The document summarizes the end of World War I and its effects. It discusses the Russian Revolution and Lenin taking Russia out of the war. It describes conscription in Canada causing tensions between French and English Canadians. Women gained new roles in the war effort and were eventually given the right to vote. The Armistice was signed in 1918 and the Paris Peace Conference established the Treaty of Versailles, which punished Germany with reparations and territorial losses. Canada emerged from the war with greater autonomy on the world stage.

1. The End of
WWI
And its lasting effects on Canada
and theWorld

2. Revolution in Russia!
- Russia was led by Tsar Nicholas II (Tsar –
monarch)
- He led Russia into a war that it was losing
quickly
- March Revolution 1917: Nicholas abdicates and a
Provisional Government takes over
- But they continue the war…
- October Revolution 1917: Provisional
Government is overthrown by the Bolsheviks
(Communists), led by Vladimir Lenin
- Lenin’s goal: stop the war with Germany ASAP
= Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- Russia loses areas of land (all of Poland, the

3. The Home Front: Conscription
- Conscription: mandatory military service for
all able men between the ages of 18-35
- Military Service Bill 1917
- Conscientious objectors – people
appealing on religious grounds
- Social ostracism (looked down on,
shunned)

5. - Conscription “Crisis”: French Canadiens
not happy about conscription
- No connection/loyalty to France or
Britain
- Officer in Command of Recruiting was
Protestant
- No language rights
- Riots in various cities in Quebec
- Henri Bourassa
- Borden calls an election and wins by a
slim margin
***English-French relations in Canada are
severely strained***
Henri Bourassa

6. The Home Front: Women
Women were legally and socially inferior to Men
-Property rights, marriage rights
-Access to education and a job/career outside the home
Women were vital to the war effort:
-From mothers to munitions workers
- Campaigning and raising money for the war effort
- Knitting socks & scarves, making supplies for the
men fighting
Suffragettes: groups of women who campaigned
for suffrage (right to vote)
Wartime Elections Act: Vote is given to wives,
sisters, mothers of men fighting in Europe
- Expanded to most women by 1921

7. Armistice signed 11:11 AM,
November 11th
, 1918

8. Paris Peace Conferences
Georges Clemenceau
PM of France
David Lloyd George
PM of Great Britain
Woodrow Wilson
President of USA

9. Wilson (Idealist): “Fourteen Points”
Significant points:
-International Organization is needed (League of Nations,
precursor to United Nations)
-Ban the alliance system
-Self-Determination: ethnic groups can vote on how they want
to be governed
- ethnic nationalism
-Austria-Hungary should be split apart (auf wiedersehen!)
-Russian lands restored (except Poland, which becomes its own
country)
-Alsace-Lorraine (border region) returned to France

10. Clemenceau (Realist):
Revenge, s'il vous plaît
- The only allied nation to share a
border with Germany
- Heaviest casualties of the Allied
Powers
- Position: weaken Germany as
much as possible
- Wanted to dismantle Germany
into multiple smaller states
- Wanted crippling reparations
payments Modern day Verdun, France

11. Lloyd George: In the Middle
- Also wanted reparations
- Did not want to break up Germany
- Thought French demands were harsh, greedy, vindictive…
- Interested in Germany as a future trading partner

12. Treaty of Versailles
- War Guilt Clause: The war was officially Germany’s fault (brought much
shame to Germans)
- German military is severely disabled
- No air force allowed
- Navy is scuttled
- Entire merchant fleet is given to allies
- Army is capped at 100,000
- Land changes: Alsace-Lorraine, Polish Corridor (Danzig); Rhineland (west)
is de-militarized
- Massive Reparations ($132 billion marks)
- Creation of League of Nations
- Self-Determination?

18. Oh, Canada
- WWI brought Canada to the world stage
- We were given our own seat at the
Paris Peace Conferences (!)
- Our military contributions were given the highest respect
- Led to our development as an autonomous nation
- Changed the lives of men: ~250,000 casualties
- Changed the lives of women:
- Gradual increase in social standing
- Gained the vote
- Anglo-French cultural-political divide