The document provides information about the differences between physical properties of metals and non-metals through a table. It also lists questions and answers about various metals and non-metals. Some key points covered include: metals have lustre and are good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals generally lack lustre and are poor conductors. Metals exist mainly as solids, while some non-metals can be liquids or gases. Chemical properties discussed include metals forming basic oxides and reacting with acids to produce hydrogen gas.

1. CLASS 10
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS

2. 1.Tabulate difference between of metal and non-metal based on
physical properties
Ans: Property Metals Non-Metals
1.Lustre Metal have shining
surface
They do not have
shining surface
• Except iodine
2.Hardness They are generally hard.
• Except sodium,
Lithium and potassium
which are soft and can be
easily cut with knife
Generally soft
• Except Diamond, a
form of carbon which is
the hardest natural
substance
3.State Exits as sollids
• Except Mercury
Exist as solids or gases
• Except Bromine
4.Malleabillity Metal can be beaten into
thin sheet
• Gold, silver and
aluminium are the most
malleable metals.
Non metals are non-
malleable.

3. ANS:
5.Ductility Metals can be drawn into
thin wires.
They are non-ductile.
6.Condutor of
heat & electricity
Metals are good conductor
of heat and electricity
Non-metals are poor
conductor of heat and
electricity.
• Except Graphite
7. Density and
melting point
Generally have high
density and high melting
point
• Except sodium and
potassium
They are less density
and low melting
points
8. Sonorous Metals produce a sound on
striking a hard surface.
They are not
sonorous.
9.Oxides Metallic oxides are basic in
nature.
Non-metallic oxides
are acidic in nature.

4. 2.Name one metal and non-metal which exists in liquid state at
room temperature?
Ans.
Metal-Mercury, Non-Metal-bromine.
3.Name the metal which has very low melting point and can
melt with heat of your palm?
Ans.
Gallium
4.Name a non-metal which is lustrous and a metal which is non-
lustrous.
Ans.
Non-metal(lustrous) = Iodine (I)
Metal (non-lustrous) = Sodium (Na)

5. 5.Name two metals that are soft and can be cut be with a knife.
Ans.Sodium and potasium
6.Give an example of a metal which is the best conductor of
heat.
Ans.Sliver or copper
7.Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a
metal?
Ans.Hydrogen gas
8.Name the metal which reacts with a very dilute HNO3 to
evolve hydrogen gas.
Ans.Manganese or Magnesium

6. 9.Write one example of each of the following:
i) Most malleable metal and most ductile metal.
ii) The best conductor of heat and the poorest conductor of heat.
iii) A metal with highest melting point and a metal with lowest
melting point.
Ans.
i) Gold and sliver are most malleable metal and most ductile
metal.
ii) Silver is the best conductor of heat and lead is the poorest
conductor of heat.
iii) Metal with highest melting point: Tungsten, iron. Metal with
lowest melting point: Gallium cesium

7. 10.Write balanced equations for the reaction of:
i) Aluminium when heated in air. Write the name of the
product.
ii) Iron with steam. Name the product obtained.
iii) Calcium with water. Why does calcium Start floating in
water?
Ans.
i) 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3, Aluminium oxide
ii)3Fe +4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2, Ferric oxide
iii) Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2, because hydrogen
sticks to calcium.

8. 11.Write the balanced chemical equation for the following
reactions:
i) When copper is heated in air
ii) When aluminium is heated in air
iii) Aluminium oxide reacts with sodium hydroxide.
Ans.
i) 2Cu + O2 2Cuo
ii) 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3
iii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 +H2O
Note- metal + oxygen --------------metallic oxide

9. 12.a)List in tabular form any three chemical properties on the
basis of which metals and non-metals are differentiated.
b) State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Ans.
a)
S.no Metals Non-metals
1. Lose electrons to form
positive ions/ are
electropositive in
nature.
Gain electrons to form
negative ions/ are
electronegative in
nature
2. React with dilute acids
to liberate hydrogen
gas.
Do not react with dilute
acids.
3. Generally metal oxides
are basic in nature.
Generally non metal
oxides are acidic in
nature.

10. b) i) Painting
ii) Oiling
iii) Galvanization
iv) Alloying
13.What are ionic compounds and list out the physical properties of
ions compounds
Ans.
Ionic Compounds
The compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a
non-metal are called ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds.
Properties of ionic compounds
i) Physical nature: They are solid and hard, generally brittle
ii) Melting and boiling point: They have high melting and boiling
point.
iii) Solubility: Generally soluble in water and insoluble in solvents
such as kerosene, petrol etc.
iv) Conduction of electricity: Ionic compounds conduct electricity in
molten and solution form but not in solid state.

11. Occurrence of metals
 Minerals: The elements or compounds which occur naturally
in the earth’s crust are called minerals
 Ores: Minerals that contain very high percentage of particular
metal and the metal can be profitably extracted from it, such
minerals are called ores.
14.i) Explain the formation of ionic compound CaO with
electron dot structure.Atomic number of Calcium and oxygen
are 20 and 8 respectively.
ii) Name the constituent metals of bronze.
Ans

12. 15.Give reasons for the following:
i) Ionic compounds have high melting point and boiling point.
ii) Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state.
iii) Ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and are
somewhat hard.
Ans.
i) A large amount of energy is required to break the strong
inter-ionic attraction.
ii) When ionic compounds is present in molten state, crystal
structure deforms and they can easily condu8ct electricity
with the mobile ions.
iii) Due to the strong force of attraction between the positive and
negative ions.

13. 16.Write the name and symbols of two most reactive metals.
Explain by drawing electronic structure how any one of the
two metals react with a halogen. State any four physical
properties of the compounds formed.
Ans.
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
They are good conductors of electricity.
They are generally soluble in water and insoluble in organic
solvents.
They are solid, hard and brittle.

14. 17.i) Write the electron-dot structures for sodium(11) oxygen
(8), chlorine(17) and magnesium(12) show the formation of
Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(ii) Name the ions present in these compound.
Ans.

15. 18.Define the term Malleability
The ability of a metal due to which it can be beaten into large
thin sheets is called malleability.
19.Define the term Ductility
It is the ability of metal due to which it can be drawn into thin
and long wires. Copper, aluminium and iron can be drawn into
wires. Silver, gold and platinum are highly ductile metals.
20.Define terms of amphoteric oxide.
Amphoteric oxide: The oxides which are both acidic and basic in
nature and react both with acids and bases to form salt and
water are called as Amphoteric oxide. Example ZnO, Al2O3
etc.

16. 21.In the formation of a compound XY2, atom X denotes one electron
to each Y atom. Show the electron dote structure of X and y and the
formation of XY2. what is the nature of bond in XY2?Write any
three properties of XY2. The electronic configurations of three
elements X and Y are as follows:
X- 2,8,2 Y- 2,7
Ans.
i) Crystalline solids.
ii) High melting and boiling point.
iii) Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents.
iv) Conductor of electricity.

17. 17a) Explain why metals usually do not liberate hydrogen gas
with dilute nitric acid.
(b) Name two metals which can however, liberate hydrogen
gas from very dilute
metals do not liberate hydrogen gas with nitric acid
because nitric acid is string oxidizing agent so, as soon as
hydrogen gas is formed in the reaction between a metal and
dilute nitric acid, the nitric acid oxidise this hydrogen to
water.
(b) Magnesium and Manganese are the two metals which
liberate hydrogen gas from very dilute nitric acid.

18. 18.Why is Sodium Kept Immersed in Kerosene Oil?
Sodium is the metal stored in kerosene oil( ANTI OXIDANT) in
order to prevent it from coming in contact with oxygen and
moisture.
 Explanation
Sodium is a highly reactive metal and reacts vigorously with the
oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture present in the air such
that it may even cause a fire. To prevent this explosive
reaction, Sodium is kept immersed in kerosene because
Sodium doesn’t react with kerosene.