This document discusses the prevention of communicable diseases. It defines communicable diseases and describes their modes of transmission, including direct contact, droplets, vectors, fomites, and vehicles. It lists many prevalent communicable diseases in India like respiratory infections, intestinal infections, arthropod-borne diseases, zoonoses, and hospital-acquired infections. It provides tips for disease prevention such as handwashing, vaccination, appropriate antibiotic use, isolation when sick, safe food handling, and cleaning. The role of doctors is outlined as controlling reservoirs, interrupting transmission, protecting susceptibles, and implementing non-specific measures.

1. PREVENTION OF
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

2. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
An illness due to a specific infectious agent or
its toxic products capable of being directly or
indirectly transmitted from man to man, animal
to animal or from the environment (air, dust, soil
,water, food) to man or animal.

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD

4. DYNAMICS OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION

5. MODES OF TRANSMISSION

6. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
A. DIRECT TRANSMISSION
B. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

7. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION

8. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Direct Contact

9. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Direct Contact
• Skin to Skin.
• Mucosa to Mucosa.
• Mucosa to Skin.
Of the same person or different Person.
E.g.-STD, AIDS, leprosy, skin and eye infections.

10. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Direct Contact
• Droplet Infection

11. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Direct Contact
• Droplet Infection
Direct Projection of a spray of droplets of
saliva and naso-pharyngeal secretions
during coughing, sneezing or speaking
to the surrounding atmosphere.
Eg: Respiratory infections, diphtheria,
whooping cough, TB, Meningococcal
meningitis.

12. Droplet Sprayed into the Air from a Sneeze

13. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Direct Contact
• Droplet Infection
• Contact with Soil
Eg: Hookworm larva, Tetanus.

14. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Direct Contact
• Droplet Infection
• Contact with Soil
• Inoculation into skin or mucosa
Eg: Rabies, infected needles.

15. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Direct Contact
• Droplet Infection
• Contact with Soil
• Inoculation into skin or mucosa
• Tran placental (vertical)
Eg: TORCH agents, syphilis, HBV, AIDS

16. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
Traditionally 5F’s
 Flies
 Finger
 Fomite
 Food
 Fluids

17. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Vehicle-borne.
 Water (MC)
 Food
 Ice
 Blood, Serum, Plasma
 Tissues and organs

18. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Vehicle-borne.
• Vector-borne.

19. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Vehicle-borne.
• Vector-borne.
• Air-borne.

20. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Vehicle-borne.
• Vector-borne.
• Air-borne.
• Fomite-borne.
Inanimate article or substances other than water or
food contaminated by infectious agents

21. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
• Vehicle-borne.
• Vector-borne.
• Air-borne.
• Fomite-borne.
• Unclean hand and finger.

22. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
PREVALENT IN INDIA
Respiratory infections:
• Chicken pox. • Diphtheria.
• Measles. • Meningitis.
• Mumps. • Whooping Cough.
• Rubella. • ARI.
• Influenza . • TB.

23. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
PREVALENT IN INDIA
Intestinal Infections:
• Poliomyelitis. • Food poisoning.
• Viral hepatitis. • Amoebiasis.
• Acute diarrheal • Taeniasis.
disease. • Ascarasis.
• Typhoid fever. • Hookworm infestation.
• Cholera.

24. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
PREVALENT IN INDIA
Arthropod-borne Diseases
• Malaria
• Dengue.
• Filariasis.
Zoonosis:
Viral Bacterial
• Rabies. • Leptospirosis.
• JE. • Brucellosis.
• Avian flu. • Human salmonellosis.

25. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
PREVALENT IN INDIA
Surface Infections:
• Trachoma
• Tetanus
• Leprosy
• AIDS
• STD
Hospital Acquired Infections.

26. Disease Prevention And Control
Decrease your risk of infectious diseases by
understanding how they spread and how
you can protect yourself.

27. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often:

28. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often:
This is especially important before and after
preparing food, before eating and after
using the toilet.

29. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.
• Get vaccinated.

30. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.
• Get vaccinated.
Immunization can drastically reduce the
chances of contracting many diseases.

31. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.
• Get vaccinated.
• Use antibiotics sensibly.

32. • Only take antibiotics when necessary.
• If they're prescribed, take them exactly as
directed — don't stop taking them early
because your symptoms have gone away.

33. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.
• Get vaccinated.
• Use antibiotics sensibly.
• Stay at home if you have signs and
symptoms of an infection.

34. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.
• Get vaccinated.
• Use antibiotics sensibly.
• Stay at home if you have signs and
symptoms of an infection.
• Be smart about food preparation.

35. Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.
• Get vaccinated.
• Use antibiotics sensibly.
• Stay at home if you have signs and
symptoms of an infection.
• Be smart about food preparation.
• Pay special attention to cleaning the 'hot
zones' in your home.

36. Disease Prevention And Control
• Don't share personal items.

37. Disease Prevention And Control
• Don't share personal items.
Use your own
• Toothbrush
• Comb
• Razor blade.
• Avoid sharing drinking glasses or dining utensils.

38. Disease Prevention And Control
• Don't share personal items.
• Travel wisely.

39. Disease Prevention And Control
• Don't share personal items.
• Travel wisely.
• Keep your pets healthy.

40. ROLE OF DOCTORS IN PREVENTING
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
a) Controlling the reservoir
a. Early Diagnosis
 Precise treatment
 Epidemiological Investigation- study time place & person
distribution of the disease and
 For institution of prevention and control measures.
b.Notification
c. Isolation
d. Quarantine

41. ROLE OF DOCTORS IN PREVENTING
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
b) Interruption of transmission
“Breaking the chain of Transmission”
c) Susceptible Host
a. Active immunization.
b. Passive Immunization
c. Combined Active and passive immunization.
d) Non-specific measures
 Better housing, water-supply, sanitation. nutrition and
education.
 Legislative measures- to formulate and effective
implementation of measures.