Canada has a decentralized education system with responsibility for education lying with each province and territory. Education is compulsory from ages 6-16/18 and is publicly funded. The system includes elementary, secondary and post-secondary levels. At the post-secondary level, universities offer bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees while colleges offer diplomas and certificates. Canada ranks highly for education according to the OECD and has over 50% of adults with a post-secondary degree.

1. THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF CANADA
GÖKHAN KASIMOĞLU ELT- COMPARATIVE EDUCATION

3. Canada stretches from the Pacific
Ocean on the west, to the Atlantic
Ocean on the east. Northern Canada
reaches into the Arctic Circle, while
southern Canada stretches below the
northern points of the U.S.A.
Name: Canada
Capital: Ottawa
Largest city: Toronto
Official languges: English and French
Area: 9,984,670 km2 (2nd after Russia)
Population: 36,048,521 ( as of 2015)

4.  Head of Government: Prime Minister. Queen
Elizabeth II is Canada's official head of state, and
is represented in Canada by the Governor General.
 It has 10 provinces and 3 territories as of 1999.
 The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia,
Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and
Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward
Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan
 The three Territories are Northwest Territories,
Nunavut, and Yukon
 The provinces are considered to be co-sovereign
divisions and each province has its own “Crown”
represented by the lieutenant governor, whereas
the territories are not sovereign, but simply parts
of the federal realm, and have a commissioner.

5. • Canada is the world's eleventh-largest economy as of 2015,
with a nominal gross domestic product of approximately US
$1.79 trillion.
• It is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) and the Group of Eight (G8), and is
one of the World's top ten trading nations, with a highly
globalized economy.
• The politics of Canada function within a framework of
parliamentary democracy and a federal system of
parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions.
• Canada is a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is
head of state.
ECONOMICAL and POLITICAL STATUS OF CANADA

6.  According to a 2012 report by the Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD), Canada is the most educated country in
the world
 The country ranks first worldwide in the number
of adults having tertiary education, with 51
percent of Canadian adults having attained at
least an undergraduate college or university
degree.
 The country invests heavily in tertiary education
(more than 20.000 USD for per student)

8.  The main languages are English and French and these are
official languages at Federal level making it a bilingual nation.
 Canada generally has 190 school days in a year, officially
starting from September to the end of June.
 The curriculum is designed to elicit development and quality of
people’s cognition through the guiding of accommodations of
individuals to their natural environment and their changing
social order
 There is no federal department of education and no integrated
national system of education. Within the federal system of
shared powers, Canada's Constitution Act of 1867 provides that
"In and for each province, the legislature may exclusively make
laws in relation to Education."

9.  In the 13 jurisdictions-10 provinces and 3 territories,
departments or ministries of education are
responsible for the organization, delivery and
assessment of education at the elementary and
secondary levels, for technical and vocational
education, and for postsecondary education.
 Some jurisdictions have two separate departments or
ministries, one having responsibility for elementary-
secondary education and the other for postsecondary
and skills training.

10.  Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the
curriculum is overseen by the province. Education is
generally divided into primary education, followed
by secondary education and post-secondary.
 Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in
every province in Canada, except for Manitoba,
Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory
age is 18.

11.  Pre-Elementary Education
 All jurisdictions have some form of pre-elementary
(kindergarten) education, operated by the local education
authorities and offering one year of pre-grade 1, non-
compulsory education for five years old.
 Depending on the jurisdiction, kindergarten may be compulsory
or pre-school classes may be available from age of four or even
earlier.
 The intensity of the programs varies, with full-day and half-day
program, depending on the school board.

12.  ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
 The ages for compulsory schooling vary from one jurisdiction to
another, but most require attendance in school from age 6 to age
16. In some cases compulsory schooling starts at 5, and in others it
extends to age 18 or graduation from secondary school.
 In most jurisdictions, elementary schools cover six to eight years
of schooling.
 Elementary curriculum emphasizes the basic subjects of language,
mathematics, social studies, science, health and physical
education, and introductory arts; some jurisdictions include
second-language learning.


13.  Secondary Education
 It covers the final four to six years of compulsory education. In
the first years, students take mostly compulsory courses, with
some options. The proportion of options increases in the later
years so that students may take specialized courses to prepare
for the different entrance requirements of post-secondary
institutions.
 Vocational and academic programs are offered within the same
secondary schools; in others, technical and vocational programs
are offered in separate, dedicated vocational training centers.

14.  Separate and Private Schools
 The establishment of separate educational systems and private
educational institutions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Three jurisdictions provide for tax-supported separate school
systems that include both elementary and secondary education.
 These separate school systems allow religious minorities to
receive education in accordance with the tenets of their faiths,
some of whom have constitutionally protected rights in this
area.

15.  Post-secondary Education
 It is available in both government-supported and private institution,
which offer degrees, diplomas, certificates and attestations depending on
the nature of the institution and the length of the program.
 University Degrees
 Universities and university colleges focus on degree programs but may
also offer some diplomas and certificates, often in professional
designations. University degrees are offered at three consecutive levels.
Students enter at the bachelor's level after having successfully completed
secondary school or the two-year CEGEP program in Quebec.

16.  University Degrees
 Bachelor's degrees normally require three or
four years of full time study, depending on the
province and whether the program is general or
specialized.
 A master's degree typically requires two years of
study after the bachelor's degree.
 Doctoral degree-three to five years of additional
study and research plus dissertation are the
normal requirements.

17.  To be a teacher in Canada you require a bachelor's degree in
education (B.Ed.) and a provincial teacher's certificate
(professional license to teach).They are licensed by the provincial
and territorial departments or ministries of education.
 All Canadian provincial Ministries of Education support and
require ongoing teacher training efforts though, like nearly
everything else in the Canadian education system, this is
decentralized and subject to different requirements depending on
location.
 Teacher quality is a strength of Canadian education. Teacher
education programs are highly selective and teacher candidates are
drawn from the top high school students in each province.

18. Vs.

19.  SIMILARITIES
 Both Canada and Turkey are members of
OECD.
 Both countries have a high level of literacy.
 The duration of the compulsory education in
both countries is 12 years.
 The primary education in both countries
starts at the age of six.

20.  DIFFERENCES
 The education system of Turkey highly
Centralized by the MoNE.
 The education in Canada is Decentralized and
localized.
 Achievement levels of students in Canada
according to OECD ranking are higher than the
students in Turkey.
 Canada invests more in the field of Education
when compared to Turkey.