The document discusses the chain of infection, which involves a pathogen exiting from a reservoir through direct or indirect transmission. Direct transmission occurs through close physical contact or person-to-person contact, while indirect transmission involves an intermediate carrier like contaminated food, water, or insects transmitting the pathogen.

1. The Chain of Infection

3. PATHOGEN

4. RESERVOIR

5. • Common mode of exit:
– Break in the skin
– Nose
– Mouth
– Anus

6. • DIRECT TRANSMISSION
– through close physical contact or direct person-
to-person contact
– Examples: touching with contaminated hands,
shaking hands, kissing etc.
• INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
- though an intermediate item or carrier
- Examples: contaminated food/water, eating
utensils, carried by mosquitoes or other insects