This document outlines the schedule and content for a global agriculture leadership academy on the CGIAR and the agriculture sector. The schedule covers CGIAR research centers and their role in agriculture, common pool resources, and collective action and property rights. It also profiles the International Rice Research Institute and its contributions to the Green Revolution through the development of high-yielding rice varieties. The agriculture sector relies on common resources like land and water, which present issues due to factors such as heterogeneous and overlapping uses, as well as gender differences in resource dependence.

1. AG 4390/AG 5371:
Global Agriculture Leadership Academy
THE CGIAR AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Rowena Andrea Valmonte-Santos
Senior Research Analyst
International Food Policy Research Institute
Department of Agriculture Texas State University|
22 March 2023

2. SCHEDULE
1:00-3:00pm, Wednesday, March 22:
 CGIAR and its Research Centers
 Agriculture Sector and Common Pool Resources
2:00-4:00pm, Thursday, March 23:
 Common Pool Resources
 Collective Action and Property Rights
3:00-5:00pm, Friday, March 24:
 Application
 Country Case Study

3. CGIAR – CONSULTATIVE GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS

4. CGIAR - https://www.cgiar.org/
A global research partnership for a food secure future dedicated to
• Reducing poverty,
• Enhancing food and nutrition security, and
• Improving natural resources
15 Research Centers
• Independent
• Non-profit research organizations
• Conduct innovative research to create a better future for the world’s poor

5. CGIAR - https://www.cgiar.org/
 Wealth of knowledge and experience spanning 50 years that builds on a
track-record of innovation and world-class research
 More than 8,000 scientists, researchers, technicians, and staff
 CGIAR staff - forefront of research providing evidence to
o Policymakers
o Innovation to partners and
o New tools to transform the global food system

6. CG Research Centers
1. IRRI – International Rice Research Institute,
Philippines
2. CIFOR - Center for International Forestry
Research, Indonesia
3. WorldFish Center, Malaysia
4. ICRISAT – International Crops Research
Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, India
5. IWMI – International Water Management
Institute, Sri Lanka
6. ICRAF – World Agroforestry, Kenya
7. ILRI – International Livestock Research
Institute, Kenya and Ethiopia
8. IITA – International Institute of Tropical
Agriculture, Nigeria
9. Africa Rice Center – Cote d’Ivoire
10. ICARDA - International Center for Agricultural Research in the
Dry Areas, Lebanon
11. Bioversity International - Italy
12. CIP – International Potato Center, Peru
13. CIAT – International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Colombia
14. CIMMYT – International Maize and Wheat Improvement
Center, Mexico
15. IFPRI – International Food Policy Research Institute, USA

7. CGIAR Research Initiatives
 Developed in 2020-2021 – in consultation with
• Research Centers
• Financial institutions (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, World Bank, USAID, Asian
Development Bank, African Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank,
etc)
• Stakeholders (Developed, Developing Country partners; Government; NGOs;
• Policy Think-Tank (Academe, other international/regional/national research
organizations)
 Operationalized in 2021
 Research Initiatives started in 2022

8. CGIAR Research Initiatives

9. Research Initiatives

10. The International Rice Research Institute

11. IRRI and the Philippines
• Movement to increase yields by using:
 New, high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat
 Irrigation
 Fertilizers
 Pesticides
 Crucial step was breeding the fertilizer-and water-responsive varieties of rice and wheat
 1960 - Ford and Rockefeller Foundations
• Famine threats in Asia
• Established and funded IRRI, Philippines
 Green Revolution
• Termed coined by U.S. Agency for International
Development director William Gaud (March 1968)

12. CGIAR Scientists and Green Revolution
 Norman Borlaug
• 1940s-50s: Wheat varieties, CIMMYT
• Founder, The World Food Prize
• 1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
 Henry M. Beachell and
Gurdev Singh Khush
• 1963: IR36 rice varieties, IRRI
• 1996 World Food Prize
Sources: World Food Prize; Farming in the 1950s and 1960s; IRRI 50th Anniversary
 Peter Jennings
• 1962: IR8 rice varieties, IRRI

13. THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Photo by: Jonald John Morales
Source: Integrated rice-fish farming

14. Agriculture Sector: Common Property Resources
 Resources: Land, Water
 Livelihoods of the poor, women, pastoralists,
fishers, forest-dependent communities
• Fuel, fodder, medicines etc.
• Often not marketed, not counted
 Environmental services: carbon, water, soils,
biodiversity, pollination
 Natural resource systems or socially created –
large enough that exclusion of potential users
is difficult or costly
 Shared resources
 Sustained use demand collective action
(cooperation and coordination)
Source: Collective action and common pool resources

15. Mosaic of land use and tenure types
Photo credit: CIFOR

16. Issues on Common Pool Resources
Low excludability,
high
subtractability
Heterogeneous
resources over
space and time
Multiple,
overlapping uses
Gender
differences in
resource uses,
dependence,
priorities

17. Source: Ruth Meinzen-Dick 2021

18. Property
Rights
Source: Ruth Meinzen-Dick 2021

19. Summary
 Collective Action and Property Rights
 Institutions and Governance
Thursday
 CGIAR Research
 IRRI and the Green Revolution
 Common Resources in Agriculture
 Issues on Common Resources

20. Questions?