The education system in China can be summarized as follows: 1. China has a state-run education system overseen by the Ministry of Education, with 9 years of compulsory education including 6 years of primary school and 3 years of junior secondary school. 2. Higher education is highly competitive and depends on scores on exams like the Gaokao, with the best universities like Tsinghua and Peking ranking among the top 50 globally. 3. While many Chinese students study abroad, especially in the US, UK, Australia and other countries, brain drain is a major issue as only about 30% of overseas students return to China after graduation due to better opportunities and freedoms abroad.

1. EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CHINA
ADITI SHARMA – B12
ADITYA SAXENA – B27

3. INTRODUCTION
People's Republic of China
Region: East Asia.
It is the world's most populous country.
Population: 1.375 billion
Capital: Beijing.
Area: 9,597,000 sq km.
Language: Mandarin
Currency: Renminbi
President: Xi Jinping

4. FACTS
• Education in China is a state-run system of public
education run by the Ministry of Education.
• NINE YEAR COMPULSORY EDUCATION(1986)
6 Years of Primary Education
3 Years of Junior Secondary Education
• 1980s government allowed the establishment of the
first private school, increasing the number
of undergraduates and people who hold doctoral
degrees fivefold from 1995 to 2005

5. • In 2010,
Primary Schools were 280184, Secondary
Schools were 87,665; which altogether enrolled
17,388,465 students
• Today, 99.7% populations has achieved 9 year
compulsory education (Male98.2 %,
Female94.5 %)
Peking and Tsinghua University falls amongst the
Top 50 Universities of the world (Times Education).
• China; a top destination for international students.
In 2013, China was the most popular country in Asia
for international students, and ranks third overall
among countries.

6. PRE-SCHOOL
• Age: 4-6 Years
• Duration: 3 Years
• Run by different government bodies and also
by private operators.
• Out of 134,000 kindergartens(2008); 61
percent were run privately.

7. PRIMARY EDUCATION
• Age: 6-12 Years
• Duration: 5-6 Years
• 2 Semesters comprising 38 weeks teaching, 13
weeks holidays
• Compulsory Subjects: Moral Education,
Chinese Language, Mathematics, Social
Studies, Natural Science, Physical Education,
Music, Arts, and Labour Services.

8. SECONDARY EDUCATION
Junior Secondary Education
• Duration:3-4 Years
• Compulsory 13 Subjects: Politics, Chinese
Language, Mathematics, Foreign Language,
History, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, Biology,
Physical Education, Music, Art, and Household
Skills.

9. ZHONGKAO
• ZhongKao; locally administered entrance
exam for students who wish to continue.
• The results of zhongkao decide whether
students go to key senior high school, ordinary
senior high school or vocational school.

11. GAOKAO
• In China, applying to college is about one thing and
one thing only: the Gaokao(“The National Higher
Education Entrance Examination”)
• Determines whether or not go to college
• Held at the end of the school year.
• Includes:
Chinese language and literature
Mathematics
A foreign language (often English)

12. • The other six standard subjects are three
sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and three
humanities: History, Geography, and Political
Education
• One or more subjects of the student’s choice.
Each province administers its own version of
the gaokao

13. Rural Schools in China
• A typical rural school is a dirty, whitewashed
building made of mud brick and cement.
• No heat or electricity, light comes from two
small windows. There are generally few
academic and athletic facilities other than a
chalkboard, maybe some desks and chairs
• Schools are considered well equipped if they
have a dirt soccer field.

14. •Bright kids are often selected by the family to go to school while
slow learners have to stay home.
•In rural areas, many children have to walk several miles to their
schools.
In some villages about only one kid every ten years makes it to
college.

15. A Typical School day, in the city
• The Chinese school day is a very long day:
• It starts at 7:30 in the morning and mostly finishes at about 4:00 in the
afternoon.
• In case the students still attend classes of optional subjects, they might
stay even longer.
• After the fifth lesson there is a long lunch break of two hours. Lunch
packets are distributed to those who have paid for it and they will eat
it in their classrooms.
• Those who have not ordered any lunch go to the snack bar across the
road or to the restaurant at the net corner.
• On Saturdays, many schools hold required morning classes in science
and math. Many students also attend buxiban, or cram school, in the
evening and on weekends

16. •On Monday after the lunch break you could always find some students
cleaning windows or wiping the floor during the breaks. Monday is a
"cleaning day“
• Monday mornings starts with the National flag-raising ceremony.

17. INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS
• Niche Market; serving foreign students and
increasing middle class.
• Same curriculum as home country
• Located in major cities like Beijing, Shanghai,
Tianjin and Guangzhou
• Recent Trend: Some international schools in
China have started offering UK GCE A-level
courses for domestic students who want to obtain
A-level certificates before studying abroad.

18. DRAWBACKS
• Too much Homework
• Lacks Innovation
• High Pressure
• Teaching content is distant from real life
• Exam focused
• Neglect of certain subjects
• Class size

19. UNIVERSITY
Tsinghua University, Beijing
Peking University, Beijing
Fudan University, Shanghai
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui
Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Beijing Normal University, Beijing
Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei
Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
Renmin University, Beijing
TOP UNIVERSITIES IN CHINA

20. Fudan University: School of Management
Tsinghua University: School of Economics and Management
CEIBS: China Europe International Business School
Peking University: Guanghua School of Management
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Antai College of Economics and
Management
BUSINESS SCHOOLS

21. SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
HUMANITIES
BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY, BEIJING
JILIN UNIVERSITY, JILIN
RENMIN UNIVERSITY, BEIJING
WUHAN UNIVERSITY, WUHAN

22. China Medical University (CMU)
Zhejiang Medical University (ZMU)
Anhui International College of Medicine
Wenzhou Medical College
Sun Yat Sen University
MEDICAL SCHOOLS

23. • Peking University has 216 Research Institutes and
Research Centres, and 2 National Engineering Research
Centers, 81 Key National Disciplines, 12 National Key
Laboratories.
• Zhongshan (Sun Yat Sen) University is a comprehensive
university including the Humanities, Social Sciences,
Natural Sciences, Technical Sciences, Medical Sciences,
Pharmacology And Management Science
• Nanjing University offers 2 Postdoctoral programs, 5
Ph.D programs, 8 M.S programs and 6 B.S programs
• Fudan University has 15 full time schools, 70
departments, 60 Bachelor’s degree programs, 22
disciplines and 112 sub-disciplines of Ph.D,166MAster
degree programs, 6 Professional degree programs, 7
Social Science Research Centres.

24. • Zhejiang University has 110 Undergraduate programs,
264 Master degree programs and 181 Doctoral degree
programs.
• Beijing Normal University has 52 Bachelor degrees, 69
Disciplines and Sub-disciplines for Ph.D, 127 Master
degree programs, 7 Key Research Centres and 16 Post-
Doctoral Research Stations.
• Tsinghua University offers 39 Undergraduate programs,
100 Masters and 82 Doctoral Ph.D programs
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University has 31 departments, 63
Undergraduate programs, 250 Masters degree programs,
203 Ph.D programs, 28 Post-doctoral programs and 11
State Key Laboratories and National Engineering
Research Centres.

25. FAMOUS ALUMNI

26. •Xi Jinping the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China,
the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the
Central Military Commission.
•From 1975 to 1979, Xi studied chemical engineering at Beijing's
prestigious Tsinghua University as a "Worker, Peasant, PLA" student
XI JINPING

27. ROBIN LI
•Robin Li or Li Yanhong is a Chinese Internet entrepreneur. He co-
founded the Chinese search engine Baidu and is ranked as the seventh
richest man in mainland China with a net worth of US$9.6 billion as of
September 2015.
•He enrolled at Peking University where he studied information
management and earned a Bachelor of Science degree.

28. •Lu Qi is currently Executive Vice President at Microsoft, leading the
company's work on the Bing search engine, Skype and Microsoft Office.
•Lu was born in Shanghai, he was sent to live with his grandparents in a
remote village in Jiangsu Province by his parents during the Cultural
Revolution Lu studied at Fudan University in Shanghai, China
LU QI

29. ZHANG RUIMIN
•Zhang Ruimin is a Chinese businessman and chief executive
officer of Haier Group.
•He did MBA from University of Science and Technology of China

30. •Lei Jun is a Chinese businessman who is known for
founding Xiaomi Inc, one of China's largest technology companies.
•He attended Wuhan University, where he holds a BA in computer
science
LEI JUN

31. University Attended
Tsinghua University
Zhejiang University,
Tsinghua University
Beijing Normal
University
Beijing Normal
University
China Academy of
Chinese Medical
Sciences
NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES

32. In China, high school students take the National College
Admission Test (NCAT), and then choose the university
and the major according to their scores. In recent years
there have been over 10,000,000 students annually taking
the NCAT. About 6,500,000 students will be enrolled by
universities. Tsinghua University recruits 3,300 students
each year. The minimum enrolling NCAT score for
Tsinghua University is the highest score in most
Provinces. All undergraduate students admitted to
Tsinghua University are roughly top 0.1% of the NCAT.

33. Peking University
Peking University is a major Chinese research university located in Beijing and a member of
the C9 League. It is the first modern national university established in China, founded as the
"Imperial University of Peking" in 1898

34. For Post-graduation Programme, International
students must hold a strong bachelor degree, relevant
work experience and a competitive GMAT or GRE
score.
Entrance examination
subjects:
Humanities/ Science:
① Chinese language
② Mathematics
③ English
Online Registration and
Submission of Documents
Payment of Application
Fee (800RMB)
Entrance Examination and
Interview
3 STEP PROCESS
Full and Partial Scholarships are offered for International students
For Under-Graduates

35. BRAIN DRAIN
• China suffers the worst brain drain in the
world, according to a new study that found
seven out of every 10 students who enrolls in
an overseas university never return to live in
their homeland.
• More than a million Chinese students studying
abroad between 1978 and 2006 and 70% failed
to return to China after graduation. (Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences)

36. CHINESE STUDENTS STUDY
ABROAD
• Number of students from China studying abroad:
approximately 459,800(2014, as per China’s
Ministry of Education)
• Sponsored by public funding sources: 21,300
• Employer-funded: 15,500 and
• Self-funded: 423,000Details
• The leading overseas destinations for Chinese
students in 2014, according to ministry officials,
were the US, the UK, Australia, Japan, and
France.

37. Chinese parents want their child to receive a
world-class education from a respected
institution, and accepting these students is
certainly in the school’s best interest; the
children are considered intellectual and
conscientious, and their parents pay the full
tuition price plus the fee for recruiting firms
that assist with the visa process.

38. REASONS NOT TO REURN
• Higher living standards, brighter career
opportunities and the freedom to have as many
children as they wish.
• A survey in 2014, found that in Shanghai 30%
of high school pupils and 50% of middle-
school students wanted to change their
nationality.

39. • Their children might have a hard time adapting to
the highly competitive education system in China.
• One of the most common concerns shared by
overseas Chinese scholars was that a “big gap exists
in the academic environment [in China] as compared
to that abroad”.
• The key to attracting outstanding overseas personnel
to return to China lies not in providing generous
remunerations but in creating a salutary academic
environment.

40. • Another key concern identified by respondents
that pushed them not to return home was the
“guanxi-based” structure in the workplace in
China. This means the success of one’s career
depends more on social connections than on
merit.
• But the most influential factor in a student’s
decision to return was job opportunities in
China.

41. WHY ARE CHINESE RETURNING?

42. • Job opportunities for overseas graduate students in som
e countries such as the U.S. and
the U.K. have become tight as a result of sluggish econo
mic growth and stricter visa regulations.
• Language Issues
• For Example:
•The UK used to offer UK graduates from overseas countr
ies a two-year extended work visa to stay in the
UK, but this automatic visa is no longer available, and it is
not easy to extend the student visa, with
the result that few international students stay in the UK.
(2015)

43. RETURN OR NOT?
• Majority of the students who returning are with
Master’s degrees; compared to undergraduates
and PhD’s, they are majority by a ratios of 1:8:1.
• People choose not to return because of the low
salaries. For example, A graduate from Beijing
and Shanghai earns 10,000RMB to 12,000RMB a
month, who can easily earn 3-5 times that amount
if they were performing the same job in the USA.
• There is also a huge disparity between the
technologies of local companies when compared
to outside the country.

44. Analysts pointed out that although the returned
oversea students increased significantly, when
looking at the difference in “quantity” and “quality”,
a large proportion are ordinary people who relied on
parental financial support to study abroad in recent
years. They can hardly be said to be experts in their
field much less “distinguished talent”, while the
high-end talent who are truly specialized in their
fields or have even obtained patents abroad aren’t
actually many, and there may even be an increasing
trend in such brain drain.
FUN FACT

45. RECENT STUDIES
• Students majoring in business were more likely to return to
China. These students believed there were more business and job
opportunities in China than in the US. They also felt that their
degree from an elite university and their overseas experience
opened many doors back home. They are also highly sought by
international corporations seeking to expand in China and Asia.
• In contrast, those pursuing degrees in social sciences such as
education or humanities, and physical sciences such as physics
or biochemistry expressed less interest in returning home. For
social science students, the low income in China was a big factor
preventing them going back. While for physical science major
students, it was inadequate research facilities, a guanxi based
environment, and academic corruption

46. • In an effort to lure top talent back to China, in
recent years the Chinese government has been
implementing various initiatives, such as the
Thousand Talents Program for top scientists, to
reward those who choose to return. Although
these initiatives, along with the recent booming
economy, have been able to attract more talent
from overseas in the past decade, many of these
Chinese are still not willing to give up their job in
developed countries to move back to China.

47. U.S.A: The Most Favored
• There are more than a quarter of a million students from
China in colleges in the United States - a third of all
international students in the country - and almost a fivefold
increase since 2000.
• It was reported in 2014(Project Atlas)that there was a total
of 886,052 international students enrolled in schools
throughout the United States, and 274,439 of these students
originated from mainland China; that’s a staggering 31% of
the total number of students from overseas, and a 17%
increase on the figures from the previous year.
• They want to get out of a schooling system that uses test
scores to determine the subjects students will take, which
makes it difficult to change once these have been assigned.

48. THANK YOU!!