“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar BhanushaliUdayBhanushali111
Mechanisms and techniques used for Bioremediation which includes phytoremediation, Bacterial & fungal bioremediation. Examples of heavy metal pollution
“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar BhanushaliUdayBhanushali111
Mechanisms and techniques used for Bioremediation which includes phytoremediation, Bacterial & fungal bioremediation. Examples of heavy metal pollution
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
"Remediate" means to solve a problem, and "bio-remediate" means to use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater.
Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to abate or clean up contamination.
According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances”.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
"Remediate" means to solve a problem, and "bio-remediate" means to use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater.
Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to abate or clean up contamination.
According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances”.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
ecological Physiology class no 1,by kulanthaivel shanmugaraj,india.kshanmugaraj1997
Class no 1: Influence of anthropogenic factors on cardio-vascular system ,ecological physiology,physiology department,crimea state medical university,russia.
conclusion
The dehydration of an alcohol, a common method for preparing ether compounds, involves the removal of water from the alcohol molecule. Factors influencing the yield and purity include the specific alcohol, dehydrating agent, reaction time, temperature, and purification techniques. Safety precautions are crucial when handling ethers, which are volatile, flammable, and potentially toxic.
the dehydration of an alcohol is a common method for the preparation of ether compounds, which have various industrial and medical uses. The specific experimental conditions and results would provide more details about the ether synthesis process and properties.observation
Based on the observations and results from the experiment, we can conclude that ethers, such as diethyl ether, can be prepared through the dehydration of alcohols. This process is significant as ethers have various applications as solvents and anesthetics. The successful preparation of ether through alcohol dehydration demonstrates the practicality of this method in organic synthesis.Preparation of Ether
Introduction
Ethers, such as diethyl ether, are used as solvents and anesthetics. They can be prepared
through the dehydration of alcohol.
Materials
• Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol)
• Lemon juice or vinegar (acetic acid)
• A shallow dish
• Warm water (to simulate gentle heating)
• Safety equipment (gloves, goggles)
Methods
1. Simplified Ether Preparation:
• Pour rubbing alcohol into a shallow dish.
• Add a few drops of lemon juice or vinegar.
• Place the dish in a bowl of warm water to gently warm it.
• Observe the mixture for any changes in smell or appearance.
Observations and Results (from the whole experiment):
Conclusions (what can you conclude):observation
Ethers, like diethyl ether, are solvents and anesthetics that can be prepared by dehydrating alcohol.conclusion
The dehydration of an alcohol, a common method for preparing ether compounds, involves the removal of water from the alcohol molecule. Factors influencing the yield and purity include the specific alcohol, dehydrating agent, reaction time, temperature, and purification techniques. Safety precautions are crucial when handling ethers, which are volatile, flammable, and potentially toxic.
the dehydration of an alcohol is a common method for the preparation of ether compounds, which have various industrial and medical uses. The specific experimental conditions and results would provide more details about the ether synthesis process and properties.observation
Based on the observations and results from the experiment, we can conclude that ethers, such as diethyl ether, can be prepared through the dehydration of alcohols. This process is significant as ethers have various applications as solvents and anesthetics. The successful preparation of ether through alcohol dehydration demonstrates the practicality of this method in organic synthesis.observation
Ethers, like diethyl ether, are solvents andPreparation of Et
This article in the form of power point will guide you in understanding the the concept and applications of macro as well as micro nutrients in the soil.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
2. Bioaccumulation
• Bioaccumulation is the “build-up of
chemicals in living organisms”.
• The chemical accumulates because it does
not break down easily (decomposers can’t
break them down)
• The chemicals get stored in fat-cells of
organisms and can cause serious problems...
NOTE: Accumulation is measured in parts per million (ppm)
3. Bioaccumulation is essentially the buildup of contaminants
such as heavy metals or pesticides in living organisms. Aquatic
organisms are often subject to bioaccumulation because they
absorb contaminants from the water around them faster thantheir
bodies are able to excrete them.
Humans are also subject to bioaccumulation, either from
consuming contaminated aquatic organisms or from exposure to
contaminants in our food, air, or water. Heavy metalsdo
not biodegrade, which means they can last for a long time in our
bodies.
What is Bioaccumulation?
4.
5. Effect of heavy metals on aquatic life:
• Fish is high in omega-3 and protein that the human body needs to stay
healthy. However, potentially dangerous heavy metals are absorbed
into the body tissues of fish that are transferred to humans on
consumption of this affected fish.
• Good quality of food for human consumption can only be produced in an
environment free from contamination and pollution. Fish are of great
economic importance, but are affected immensely by various chemicals
including heavy metals directly or indirectly in different ways.
6. Effect of varying concentrations of heavy metal salts on
normal blood cells of fish Labeo rohita exposed for 15, 30
and 45 days was studied. Following physiological changes
in the fish were observed:
Cell membrane may be wrinkled, damaged or totally
destroyed.
Nucleus of the cell may be damaged.
Nucleus may shift in position.
Size of nucleus may be reduced or may be enlarged.
Nucleus may be totally destroyed.
Vacillation is observed inside the cell
7. Cell membrane wrinkled and damaged.Nucleus shift in position.
Vacillation is observed inside the cell. Normal blood smears of fish Labeo rohita
8. • Unfortunately, heavy metals can have serious health
effects for humans.
• Many play a role in cancer development or cause
internal organ damage, even at low concentrations.
• Cadmium, cobalt, lead, nickel, and mercury are also
known to affect the formation of blood cells–the metals
can react with the surface of the cells, making them less
elastic and therefore less able to circulate throughout the
body.
Health Effects of Heavy Metals:
9. • How it affects organisms:
– Birth defects
– Failure to reproduce
• Amphibians live on both land and in the water.
– Amphibians are sensitive to chemical changes in the
environment and are valuable indicators of environmental
health.
– Sincethe 1980s,many of the world’s amphibianspecies have
suffered declines in population.
– There also have been alarming increases in amphibian birth
deformities.
10. Mercury
Mercury is known to cause brain damage in developing
children, and if you’re pregnant, it can cause birth defects or
possibly a miscarriage. Methyl mercury compounds are also known
to cause cancer. There is a deep concern aboutmercury exposure
through predatory fish such as tuna
Lead
Lead is particularly harmful for children. It is structurally
similar to calcium and can therefore replace calcium in the
growing bones of children. Once the child is grown, the lead can
release into the body and cause brain and nerve damage.
11. Lead can also cause anemia, reproductive issues, and renal
impairment. People are usually exposed to lead through contaminated
food or water, or in the case of children, from ingesting objects with
lead paint. Lead can be expelled at very low levels, but at high or
continuous doses, lead bio accumulates inthe body.
Cadmium
Cadmium remains in human bodies for decades, and long-term exposure
is linked to renal dysfunction. A high concentration exposure can also
lead to bone defects and lung disease, which may eventually become
lung cancer. People can be exposed to cadmium not only through food
and water, but also from tobacco in cigarettes.
12. Arsenic
Arsenic is technically considered a metalloid, but acts like a heavy
metal in its toxicology. Arsenic exposure can causebreathing problems,
lung and skin cancer, decreased IQ, nervous system issues, and even
death at high levels.
Arsenic easily enters ground water and soils from natural
sources and industrial operations. Some crops can uptakearsenic after
irrigation or from the soil, an example being rice, leading to exposure
through food.
13. How to Reduce Exposure of heavy metals
Though these health effects may seem frightening, there are a
few simple ways to reduce your exposure to heavy metals and
protect your health! A few include:
1. Avoid certain fish such as king marckered,marlin,tilefish
2. Stop smoking tobacco
3. Minimize rice consumption.
4. Read medicine labels.
5. Be aware of lead pipes & filter your water