it was presented by the scholar to Dr. Muhammad Munir Kayani in phd class

1. The Education System of Canada
Ijaz Ahmad
Comparative Education

3. Geography and Demography of Canada
Name: Canada
Capital: Ottawa
Largest city: Toronto
Official languages: English (67%) &
French (13% of population)
Area: 9,984,670 Km2(2nd after Russia)
Population: 36,624,199 peoples
(as per May, 2016 census)
Canada stretches from the pacific on the west,
to Atlantic Ocean on the East. Northern Canada
reaches into the Arctic Circle, while southern
Canada stretches below the northern points of
the USA

4. Cont.
 Head of Government: Prime Minister.
 Queen Elizabeth II is Canada's official head of state, and is represented in Canada by the
Governor General
 It has 10 provinces and 3 territories
 The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, New found land
and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan
 The three Territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon
 The provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own
“Crown” represented by the lieutenant governor, whereas the territories are not sovereign, but
simply parts of the federal realm, and have a commissioner

5. Economical And Political Status Of Canada
 Canada is the world's eleventh-largest economy as of 2015, with a
nominal gross domestic product of approximately US $1.79 trillion.
It is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) and the Group of Eight (G8), and is one of the
World's top ten trading nations, with a highly globalized economy.
 The politics of Canada function within a framework of
parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary
government with strong democratic traditions.
Canada is a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is head
of state

6. An over all view of education in Canada
According to a 2016 report by the Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD), Canada is the most educated
country in the world.
 The country ranks first worldwide in the number of adults having
tertiary education, with 51 percent of Canadian adults having attained
at least an undergraduate college or university degree.
The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more than 20,000
USD per student) (OECD, 2016)

7. General Objective of Education
Education in Canada seeks to attain what are generally defined as major four goals
1. Cultivation of mind
2. Vocational preparation
3. Moral and civic development
4. Individual development
While the predominant focus of Canadian education is on progressive or child-centered
education, but there has been some return to the traditional teacher centered approaches to ensure
that there is an adequate and strong treatment of core subjects and skills within that child-centered
approach.

8. Education in Canada
The main languages are English and French and these are official languages at
Federal level making it a bilingual nation.
 Canada generally has 190 school days in a year, officially starting from
September to the end of June
There is no federal department of education and no integrated national system of
education. Within the federal system of shared powers, Canada's Constitution Act
of 1867 provides that "In each province, the legislature may exclusively make
laws in relation to Education”

9. Cont.
In the 13 jurisdictions-10 provinces and 3 territories, departments or
ministries of education are responsible for the organization, delivery
and assessment of education at the elementary and secondary levels,
for technical and vocational education, and for post-secondary
education.
 Some jurisdictions have two separate departments or ministries, one
having responsibility for elementary- secondary education and the
other for post secondary and skills training.

10. Education in Canada
Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is
overseen by the province.
Education is generally divided into primary education, followed by
secondary education and post-secondary.
 Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in
Canada, except for Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick, where the
compulsory age is 18.

11. Stages of Education in Canada

13. Pre-Elementary Education
Age 5 and Under
All jurisdictions have some form of pre-elementary (kindergarten)
education, operated by the local education authorities and offering
one year of pre-grade 1, non- compulsory education for five years
old.
 Depending on the jurisdiction, kindergarten may be compulsory or
pre-school classes may be available from age of four or even earlier.
 The intensity of the programs varies, with full-day and half-day
program, depending on the school board.

14. Primary/Elementary Education
Grade 1 to 6
The ages for compulsory schooling vary from one jurisdiction to another, but
most require attendance in school from age 6 to age 16. In some cases
compulsory schooling starts at 5, and in others it extends to age 18 or graduation
from secondary school.
 In most jurisdictions, elementary schools cover six to eight years of schooling.
 Elementary curriculum emphasizes the basic subjects of language,
mathematics, social studies, science, health and physical education, and
introductory arts; some jurisdictions include second-language learning

15. Junior High School
Junior high school also called middle school intermediate school
Grade 7 (12-13)
Grade 8 (13-14)
Grade 9 (Senior 1 in Manitoba) (14-15)

16. Secondary Education
It covers the final four to six years of compulsory education.
In the first years, students take mostly compulsory courses, with some
options.
The proportion of options increases in the later years so that students may
take specialized courses to prepare for the different entrance requirements
of post-secondary institutions.
 In some areas vocational and academic programs are offered within the
same secondary schools;
In others, technical and vocational programs are offered in separate,
dedicated vocational training centers

17. Secondary Education
In some areas, usually areas with no junior high schools, from grade 7
to 12
In areas with middle or junior high school (grade 10 to 12)
Grade 10 (Senior 2 in Manitoba) (15-16)
Grade 11 (Senior 3 in Manitoba) (16-17)
Grade 12 (Senior 4 in Manitoba) (17-18)
Grade 12+ (21 and under) (Ontario only)

18. Classes offered in Secondary school
English or Advanced English
Mathematics, Advanced Mathematics
Chemistry, Physics, Biology, French,
Drama, Art, Digital Art Design,

19. Special Education
Students with special needs are accommodated in the public schools
Withdrawal (separate program)
Integration (with ordinary class)
Special needs students
Cognitive impairment; Learning disabilities; Physical disabilities;
Communications disorders; Sensory impairments Vision; Hearing;
Multiple disabilities

20. Private Schools
The establishment of private educational institutions vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
 These private school systems allow religious minorities to receive
education in accordance with the beliefs of their faiths, some of
whom have constitutionally protected rights in that area.

21. Public vs Private
Public
Most children in Canada are sent to
public schools.
 Public schools are funded by the
different provinces or territories of Canada.
 Public schools often help students
in need with
 Breakfast programs
 Giving school supplies
 Counselling
 Class sizes are usually smaller
Private
 Only 8% of students in Canada go to
private schools
 Many of these private schools are
religious.
 They can cost from $10,000-$28,000 a
year
 These schools can have from 20 to 1000
students.

22. Post-secondary Education
In Canada, there are different types of post-secondary schools:
Colleges
Institutes
Universities
It is available in both government-supported and private institution,
which offer degrees, diplomas, certificates and attestations (AVS)
depending on the nature of the institution and the length of the program.

23. Collages
There are many types of colleges and institutes. Some are formally
recognized by governments. They are known as:
Colleges
Community colleges
Colleges of applied arts or applied technology
Institutes of technology or science
Collèges d’enseignement général et professionnel in Quebec.

24. Cont.
Colleges and institutes usually offer one to three year programs. They
issue diplomas and certificates that qualify graduates to work in
specific jobs within many different fields. These fields include:
•Business
•Computer and mechanical technologies
•Health
•Social services
•Agriculture
•Trades (such as carpenter, electrician and plumber)
•Many others

25. University Degrees
Universities and university colleges focus on degree programs
but may also offer some diplomas and certificates, often in
professional designations.
University degrees are offered at three consecutive levels.
Students enter at the bachelor's level after having successfully
completed secondary school or the two-year CEGEP program in
Quebec.
.

26. Cont.
Bachelor's degrees normally require three or four years of full time
study, depending on the province and whether the program is general
or specialized.
 A master's degree a more advanced degree that usually takes one to
two more years of study
 Doctoral degree-three to five years of additional study and research
plus dissertation are the normal requirements

27. Cont.
Doctoral degrees usually involve researching, writing,
presenting and defending a thesis
In regulated professions, such as medicine, law and
education, students must complete an internship or pass a
standardized examination in addition to completing their
degree.
They must complete all these steps before they can become
licensed to work in their profession

28. Teacher Education
To be a teacher in Canada one require a bachelor's degree in
education (B.Ed.) and a provincial teacher's certificate
(professional license to teach)
They are licensed by the provincial and territorial
departments or ministries of education

29. cont.
General teaching skills
Communication skills
Classroom management
Setting instructional goals
Measurement and evaluation
Language arts
Specific methodologies
An introduction to special education
Child development/learning
(educational psychology)
Sociology of education
History and philosophy of education;
school law and policy
A teacher’s legal status
The teacher as a member of the
profession
Technology in education
The core curriculum of most B.Ed. Degree programmes currently includes:

30. Administration and Management of the
Education Systems
Canada does not have a national office for education.
Control over educational policy in each province and territory resides with a
minister who is an elected member of the legislature and appointed to that post
by the government leader of the jurisdiction
Ministries and departments provide educational, administrative, financial
management, and school support functions
Local governance of education is usually entrusted to school boards

31. School boards
Schools within a certain local area are managed by school boards, also
called:
oschool districts
oschool divisions
odistrict education councils
School boards are in charge of things like:
obuildings
ostaff
oadministration
ostudent enrolment
◦The public elects the people who run a school board. They are called
trustees. They hold regular meetings, where members of the public can
express their views on how schools in their area are managed.

32. Financing of Education
Elementary and secondary education is financed mainly through partnership
between provincial or territorial and local governments, with some federal
support.
Post-secondary education is financed to a large extent through federal support
and federal-provincial partnership.
In 2015–16, almost C$100 billion was spent on public elementary and
secondary education in Canada, breaking down to an expenditure of about
C$14000 per student
 Revenue for Canada’s universities and colleges in 2015–16 was C$45.7
billion.
• Federal, provincial, and municipal government funding, including funding for
research.

33. Canada Rank 2017 World University
Rank 2017
University Province City
1 =22 University of Toronto Ontario Toronto
2 =34 University of British
Columbia
British Columbia Vancouver
3 42 McGill University Quebec Montreal
4 78 McMaster University Ontario Hamilton
5 108 University of Montreal Quebec Montreal
6 =119 University of Alberta Alberta Edmonton
=7 =190 University of Calgary Alberta Calgary
=7 195 University of Ottawa Ontario Ottawa
=7 =197 University of Waterloo Ontario Waterloo
=7 198 Western University Ontario London
Top Ten university of Canada

34. Canada Pakistan
Very decentralized education system Centralized educational system
Teacher student ratio 17 Teacher student ratio 45
Ranke 1st in Education Rank 80th in Education
Ranke 25th in ICT Ranke 146th in ICT
No’s of universities 96 (82public,14 private)
1.8 million students
No’s of universities 163 (public 91, private 74 )
1.3 million students (HEC, 2015-16)
Top 10 university are among 200 best
universities of the world
Only one in top 500 universities (QAU)
Spending 5.1% of their GDP on Education Spending only 2.64% of their GDP on Education
vs

35. Canada Pakistan
Literacy rate = 99% Literacy rate = 57%
Women(female) literacy rate=99% Women(female) literacy rate=46%
Male literacy rate=99% Male literacy rate=69.6%
Primary education starts in age of 5 Same in Pakistan
Primary/Elementary schools
10100 (96% public and 4% private)
Primary/Elementary schools
145,829 (86% public and 14% private)
Compulsory education completed in age
of 16 and in some area 18
Compulsory education completed in age
of 16
vs

36. Canadian government scholarships

Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships – Canadian government scholarships and fellowships
offered to international students undertaking postgraduate study within the natural and social
sciences or health research.

Canada Graduate Scholarships – Master’s Program – Scholarships for Canadian students
enrolled on a master’s degree or PhD at a (CGS-M allocated) university in Canada.

IDRC Research Awards – Canadian government scholarships for students from developing
countries to undertake a master’s or doctoral-level research degree at a recognized
Canadian university.

NSERC Postgraduate scholarships – Various Canadian government scholarships, grants
and awards available to outstanding students undertaking study in the natural sciences or
engineering at an accredited Canadian university. Funded by the NSERC.

Organization of American States (OAS) Academic Scholarship Program – Canadian
government scholarships from the Organization of American States (OAS), open to graduate
students from any OAS member state (including selected countries in Latin America and the
Caribbean islands).

Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships Program – Canadian government scholarships
available to doctoral students internationally, to study in Canada at a participating university.

37. University-specific scholarships to study in Canada
 Carleton University Awards for International Students –.
 Concordia University International Undergraduate Awards .
 Dalhousie University Scholarships
 Fairleigh Dickinson Scholarships for International Students
 HEC Montréal BBA Entrance Scholarships .
 International Student Scholarships at Humber College Canada .
 McGill University Scholarships and Student Aid – Various funding opportunities, including the McGill Entrance Scholarship
Program and the PBEEE - Quebec Merit Scholarship for Foreign Students, for international students enrolled in graduate and
postdoctoral studies.
 Queen’s University International Scholarships – A number of scholarships for international students to study in Canada at Queen
University in Kingston, Ontario. Some awards solely open to students from India, Pakistan and the US.
 UBC International Leader of Tomorrow Award – Merit-based Canadian scholarships to study at the University of British Columbia
Vancouver, open to undergraduate students who demonstrate leadership skills and exceptional academic achievement.
 UBC Graduate Scholarships – A searchable database of scholarships for master's and PhD students at the University of British
Columbia, including the university's four-year doctoral fellowships and Graduate Support Initiative.
 University of Alberta International Scholarships – A range of scholarship options for international students to study at
undergraduate/graduate level at the University of Alberta.
 University of Calgary International Scholarships – A selection of scholarships for international students to study in Canada at the
University of Calgary. Awards range from $500 to $60,000.
 University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowships – Scholarships to study in Canada at the University of Manitoba, open to graduate
students from anywhere in the world.
 University of Saskatchewan International Student Awards – Merit-based ‘excellence’ scholarships to study in Canada, for
undergraduate international students at the University of Saskatchewan.
 University of Toronto Ontario Graduate Scholarship – Scholarships for domestic and international students to study at the
University of Toronto’s School of Graduate Studies.

38. References
OECD. Education at a glance: OECD indicators. Paris, Centre for Educational Research and Innovation,
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2015
Alberta Learning. Guide to education: Early Childhood Services to Grade 12. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,
2001.
Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. Country profile for Canada. Education at glance, OECD indicators.
2006 edition
Web sources
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/newcomers/before-education-schools.asp
http://www.scholars4dev.com/6179/scholarships-canada-international-students/
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1495085?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
http://publications.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp386-
e.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20CANADA.pdf

39. Thank you