The complement system
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The complement system is part of the immune system and consists of over 30 proteins produced by the liver. It kills microbes in three ways: opsonization, inflammation, and cytolysis. It works as a cascade system where the activation of one protein triggers the activation of others. There are two pathways - the classical pathway which relies on antibodies, and the alternative pathway which does not require antibodies. Both pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that causes cell lysis.
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Complement system
The complement system consists of three pathways - the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. The lectin pathway is activated when mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to mannose sugars on microbial surfaces. This binding activates MASP-1 and MASP-2, analogous to C1r and C1s in the classical pathway. MASP-1 and MASP-2 then cleave C4 and C2 to form the C3 convertase, which activates the remainder of the complement cascade. The lectin pathway thus provides an antibody-independent mechanism for complement activation in response to microbial pathogens.
Complement System
The document discusses the complement system, which consists of over 20 proteins that play a key role in the immune system. There are three complement activation pathways: the classical pathway, which is initiated by the binding of antibodies to antigens; the lectin pathway, which is initiated when mannose-binding lectin binds to pathogens; and the alternative pathway, which is spontaneously activated by pathogens. All three pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that causes lysis of pathogens. The complement system enhances phagocytosis, causes inflammation, and lyses cells through its activation cascade and production of factors such as C3a and C5a.
Complement system
Presentation is good for MBBS (undergraduate) class. Complement system includes normal serum proteins that augment the function of immune system. There are three possible paths through which complement system can proceed. then common path follows leading to the formation of MAC complex that causes bacterial cell lysis. Opsonisation, Viral neutralization, clearing of immune complexes, etc. are other functions of complement system. Important diseases are linked to abnormal regulation of immune system.
The complement system overview
Innate immune system is very important in case of fish. Complement system is the part of innate immune system. In this presentation there is a overview of the complement system.
32 Proteins of the Complement System
The complement system consists of over 30 proteins that circulate in the blood and tissues. It helps destroy harmful microbes via opsonization, phagocytosis, cytolysis, and inflammation. There are 3 major pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative - that are initiated by different mechanisms but all generate C3 and C5 convertases and the membrane attack complex (MAC). Complement proteins include initiators, enzymes, opsonins, anaphylatoxins, membrane attack components, receptors, and regulators. Together they help bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses.
The complement system new
The complement system is a defensive system consisting of over 30 proteins produced by the liver found in blood serum. It kills microbes through opsonization, inflammation, and cytolysis. There are two pathways for complement activation - the classical pathway which relies on antibodies, and the alternative pathway which does not require antibodies. Both pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that causes cytolysis of microbes. The complement system works through a cascade of protein cleavages and complex formations that amplify the immune response.
Complement system
complement system occur in animal serum for immune response to defense inflammation , incompatible blood transfusion, autoimmune disease.
Complement06
The document discusses the complement system, which was discovered in 1894 and plays an important role in host defense against pathogens. It summarizes the key proteins in the complement pathways, including the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. It also describes the biological activities of complement activation products and how deficiencies in specific complement components can increase susceptibility to certain infections.
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Complement system
The complement system consists of three pathways - the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. The lectin pathway is activated when mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to mannose sugars on microbial surfaces. This binding activates MASP-1 and MASP-2, analogous to C1r and C1s in the classical pathway. MASP-1 and MASP-2 then cleave C4 and C2 to form the C3 convertase, which activates the remainder of the complement cascade. The lectin pathway thus provides an antibody-independent mechanism for complement activation in response to microbial pathogens.
Complement System
The document discusses the complement system, which consists of over 20 proteins that play a key role in the immune system. There are three complement activation pathways: the classical pathway, which is initiated by the binding of antibodies to antigens; the lectin pathway, which is initiated when mannose-binding lectin binds to pathogens; and the alternative pathway, which is spontaneously activated by pathogens. All three pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that causes lysis of pathogens. The complement system enhances phagocytosis, causes inflammation, and lyses cells through its activation cascade and production of factors such as C3a and C5a.
Complement system
Presentation is good for MBBS (undergraduate) class. Complement system includes normal serum proteins that augment the function of immune system. There are three possible paths through which complement system can proceed. then common path follows leading to the formation of MAC complex that causes bacterial cell lysis. Opsonisation, Viral neutralization, clearing of immune complexes, etc. are other functions of complement system. Important diseases are linked to abnormal regulation of immune system.
The complement system overview
Innate immune system is very important in case of fish. Complement system is the part of innate immune system. In this presentation there is a overview of the complement system.
32 Proteins of the Complement System
The complement system consists of over 30 proteins that circulate in the blood and tissues. It helps destroy harmful microbes via opsonization, phagocytosis, cytolysis, and inflammation. There are 3 major pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative - that are initiated by different mechanisms but all generate C3 and C5 convertases and the membrane attack complex (MAC). Complement proteins include initiators, enzymes, opsonins, anaphylatoxins, membrane attack components, receptors, and regulators. Together they help bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses.
The complement system new
The complement system is a defensive system consisting of over 30 proteins produced by the liver found in blood serum. It kills microbes through opsonization, inflammation, and cytolysis. There are two pathways for complement activation - the classical pathway which relies on antibodies, and the alternative pathway which does not require antibodies. Both pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that causes cytolysis of microbes. The complement system works through a cascade of protein cleavages and complex formations that amplify the immune response.
Complement system
complement system occur in animal serum for immune response to defense inflammation , incompatible blood transfusion, autoimmune disease.
Complement06
The document discusses the complement system, which was discovered in 1894 and plays an important role in host defense against pathogens. It summarizes the key proteins in the complement pathways, including the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. It also describes the biological activities of complement activation products and how deficiencies in specific complement components can increase susceptibility to certain infections.
Complement & complement system
To learn and contribute in the professionally challenging environment in a manner that certainly benefits for man kind and enhances my skills
Complement system
The complement system is part of the innate immune system and consists of over 30 proteins. It was originally identified in the 1890s by Jules Bordet and Paul Ehrlich as a heat-labile component of serum that enhanced the ability of antibodies to kill bacteria. There are three complement activation pathways: the classical pathway which is initiated by antibody-antigen complexes, the lectin pathway which is activated by mannose-binding lectin, and the alternative pathway which is spontaneously activated by microbial surfaces. Complement activation results in opsonization, inflammation, and formation of the membrane attack complex to kill microbes. Deficiencies in specific complement components can increase susceptibility to certain infections.
Complement system
The complement system is a group of proteins in the blood that helps antibodies and phagocytic cells destroy pathogens. It is activated via three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative. Activation leads to a cascade of reactions that results in the formation of the membrane attack complex, which punches holes in the pathogen's cell membrane, killing it. Complement also aids in inflammation, phagocytosis, and immune adherence. The system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies can cause diseases like hereditary angioedema.
Complement06
Complement is a series of serum proteins involved in the immune response that help opsonize pathogens, attract phagocytes, and lyse bacteria and infected cells. It was discovered in 1894 and consists of around 30 circulating and membrane-bound proteins synthesized in the liver and by inflammatory cells. The classical, lectin, and alternative pathways activate different complement components through cleavage by C1, mannose-binding lectin, or spontaneous hydrolysis. Activated components have roles in opsonization, anaphylaxis, and membrane attack. Deficiencies increase risk for infections and autoimmune diseases depending on the pathway and component affected.
Complement
The complement system is made up of over 30 proteins that play an important role in the immune response. It is involved in opsonization, inflammation, cell lysis, and enhances the immune response. There are three complement activation pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. All three pathways converge at the activation of C3 and involve a cascade of proteins cleaving and activating downstream components. Ultimately this leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex which can lyse target cells. Complement is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in complement proteins are associated with various diseases.
Complement system by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
The complement system consists of over 20 proteins that are part of the innate and adaptive immune system. There are three pathways of complement activation - the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. All three pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that causes cell lysis. The complement system functions to opsonize pathogens, induce inflammation, clear immune complexes, and lyse cells. It is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in specific complement proteins can increase susceptibility to certain pathogens.
Complement system
1. Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies that are secreted and perform effector functions at distant sites from their production. Antibodies neutralize microbes and microbial toxins.
2. The complement system assists antibodies in lysing bacteria. It involves a cascade of proteins that are activated sequentially and amplify the immune response. Activation can occur via the classical, lectin, or alternative pathways.
3. The classical pathway is initiated by the binding of the C1 complex to antibodies bound to pathogens. This activates a protease cascade leading to formation of the membrane attack complex that lyses microbes. The lectin pathway uses mannose-binding lectin and ficolins instead of antibodies. The alternative pathway is antibody
Complement system
The complement system is a collection of soluble proteins and membrane receptors that function in host defense against microbes and inflammatory reactions. It consists of more than 20 proteins numbered C1 through C9. The complement system works through three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative - that ultimately activate C3 and C5 convertases, cleaving C3 and C5 into fragments that opsonize pathogens, induce inflammation, and form the membrane attack complex to lyse microbes. Complement activation is tightly regulated by inhibitory proteins to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in complement proteins can increase susceptibility to certain infections.
The complement system
The document summarizes key aspects of the complement system. It describes the three complement activation pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative. It explains the proteins involved in each pathway and their roles. The classical pathway is activated by antibody binding, while the alternative pathway is antibody-independent and acts as part of innate immunity. Complement activation results in the formation of the membrane attack complex that can lyse target cells.
Complement system done
The complement system is a protective cascading system composed of 25 proteins that can be activated via the classical and alternative pathways, culminating in phagocytosis, lysis, and inflammation. It is present in normal sera and composed of complex protein networks. The classical pathway involves 9 proteins and the alternative pathway involves 13 proteins. Complement activation results in opsonization to enhance phagocytosis, attraction of phagocytes, lysis of bacteria and infected cells, and clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells. Deficiencies in specific complement components can increase susceptibility to certain infections due to impaired opsonization or membrane attack functions.
Complementactivation.ppt
This presentation is organized with the help of other presentations, text book of immunology and some internet resources for better understanding of students.
Complement system
This document summarizes the complement system, which consists of over 30 serum proteins that act in a cascade pathway. There are three activation pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. The classical pathway is activated by antibody-antigen complexes and involves a cascade of proteins like C1, C4, C2, and C3. The complement cascade results in opsonization, cell lysis, inflammation, and immune clearance. The system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells.
Complement system
The document discusses the complement system of teleost fish. It has three pathways - the classical pathway, lectin pathway, and alternative pathway. All three pathways involve a cascade of complement components that ultimately lead to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on pathogen surfaces. The MAC forms pores that lyse pathogens. The complement system also opsonizes pathogens and generates inflammatory peptides like C3a and C5a. Strict regulation is needed to prevent damage to host cells, mediated by factors such as C1 inhibitor, factor H, decay accelerating factor, and CD59.
Complement system
The document discusses the complement system, which consists of over 30 proteins produced by the liver that function in the immune system but are not antibodies. It works as a cascade system where one activation triggers another in a chain reaction. Complement activation can lead to cell lysis and generation of inflammatory substances. It plays a role in defense against bacteria and in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. There are three complement activation pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin. The classical pathway is antibody-dependent while the alternative and lectin pathways are antibody-independent. Complement activation results in opsonization, inflammation, clearance of immune complexes, and lysis of pathogen cells.
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM[immunology]
1. The complement system consists of over 20 proteins that interact to promote inflammation and cell injury. It has three activation pathways: classical, lectin-binding, and alternative.
2. Complement activation results in the formation of C3 and C5 convertases that generate inflammatory anaphylatoxins like C3a and C5a, and opsonins like C3b that promote phagocytosis.
3. The membrane attack complex forms from C5b, C6, C7, C8 and multiple C9 molecules, causing pores in cell membranes and lysing bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. This is a major effector mechanism of innate immunity.
complement and complement deficiency
The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system that activates through three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative. Activation leads to the formation of C3 and C5 convertases that generate inflammatory molecules like C3a and C5a, and opsonins like C3b that promote phagocytosis. It ultimately forms the membrane attack complex that lyses target cells. Complement is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells and excessive inflammation. Deficiencies in complement components can increase risk of certain infections.
Complement system
Complement systemDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
"Complement" describes a system of about 20 proteins, many of which are enzyme precursors. The principal actors in this system are 11 proteins designated C1 through C9, B, and D,
All these are present normally among the plasma proteins in the blood as well as among the proteins that leak out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces.
The enzyme precursors are normally inactive, but they can be activated mainly by the so-called classic pathway.
Complement System
The complement system consists of approximately 20 proteins that are mainly synthesized by the liver and play an important role in innate immunity. It has three main effects: lysis of cells, generation of inflammatory mediators, and enhancement of phagocytosis. There are three pathways of complement activation: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. The classical pathway is part of acquired immunity and requires antigen-antibody complexes, while the lectin and alternative pathways are part of innate immunity and activate in response to microbial surfaces. Complement activation leads to opsonization and lysis of pathogens as well as inflammatory responses. The system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in complement proteins predispose individuals to certain infections
Complement activation nkn
The document discusses the complement system, which kills cells by forming pores on cell membranes. It describes the three pathways of complement activation (classical, lectin, and alternative), the components and steps in each pathway, and the functions of complement including opsonization, inflammation, and direct lysis of pathogens. It also discusses deficiencies that can result in disease and the roles of anaphylotoxins and complement receptors.
The complement system
COMPLEMENT - A group of serum proteins which can be activated (= "fixed") by antigen-antibody complexes or other substances, which may result in lysis of a microbial target, or a variety of other biological effects important in both innate and adaptive immunity. (The majority of these proteins are produced by the liver.)The complex of serum proteins known as COMPLEMENT plays key roles in the lytic and inflammatory properties of antibodies. The CLASSICAL pathway is initiated
by antigen-antibody complexes (via complement components C1, C4, and C2), while the activation of the ALTERNATE pathway (via components B, D and P), and the MBLECTIN ("mannan-binding lectin") pathway may be initiated by other substances independently of adaptive immune responses; all three pathways share those complement components involved in the inflammatory and lytic consequences, namely C3, C5, C6,
C7, C8 and C9. The INFLAMMATION which is a consequence of complement fixation is illustrated by the manifestations of SERUM SICKNESS, and complement is also seen
to be central to the normal process of clearing immune complexes, which is important in preventing IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE.
L4 Complement System.pdf
The complement system consists of over 30 proteins that work together in three pathways - the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways - to help eliminate pathogens from the body. It enhances phagocytosis through opsonization, causes inflammation, and forms the membrane attack complex (MAC) to lyse bacteria. Complement is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells and serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Deficiencies in complement proteins increase susceptibility to certain infections.
Complement system
The complement system is a collection of circulating and cell membrane proteins that play important roles in host defense against microbes and in antibody mediated tissue injury. It has three major pathways of activation - the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. Activation leads to the generation of effector molecules that help eliminate microbes through lysis, opsonization, and inflammation. Deficiencies in complement components increase susceptibility to certain bacterial and viral infections as well as immune complex diseases.
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Complement & complement system
To learn and contribute in the professionally challenging environment in a manner that certainly benefits for man kind and enhances my skills
Complement system
The complement system is part of the innate immune system and consists of over 30 proteins. It was originally identified in the 1890s by Jules Bordet and Paul Ehrlich as a heat-labile component of serum that enhanced the ability of antibodies to kill bacteria. There are three complement activation pathways: the classical pathway which is initiated by antibody-antigen complexes, the lectin pathway which is activated by mannose-binding lectin, and the alternative pathway which is spontaneously activated by microbial surfaces. Complement activation results in opsonization, inflammation, and formation of the membrane attack complex to kill microbes. Deficiencies in specific complement components can increase susceptibility to certain infections.
Complement system
The complement system is a group of proteins in the blood that helps antibodies and phagocytic cells destroy pathogens. It is activated via three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative. Activation leads to a cascade of reactions that results in the formation of the membrane attack complex, which punches holes in the pathogen's cell membrane, killing it. Complement also aids in inflammation, phagocytosis, and immune adherence. The system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies can cause diseases like hereditary angioedema.
Complement06
Complement is a series of serum proteins involved in the immune response that help opsonize pathogens, attract phagocytes, and lyse bacteria and infected cells. It was discovered in 1894 and consists of around 30 circulating and membrane-bound proteins synthesized in the liver and by inflammatory cells. The classical, lectin, and alternative pathways activate different complement components through cleavage by C1, mannose-binding lectin, or spontaneous hydrolysis. Activated components have roles in opsonization, anaphylaxis, and membrane attack. Deficiencies increase risk for infections and autoimmune diseases depending on the pathway and component affected.
Complement
The complement system is made up of over 30 proteins that play an important role in the immune response. It is involved in opsonization, inflammation, cell lysis, and enhances the immune response. There are three complement activation pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. All three pathways converge at the activation of C3 and involve a cascade of proteins cleaving and activating downstream components. Ultimately this leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex which can lyse target cells. Complement is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in complement proteins are associated with various diseases.
Complement system by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
The complement system consists of over 20 proteins that are part of the innate and adaptive immune system. There are three pathways of complement activation - the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. All three pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that causes cell lysis. The complement system functions to opsonize pathogens, induce inflammation, clear immune complexes, and lyse cells. It is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in specific complement proteins can increase susceptibility to certain pathogens.
Complement system
1. Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies that are secreted and perform effector functions at distant sites from their production. Antibodies neutralize microbes and microbial toxins.
2. The complement system assists antibodies in lysing bacteria. It involves a cascade of proteins that are activated sequentially and amplify the immune response. Activation can occur via the classical, lectin, or alternative pathways.
3. The classical pathway is initiated by the binding of the C1 complex to antibodies bound to pathogens. This activates a protease cascade leading to formation of the membrane attack complex that lyses microbes. The lectin pathway uses mannose-binding lectin and ficolins instead of antibodies. The alternative pathway is antibody
Complement system
The complement system is a collection of soluble proteins and membrane receptors that function in host defense against microbes and inflammatory reactions. It consists of more than 20 proteins numbered C1 through C9. The complement system works through three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative - that ultimately activate C3 and C5 convertases, cleaving C3 and C5 into fragments that opsonize pathogens, induce inflammation, and form the membrane attack complex to lyse microbes. Complement activation is tightly regulated by inhibitory proteins to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in complement proteins can increase susceptibility to certain infections.
The complement system
The document summarizes key aspects of the complement system. It describes the three complement activation pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative. It explains the proteins involved in each pathway and their roles. The classical pathway is activated by antibody binding, while the alternative pathway is antibody-independent and acts as part of innate immunity. Complement activation results in the formation of the membrane attack complex that can lyse target cells.
Complement system done
The complement system is a protective cascading system composed of 25 proteins that can be activated via the classical and alternative pathways, culminating in phagocytosis, lysis, and inflammation. It is present in normal sera and composed of complex protein networks. The classical pathway involves 9 proteins and the alternative pathway involves 13 proteins. Complement activation results in opsonization to enhance phagocytosis, attraction of phagocytes, lysis of bacteria and infected cells, and clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells. Deficiencies in specific complement components can increase susceptibility to certain infections due to impaired opsonization or membrane attack functions.
Complementactivation.ppt
This presentation is organized with the help of other presentations, text book of immunology and some internet resources for better understanding of students.
Complement system
This document summarizes the complement system, which consists of over 30 serum proteins that act in a cascade pathway. There are three activation pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. The classical pathway is activated by antibody-antigen complexes and involves a cascade of proteins like C1, C4, C2, and C3. The complement cascade results in opsonization, cell lysis, inflammation, and immune clearance. The system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells.
Complement system
The document discusses the complement system of teleost fish. It has three pathways - the classical pathway, lectin pathway, and alternative pathway. All three pathways involve a cascade of complement components that ultimately lead to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on pathogen surfaces. The MAC forms pores that lyse pathogens. The complement system also opsonizes pathogens and generates inflammatory peptides like C3a and C5a. Strict regulation is needed to prevent damage to host cells, mediated by factors such as C1 inhibitor, factor H, decay accelerating factor, and CD59.
Complement system
The document discusses the complement system, which consists of over 30 proteins produced by the liver that function in the immune system but are not antibodies. It works as a cascade system where one activation triggers another in a chain reaction. Complement activation can lead to cell lysis and generation of inflammatory substances. It plays a role in defense against bacteria and in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. There are three complement activation pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin. The classical pathway is antibody-dependent while the alternative and lectin pathways are antibody-independent. Complement activation results in opsonization, inflammation, clearance of immune complexes, and lysis of pathogen cells.
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM[immunology]
1. The complement system consists of over 20 proteins that interact to promote inflammation and cell injury. It has three activation pathways: classical, lectin-binding, and alternative.
2. Complement activation results in the formation of C3 and C5 convertases that generate inflammatory anaphylatoxins like C3a and C5a, and opsonins like C3b that promote phagocytosis.
3. The membrane attack complex forms from C5b, C6, C7, C8 and multiple C9 molecules, causing pores in cell membranes and lysing bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. This is a major effector mechanism of innate immunity.
complement and complement deficiency
The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system that activates through three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative. Activation leads to the formation of C3 and C5 convertases that generate inflammatory molecules like C3a and C5a, and opsonins like C3b that promote phagocytosis. It ultimately forms the membrane attack complex that lyses target cells. Complement is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells and excessive inflammation. Deficiencies in complement components can increase risk of certain infections.
Complement system
Complement systemDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
"Complement" describes a system of about 20 proteins, many of which are enzyme precursors. The principal actors in this system are 11 proteins designated C1 through C9, B, and D,
All these are present normally among the plasma proteins in the blood as well as among the proteins that leak out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces.
The enzyme precursors are normally inactive, but they can be activated mainly by the so-called classic pathway.
Complement System
The complement system consists of approximately 20 proteins that are mainly synthesized by the liver and play an important role in innate immunity. It has three main effects: lysis of cells, generation of inflammatory mediators, and enhancement of phagocytosis. There are three pathways of complement activation: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. The classical pathway is part of acquired immunity and requires antigen-antibody complexes, while the lectin and alternative pathways are part of innate immunity and activate in response to microbial surfaces. Complement activation leads to opsonization and lysis of pathogens as well as inflammatory responses. The system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in complement proteins predispose individuals to certain infections
Complement activation nkn
The document discusses the complement system, which kills cells by forming pores on cell membranes. It describes the three pathways of complement activation (classical, lectin, and alternative), the components and steps in each pathway, and the functions of complement including opsonization, inflammation, and direct lysis of pathogens. It also discusses deficiencies that can result in disease and the roles of anaphylotoxins and complement receptors.
The complement system
COMPLEMENT - A group of serum proteins which can be activated (= "fixed") by antigen-antibody complexes or other substances, which may result in lysis of a microbial target, or a variety of other biological effects important in both innate and adaptive immunity. (The majority of these proteins are produced by the liver.)The complex of serum proteins known as COMPLEMENT plays key roles in the lytic and inflammatory properties of antibodies. The CLASSICAL pathway is initiated
by antigen-antibody complexes (via complement components C1, C4, and C2), while the activation of the ALTERNATE pathway (via components B, D and P), and the MBLECTIN ("mannan-binding lectin") pathway may be initiated by other substances independently of adaptive immune responses; all three pathways share those complement components involved in the inflammatory and lytic consequences, namely C3, C5, C6,
C7, C8 and C9. The INFLAMMATION which is a consequence of complement fixation is illustrated by the manifestations of SERUM SICKNESS, and complement is also seen
to be central to the normal process of clearing immune complexes, which is important in preventing IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE.
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The complement system consists of over 30 proteins that work together in three pathways - the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways - to help eliminate pathogens from the body. It enhances phagocytosis through opsonization, causes inflammation, and forms the membrane attack complex (MAC) to lyse bacteria. Complement is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells and serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Deficiencies in complement proteins increase susceptibility to certain infections.
Complement system
The complement system is a collection of circulating and cell membrane proteins that play important roles in host defense against microbes and in antibody mediated tissue injury. It has three major pathways of activation - the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. Activation leads to the generation of effector molecules that help eliminate microbes through lysis, opsonization, and inflammation. Deficiencies in complement components increase susceptibility to certain bacterial and viral infections as well as immune complex diseases.
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This document provides information on complement, including:
- It defines complement and describes the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways.
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The complement system is part of the innate immune system and consists of over 20 proteins that complement the function of antibodies and immune cells. It can be activated via the classical pathway by antibodies binding to pathogens or via the alternative pathway through direct binding of C3 protein to pathogens. Both pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex that creates pores in the pathogen's membrane to kill it. The complement system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells and deficiencies can increase susceptibility to certain infections.
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The complement system is a part of the innate immune system that helps antibodies and phagocytes clear pathogens. It consists of over 30 proteins that are normally circulating in inactive forms but can be activated via three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative. Activation leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex which punches holes in pathogen cell membranes to lyse them. Complement activation also results in inflammation and opsonization to mark pathogens for destruction.
Complementary system
The document provides an overview of the complement system in fish. It discusses:
1) The complement system consists of soluble and membrane-bound proteins that play a critical role in the host defense through interactions with both the innate and adaptive immune systems.
2) The complement system has three pathways - classical, lectin, and alternative - that recognize pathogens and promote their clearance through lysis, opsonization, and inflammation.
3) Complement components are produced as inactive zymogens and activated through proteolytic cleavage in cascading reactions on pathogen surfaces to form the membrane attack complex, which lyses cells.
Complement systeM
Dr. Prem Mohan Jha presented on complement physiology. The complement system is part of the innate immune system and helps antibodies clear pathogens. It involves a biochemical cascade that is activated via three pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. Complement activation leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) which lyses cells. The complement system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host cells. Deficiencies in complement components or regulators result in increased susceptibility to infections.
Complement system.pptx
It complements the function of antibodies in killing the bacteria by the formation of Membrane Attack Complex.
Complement System.pptx
Elaborate about the complement system, the pathway of complement system, the Membrane Attack Complex.
Complement system
The term ‘complement’ refers to set of serum proteins that cooperate in both innate and adaptive immune system to eliminate blood tissue pathogens.
It was 1st identified as heat labile component of serum.
Major effectors of hormonal branch of immune system.
Paul Ehrlich in Berlin independently carried out similar experiments & coined the term COMPLEMENT, defining it as ‘’ the activity of blood serum that completes the action of antibody.’’
In later years it was revealed that the action of complement is basically the result of interaction of large & complex group of proteins.Most of the components of complement system are synthesized in liver by hepatocytes, epithelial cells of gastrointestinal & genitourinary tracts.
it consist up of 15% of globular proteins fraction in plasma & combined conc. Is about 3 mg/ml.
These are the glycoproteins distributed among blood plasma & cell membrane.After activation several components interact in regulated cascade to carry out no. of basic functions…..
Lysis if cells .( bacteria , virus)
Opsonization, that promote phagocytosis of particulate antigens.
Activation of inflammatory response.
Immune clearance.
Chemotaxis.
Lysis refers to the breaking down of the cells' membrane , by viral, enzymic, or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity.
A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a "lysate".
Cell lysis is used to break open cells to avoid shear forces that would denature or degrade sensitive proteins and DNA.
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The complement system
- 1. The Complement system Karthika Durairaj M.Sc Biochemistry
- 2. The Complement system Karthika Durairaj M.Sc Biochemistry
- 3. The complement system • A defensive system consisting of over 30 proteins produced by the liver and found in circulating blood serum. • Complement kills microbes in three different ways – 1. opsonization – 2. inflammation – 3. Cytolysis
- 4. A Cascade system • The complement works as a cascade system. – Cascade is when one reaction triggers another reaction which trigger others and so on. These types of systems can grow exponentially very fast.
- 5. Cascade activation • Complement proteins are often designated by an uppercase letter C and are inactive until they are split into products. – Example: C1 • When the products are split they become active. The active products are usually designated with a lower case a or b. – Example: C1a and C1b
- 6. Two Pathways • The complement pathway can be activated by either of two different pathways. – Classical pathway (specific immune system) – alternative (non-specific immune system)
- 7. The Classical Pathway • The classical pathway is considered to be part of the specific immune response because it relies on antibodies to initiate it. • C1 becomes activated when it binds to the ends of antibodies
- 8. The building of a C3 activation complex • Once C1 is activated, it activates 2 other complement proteins, C2 and C4 by cutting them in half • C2 is cleaved into C2a and C2b • C4 is cleaved into C4a and C4b • Both C2b and C4b bind together on the surface of the bacteria • C2a and C4a diffuse away
- 9. C3 Activation complex • C2b and C4b bind together on the surface to form a C3 activation complex • The function of the C3 activation complex is to activate C3 proteins. – This is done by cleaving C3 into C3a and C3b
- 10. C3b • Many C3b molecules are produced by the C3 activation complex. • The C3b bind to and coat the surface of the bacteria. • C3b is an opsonin – Opsonins are molecules that bind both to bacteria and phagocytes – Opsonization increases phagocytosis by 1,000 fold. Opsonins
- 11. C3a C3a increases the inflammatory response by binding to mast cells and causing them to release histamine
- 12. Building the C5 activation complex • Eventially enough C3b is cleaved that the surface of the bacteria begins to become saturated with it. • C2b and C4b which make up the C3 activation complex has a slight affinity for C3b and C3b binds to them • When C3b binds to C2b and C4b it forms a new complex referred to as the C5 activation complex
- 13. The C5 activation complex • The C5 activation complex (C2b, C4b, C3b) activates C5 proteins by cleaving them into C5a and C5b • Many C5b proteins are produced by the C5activation complex. These C5b begin to coat the surface of the bacteria.
- 14. The function of C5a • C5a disperses away from the bacteria. – Binds to mast cells and increases inflammation. – Most powerful chemotactic factor known for leukocytes
- 15. Building the Membrane Attack complex • C5b on the surface of bacteria binds to C6 • The binding of C6 to C5b activates C6 so that it can bind to C7 • C7 binds to C8 which in turn binds to many C9’s • Together these proteins form a circular complex called the Membrane attack complex (MAC)
- 16. Membrane Attack complex • The MAC causes Cytolysis. – The circular membrane attack complex acts as a channel in which cytoplasm can rush out of and water rushes in. • The cells inner integrity is compromised and it dies • Animation of the classical pathaway
- 17. Overview
- 18. The alternative pathway • The alternative pathway is part of the non- specific defense because it does not need antibodies to initiate the pathway. • The alternative pathway is slower than the Classical pathway
- 20. Initiation of The Alternative pathway • C3 contains in unstable thioester bond. • This unstable bond makesC3 subject to slow spontaneous hydrolysis to C3b and C3a • The C3b is able to bind to foreign surface antigens. • Mammalian cells contain sialic acid which inactivates C3b
- 21. Factor B • C3b on the surface of a foreign cells binds to another plasma protein called factor B
- 22. Factor D • The binding of C3b to factor B allows a protein enzyme called Factor D to cleave Factor B to Ba and Bb. • Factor Bb remains bound to C3b while Ba and Factor D disperse away.
- 23. The C3 activation complex • Properdin, also called factor P, binds to the C3bBb complex to stabilize it. • C3bBbP make up the C3 activation complex for the alternative pathway
- 24. The C3 activation Complex • The C3 activation complex causes the production of more C3b. • This allows the initial steps of this pathway to be repeated and amplified • 2X106 molecules can be generated in 5 minutes
- 25. C5 activation complex • When an additional C3b binds to the C3 activation complex it converts it into a C5 activation complex. • The C5 activation complex cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b. • C5b begins the production of the MAC.
- 26. Overview
- 27. Interferon