorist attack in September 2001 the Federal Reserve rapidly increased the amount of money in circulation and lowered interest rates. Why did the Federal Reserve take these actions and what impact do you believe they had?
2. From early 2005 through August 2006, the Federal Reserve steadily raised short term interest rates, being concerned about potential inflationary pressures. It then held short term rates steady through August 2007, saying that it remained very watchful about possible inflationary dangers. However in September 2007 it suddenly dropped rates and took other steps to aid capital market liquidity. Recently short term rates have been maintained at extremely low rates (effectively zero percent for a while). Now there are fears of a double-dip recession and potential deflation on one hand and other fears of potential high inflation in the foreseeable future. If you were sitting on the Open Market Committee today, how would you go about deciding what policy path to take, particularly given the lag in the effect of some monetary policies on the real economy?
Note on Money and Monetary Policy
Fiscal and monetary policy represent two fundamental tools of macroeconomics. In the 1930s, John Maynard Keynes focused attention on the power of countercyclical fiscal policy, an emphasis that dominated policy circles in the United States and elsewhere at least into the 1960s. Since then, however, policymakers in many countries have relied more heavily on monetary policy to manage the business cycle.
Changes in intellectual fashion and political calculation have driven this shift. Policymakers have learned that the legislative process is often too slow to allow for fiscal fine tuning, since the budget cannot always be adjusted fast enough in the face of rapidly changing economic circumstances. They have also discovered that fiscal policy suffers a systematic bias in favor of stimulus because national legislatures generally find it politically easier to run deficits than surpluses. Monetary policy, by contrast, may be less prone to such problems. Central banks can change policy relatively quickly in response to new conditions. Moreover, central banks are often insulated from domestic political pressures and so better able to impose economic restraint.
The Money Identity
In theory, monetary policy rests on a simple identity: economic output, measured in current dollars, equals the amount of money in circulation multiplied by how often that money changes hands. Economists will recognize this as
MxV=PxQ
in which M equals the money supply, V the velocity or turnover of money, P the price level, and Q the quantity of output. Each side of the identity equals nominal GDP; and Q, by itself, represents real GDP .
Like most identities, this one clarifies important relationships but also conceals difficult questions that require answers if it is to be used effectiv ...
AIOU Code 811 Monetary Theory and Policy Solved Notes Slides In English.pdfZawarali786
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How does the FED stabilize economies?
1. How does The Fed Use Money to Stabilize Economies? Monetary Policy Money, Measures, Time Value, Creation
2. What is SCRILLA? (Money) Medium of Exchange Can trade with it Unit of Account (Value) Shows worth Store of Value Maintains value
3. 3 types of $ are included in the Money Supply, the FED Controls M1 and M2 MONEY SUPPLY
4. Types of Cash Stacks: M1 M1 Currencies and Coins Demand Deposits Traveler’s Checks and Checking Accounts
5. TYPES OF CASH STACKS: M2 M2 STORE OF VALUE Less Liquid… (slower to convert to cash) M1 + Savings Deposits Time deposits Money Market Deposits Mutual Funds
6. TYPES OF CASH STACKS: m3 M3 The least liquid M2 +… Large Time Deposits (over $100,000)
7. TIME VALUE OF MONEY Value falls with INFLATION Interest Rates equate dollars today with dollars in the FUTURE
8. HOW DOES THE FED USE THE MONEY SUPPLY TO PREDICT GDP? MV = PQ PQ = Nominal GDP M = Money Supply (M1 or M2) V = Money’s Velocity (# of times Dollars is Spent) P = PL (AS/AD) Q = Real GDP MONETARY EQUATION OF EXCHANGE
10. CREATE THE NEW CURRENCY DESIGN FOR A DEVELOPING COUNTRY THAT INCLUDES:
11.
12. THE FED: Central Bank HOW CAN THE FED USE THE MONEY SUPPLY TO ACHIEVE FULL EMPLOYMENT AND PRICE STABILITY?
13. Tools Of Monetary Policy % of $ that must be stored Determines the multiplier (1/required reserves) Usually 10% or .1 Interest banks pay the Fed for loans Decrease = banks borrow more Increase = banks borrow less Reserve Ratio = RR Discount Rate
14. Tools of Monetary Policy Interest Rate banks pay each other for loans Buy Bonds: “Bigger Bucks” Increase MS Sell Bonds: “Smaller Bucks” Decrease MS Federal Funds Rate Open Market Operations: Treasury Bonds ** ** = most frequently used Tool