Utilisation of Fly Ash in Cement ConcretePramey Zode
To meet the ever increasing demand of electricity, Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) are being set up all over the world, thereby resulting into more consumption of the coal in these plants. The disposal of ash derived from combustion has become a major issue now-a-days. The study of Fly Ash, as it is called, has found that it can be used in various civil engineering applications such as bricks and concrete making. This paper reviews the utilisation of Fly Ash as the admixture in partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement to upto 35%, and even more upto 50% in High- Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete which reduces the water demand, improves the workability, minimizes cracking due to thermal and drying shrinkage, and enhances durability to reinforcement corrosion, sulphate attack, and alkali-silica expansion. This admixing proves to be a best filler material which also reduce overall cost of construction and act as an eco-friendly material.
One of the major adventures of civilization is construction .With the passing times in growth of population, today construction activity is at its peak .Even with the advancement of technology the quality of construction largely depends upon the ingredients used to construct any building. One such ingredient is sand, which is one of the most essential components to give shape to the dreams of the people. Natural sand has been the main source of fine aggregates, since man began to use concrete and masonry. The fact remains undisputed that the river sand that has been produced by rivers in natural processes has not increased for ages. Down the years, these river sand deposits have been exploited to the fullest extent. This indiscriminate exploitation causing almost an irreversible damage to the river system are leading to ecological damage, ground water depletion, water scarcity and fall in farm production. Above all, illegal quarrying and use of filter sand is nothing but playing with human lives. Most of the state governments of India are imposing environmental ban on the dredging operations and all sand quarrying operations in most of the areas. This leads to the development of another latest technology, alternative to the river sand –ROBOSAND
Effect of rice husk ash on the strenght and durability of concrete by debasreeDEBASREE GHOSH
Description of concrete,objective,Literature Review,different material properties,Experiments and its procedure of observation,compressive strength,split tensile strength,flexural strength ,rapid chloride permeability test,youngs modulus and non destructive tests.
As A part of my minor project , Me and my Colleagues had worked on how the polypropylene fiber will affect the various properties of concrete viz. Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength , Workability and so on. So I would I like To share My Work With All Of You and the test result We obtained during the testing Procedure . Thank U.
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.
Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than traditional cements with respect to most properties.
Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural applications.
Benefits of using GGBS cement in large concrete poursDavidOFlynn
This presentation explains the benefits of using GGBS cement in reducing the risk of thermal cracking, particularly in relation to wind turbine foundations
Utilisation of Fly Ash in Cement ConcretePramey Zode
To meet the ever increasing demand of electricity, Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) are being set up all over the world, thereby resulting into more consumption of the coal in these plants. The disposal of ash derived from combustion has become a major issue now-a-days. The study of Fly Ash, as it is called, has found that it can be used in various civil engineering applications such as bricks and concrete making. This paper reviews the utilisation of Fly Ash as the admixture in partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement to upto 35%, and even more upto 50% in High- Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete which reduces the water demand, improves the workability, minimizes cracking due to thermal and drying shrinkage, and enhances durability to reinforcement corrosion, sulphate attack, and alkali-silica expansion. This admixing proves to be a best filler material which also reduce overall cost of construction and act as an eco-friendly material.
One of the major adventures of civilization is construction .With the passing times in growth of population, today construction activity is at its peak .Even with the advancement of technology the quality of construction largely depends upon the ingredients used to construct any building. One such ingredient is sand, which is one of the most essential components to give shape to the dreams of the people. Natural sand has been the main source of fine aggregates, since man began to use concrete and masonry. The fact remains undisputed that the river sand that has been produced by rivers in natural processes has not increased for ages. Down the years, these river sand deposits have been exploited to the fullest extent. This indiscriminate exploitation causing almost an irreversible damage to the river system are leading to ecological damage, ground water depletion, water scarcity and fall in farm production. Above all, illegal quarrying and use of filter sand is nothing but playing with human lives. Most of the state governments of India are imposing environmental ban on the dredging operations and all sand quarrying operations in most of the areas. This leads to the development of another latest technology, alternative to the river sand –ROBOSAND
Effect of rice husk ash on the strenght and durability of concrete by debasreeDEBASREE GHOSH
Description of concrete,objective,Literature Review,different material properties,Experiments and its procedure of observation,compressive strength,split tensile strength,flexural strength ,rapid chloride permeability test,youngs modulus and non destructive tests.
As A part of my minor project , Me and my Colleagues had worked on how the polypropylene fiber will affect the various properties of concrete viz. Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength , Workability and so on. So I would I like To share My Work With All Of You and the test result We obtained during the testing Procedure . Thank U.
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.
Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than traditional cements with respect to most properties.
Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural applications.
Benefits of using GGBS cement in large concrete poursDavidOFlynn
This presentation explains the benefits of using GGBS cement in reducing the risk of thermal cracking, particularly in relation to wind turbine foundations
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Flyash and GGBSijsrd.com
This paper presents a laboratory investigation on optimum level of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement of cement to study the strength characteristics of concrete. Portland cement was partially replaced by 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% of GGBS and Fly ash by 20%, 40%, 60% respectively. The water to cementations materials ratio was maintained at 0.45 for all mixes. The strength characteristics of the concrete were evaluated by conducting Compressive strength test, Splitting Tensile strength test and Flexural strength test. The compression strength test were conducted for 7days and 28days of curing and split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were conducted for 28days of curing on a M25 grade concrete. The mix proportion M25 was found to be 1:1.36:2.71.The test results proved that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete mixtures containing GGBS and Fly ash increases as the amount of GGBS and Fly ash increase. After an optimum point, at around 9% of GGBS and 40% of Fly ash of the total binder content, the further addition of GGBS and fly ash does not improve the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength.
GGBS are added from 0% to 40% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all
soil property at 0 % (no GGBS) and then compare after addition of GGBS from 10% to 40%. On
the basis of Standard Proctor test & Unconfined Compressive Strength test the optimum
percentage of GGBS is 10%. Investigations showed that generally the engineering properties
which improved with the addition of GGBS. The California bearing ratio of soil increases as the
percentage of GGBS replaced in increase.
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF METAKIOLIN AND GGBS BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Objectives: To investigate the properties of metakiolin and GGBS based geopolymer concrete. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this connection, Geopolymer is need of the hour, where the binder is inorganic polymer. Geopolymer concrete will be introduced as an alternative concrete which did not use any cement in its mixture and used Metakaolin and GGBS as alternative cement. NaOH and Na2SiO3 were used as activator solution. Findings: Geopolymer concrete is prepared by using the solution of sodium silicate mixed with sodium hydroxide. The fixed ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide is 2.5 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 8M. The geo polymer concrete specimens are casted and tested for compressive strength for and 28 days and cured at ambient temperature. Applications/Improvements: This study helps in gaining knowledge about the morphological composition of concrete which might result in path-breaking trends in construction industry.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Can the Global Aluminium Industry Achieve Carbon NeutralitySubodh Das
This invited lecture presented on September 21,2010 at MetalBulletin International Aluminium Confernce in Bahrain discusses aluminium industry\'carbon footprint and suggests a strategy to achieve carbon neutrality
Hii sir good morning to all
this Ppt is prepared for to protect the environment from co2 gasses could you please read it understand
i hope we are all use the green concrete ....
thank you friends
have a nice day
Strength characteristics of flyash concreteTHOTA AKHIL
This research work describes the feasibility of using the thermal industry waste in concrete as partial replacement of cement. The utilization of fly-ash in concrete as partial replacement of cement is gaining immense importance today, mainly on account of the improvement in the long term durability of concrete combined with ecological benefits. The cement has been replaced by fly ash accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, by concrete mix M20.The experiments will be conducted for compressive strength by using C.T.M machine 7 and 28 days of curing
In this construction world, Geopolymer concrete is a special concrete which doesn't
requires the Ordinary Portland Cement and also reduces the emission of carbon-dioxide. The
Geopolymer Concrete is made up of industrial by-products (which contains more Silica and
Alumina) and activated with the help of Alkaline solution (combination of sodium hydroxide &
sodium silicate or potassium hydroxide & potassium silicate). The high viscosity nature of
Geopolymer Concrete had the ability to fail due to lack of compaction. In improvising the
issue, Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete has been introduced. The SCGC doesn't require
any additional compaction it will flow and compacted by its own weight. This concrete is made
up of industrial by-products like Fly ash, GGBFS and Silica Fume and activated with alkaline
solution. The earlier research was mostly on Fly ash based SCGC. In few research works Fly
ash was partially replaced with GGBS and Silica Fume. They evaluated the compressive
strength of concrete with varying molarties of NaOH; curing time and curing temperature. The
flexural behavior of the concrete also examined. The Fly ash based SCGC was got high
compressive strength in heat curing as well as low compressive strength in ambient curing.
The presence of GGBS improves the strength in ambient curing. For aiming the high strength
in ambient curing Fly ash will be completely replace and examine with different mineral
admixtures.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Study on Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete with E-WasteIOSRJMCE
The usage of industrial by-products in construction industry can be reduced the pollution effects on environment. Geopolymer concrete is a concrete in which Portland cement is fully replaced by fly ash and GGBS (Ground granulated blast furnace slag). The present study covers the use of E-Waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate in Geopolymer concrete. Sand is replaced with E-Waste at 10, 20 and 30 percentage.Alkaline liquids used in this study are the solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Molarity of sodium hydroxide (12M) is considered. Fly ash and GGBS were used in the combination of 90 and 10 percent respectively. This study conducted to know the compressive and tensile strengths of Geopolymer concrete with E-waste and to compare the same with Geopolymer concrete. It has been revealed that 20 percentage replacement with E-Waste attained higher strength than the normal Geopolymer concrete of M40 grade
Jeffrey Brown – Summit Power Group – Texas Clean Energy Project: coal feedsto...Global CCS Institute
Jeffrey Brown, Vice-President, Project Finance, Summit Power Group, presented on the Texas Clean Energy Project’s coal feedstock poly-generation plant with CCUS at the Global CCS Institute's Japanese Members' Meeting held in Tokyo on 8 June 2012
Geopolymers are new materials for fire- and heat-resistant coatings and adhesives, medicinal applications, high-temperature ceramics, new binders for fire-resistant fiber composites, toxic and radioactive waste encapsulation and new cements for concrete.
Similar to The Benefits Of Ggbs Cement In Concrete 2011 Engineers & Architects (20)
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
2. Learning Outcomes
The learning outcomes from the p
g presentation are:
Understand what GGBS cement is
Understand the environmental, technical and architectural reasons why
environmental
you would specify GGBS cement
Know how to specify GGBS cement
Know the % of GGBS cement to specify for different results/applications
Understand the impact of specifying different % of GGBS cement
3. History of GGBS
1862: Hydraulic potential of
GGBS discovered in Germany
Early 1900’s - Portland Blast
Furnace Cements had an
established place in the concrete
market
2004: More than 5,000,000
tonnes of GGBS produced in
Germany
2006: Approximately
2,000,000 tonnes of GGBS
produced in UK
2008: Over 400,000 tonnes
available in Ireland
4. About Ecocem Ireland
Long term agreement
with partner companies
for
f supplying hi h
l i high
quality GBS
Can supply the Irish
pp y
market with
over350,000 tonnes
from Dublin
Provide technical back
up to specifiers and
concrete manufactures
5. GGBS Manufacture
Steel Manufacture Water to make GBS
Grind to make GGBS GBS
Store GGBS for
distribution
7. Ecocem Cement in Use
NRA, OPW B d Gái ESB C ill RPA B d N M
NRA OPW, Bord Gáis, ESB, Coillte, RPA, Bord Na Mona, Local Authorities
L lA h ii
Engineers, Architects, Developers, Precast, House builders, Farmers
9. GGBS and the Environment
CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production
Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production
yp
(Figures in kg per tonne of output)
1000
900
800 Other Energy Used
700
Fossil Fuel Use
put
600
kg per Tonne of Outp
Process Emissions
500
400
300
200
100
0
CEM I CEM II/A GGBS (without offsets)
( ith t ff t )
10. GGBS and the Environment
CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production
Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production
yp
(Figures in kg per tonne of output)
1000
900
800 Other Energy Used
700
Fossil Fuel Use
put
600
kg per Tonne of Outp
Process Emissions
500
400
300
200
100
0
CEM I CEM II/A Ecocem GGBS (without
E ( ith t
offsets)
11. GGBS and the Environment
CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production
Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production
yp
(Figures in kg per tonne of output)
1000
900
800 Other Energy Used
700
Fossil Fuel Use
put
600
kg per Tonne of Outp
Process Emissions
500
400
300
200
100
0
CEM I CEM II/A Ecocem GGBS (with
E ( ith
offsets)
12. GGBS and the Environment
Depletion of natural
resources
For every tonne of Portland
cement produced, 1.6 tonnes
of limestone/shale are
removed from the landscape
GGBS production involves no
quarrying of limestone or
clay
13. GGBS and the
Environment
E i
Environmental
l
savings example
What is the impact of
replacing 50% of cement
with GGBS in an average
size shopping centre, using
5,000m
5 000m3 of concrete?
See calculator on:
www.ecocem.ie
15. Reduction in Embodied CO2 through the use of GGBS
3 bed Semi Detached House
Original
Embodied CO2
(38.7 tonnes)
Reduced
Embodied
E b di d CO2
(28.4 tonnes)
Larger embodied CO2 reductions are possible with increased replacement
rates of GGBS
ref: “Embodied CO2 of housing construction in Ireland” - Architecture Ireland – Jan/Feb 2010
16. GGBS and the Environment
Longer service life from GGBS concrete
Time to replacement extended
Specified by NRA on road bridges and structural concrete - 120 year
design life achieved
Reduced demand on natural resources for new concrete
Exposure to chloride attack:
17. Lighter colour - The Albedo Benefit
Solar radiation
is fl t d b
i reflected by This heat cannot
lighter coloured pass out of the
surfaces earth’s
atmosphere
through the
greenhouse gas
layer
Every 100m2 of
Darker coloured
GGBS concrete
surfaces absorb
pavement in
solar radiation
Ireland will offset
and re emit it as
6 tonnes of
heat
CO2/annum
18. Lighter colour - The Heat Island Benefit
Reduce heat island effect
Reduces air conditioning requirement; cost and environmental
benefit – studies have shown reductions of more than 20% in
building cooling costs whose albedo has been increased
(in the US potential saving of $1 billion per year)
Health benefit
19. Lighter colour – Reflectance Benefit
Reduces outdoor lighting requirements by enhancing
night time visibility
Saving money, energy and carbon emissions
Approx. 30% less lighting needed to achieve same
visibility for concrete as it does for asphalt
21. GGBS Chemical Composition
Same constituents as OPC
Different proportions
• Less CaO
• More Si02
• More Al2O3
22. Mix design using GGBS cement
GGBS cement replaces ordinary Portland cement on a
one for one
one-for-one basis
No change in any other element of the mix design:
• sand
• aggregates
• w/c ratio (can be reduced)
• Admixtures
Concrete manufacture
• Batch duration is the same
• Time to transport - may be appropriate to extend it
23. GGBS in Concrete
Engineering benefits start at 30%
Usage varies from 30 up to 85%
Most often specified at 50%
• Treated same as Portland cement concrete
No adjustment striking times
Placing, compacting and powerfloating
Concrete admixtures compatible.
24. Working with GGBS Concrete
Placing, compacting and pumping
eas e
easier:
• lower relative density
• smaller particle sizes
Powerfloating as normal
Setting times longer by 0.5 – 2 hrs
g g y
Slower rate of bleeding
Water demand 3% to 5% lower
W t d d t l
Compatible with admixtures
27. Strength – temperature effects
1.1 metres in depth
Foundation Slab: C40/50 @ 70% GGBS
50
45
40
Strength N/mm2
35
30
25
h
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4
Day Age
Standard TMC
28. Strength – long term development
95
85
75
65 42.5 & 50%
GGBS
N/mm2
55
45
42.5
35
25
15
0 50 100 150 200
Days
29. Strength – long term development
C30/37 concrete, Greystones Marina
50% GGBS: 50% CEM II
45
Core Strength vs time
40
ength Mpa
35
Stre
30
25
1 month 6 Months 12 months 18 Months
30. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides
Chloride Penetration
Lower chloride ion diffusivity
L hl id i diff i it
Lower porosity/permeability
Applications: roads and bridges, car parks, sea defences,
marine structures.
31. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides
Effect of GGBS on chloride diffusion in concrete
16
CEM II/A-L 320 kg/m3
14
CEM II/A-V 320 kg/m3
icient 10-12 m2/s
/
12
CEM II/A-L 400 kg/m3
10 CEM II/A-V 400 kg/m3
8
iffusion coeffi
6
4
Di
2
0
0% GGBS 50% GGBS 70% GGBS
34. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
Sulphate Resistance
Sulphates react with C3A and Ca(OH)2 to form
ettringite
Sulphate Resisting cement (SRPC) has reduced
C3A, but no reduced Ca(OH)2, and no reduced
porosity
SRPC cannot be used in marine environments
GGBS much lower price than SRPC
Note: In BS8500 the only
option recommended as
suitable for the most severe
sulphate exposure (Class DC-
l h (Cl C
4m) is concrete containing at
least 66% GGBS
Use of Sulphate resistant
cement is not permitted
35. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
Aggressors:
Sulphates
S l h t
Sodium Sulphate Na2SO4
Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4
Acids
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4
36. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
0.5
0.45 Masters
0.4
Study in
UCD, Dublin
0.35
sion
0.3
% Expans
CEM I
0.25 CEMII
SRPC
0.2 CEM I + 70% GGBS
CEM II + 50% GGBS
0.15 CEM II + 70% GGBS
0.1
01
0.05
0
Days Exposure
43. Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking
temperature differential – 2.5 metre deep slab
Basement slab with 70% GGBS
70.0 Top
Core
Bottom
60.0
Differential Top to Core
Differential B tt
Diff ti l Bottom to Core
t C
50.0
40.0
emperature (oC)
30.0
Te
20.0
10.0
0.0
0 21 28 33 46 58 70 77 92 99 118 139 164 189 234
Time after placing (hours)
44. Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking
Convention Centre, Dublin - basement
46. Architectural Qualities and Appearance
GGBS cement, and OPC GGBS is an off-white powder
Lighter, more even-coloured
concrete
Smoother, more defect-free
,
surface
Suppresses/Eliminates
efflorescence
Lower pigment requirements –
20% saving
GGBS can b used as partial
be d ti l
replacement for white cement,
up to 70%
55. Architectural Qualities and Appearance
2009 ICS Design and
ICS,
Construction Awards
Cable Stay Bridge, Waterford – 50% GGBS
56. Architectural Qualities and Appearance
Image courtesy of RPS
Mizen Head Bridge – 50% GGBS
- replacing first RC bridge constructed in Ireland in 1909
58. Carbon Neutral Concrete
The world’s first Carbon Neutral Building Material
launched in 2007 in partnership with the biggest
names i the Irish Construction Industry:
in th I i h C t ti I d t
Treasury Holdings
Pierse
Durkan Group
McNamara
JJ Rhatigan
Details on all prestigious projects can be found on
www.carbonneutralconcrete.ie
www carbonneutralconcrete ie
59. How to specify GGBS
COARSE & FINE AGGREGATES Coarse and fine aggregates shall comply with I.S. EN 12620.
CHLORIDE CONTENT The total chloride content of the concrete mix for reinforced concrete
shall not exceed 0.4% expressed as a percentage of chloride ion by weight of cement.
CEMENT Normal Portland cement (CEM I, CEM II/A) shall comply with the requirements of IS
EN 197 1 The cement shall be delivered to site in standard bags or in bulk containers and shall
197-1.
be stored under dry conditions.
CEMENT ADDITIONS Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) is permitted in I.S. EN
206-1 to be used as a Type II addition to CEM I or CEM II/A cements in concrete. Where GGBS
is added it replaces the CEM I or CEM II/A cement on a one-for-one basis; the total
cementitous material content of the concrete mix does not change, and the GGBS counts fully
towards the total cement content and water/cement ratio in concrete. GGBS shall comply I.S.
EN 15167-1 and be ground to a blaine of > 4000 cm2/g.
A cement combination comprising 50% GGBS and 50% CEM I or
CEM II/A is to be used in all concrete throughout the Project,
unless otherwise specified on the drawings or by the Engineer.
60. Multiple Benefits
Best durability (longer life)
• Factor of safety
• Reduce lifetime maintenance cost
Best sustainable material
• Reduces CO2 emissions
• Demonstrates commitment to a sustainable agenda
• Positive
P iti CSR
Best Architectural
• Whiter,
Whiter brighter concrete
Best value for money
61. Thank You
Thank you for your attention
y y
Should you have any questions in the future:
y yq
David O’Flynn; 087 965 4891
doflynn@ecocem.ie
d fl i
