The Art of Paper Presentation.pptx
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This document provides guidance on writing research papers for beginners. It defines what constitutes research and the typical research process. This includes choosing a problem, reviewing literature, stating research questions, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings. The document also outlines how to organize a research paper with sections like abstract, introduction, methodology, analysis, conclusion and references. It provides tips for writing each section and emphasizes being clear, concise, unbiased, and acknowledging sources to avoid plagiarism. Finally, it discusses how to identify appropriate journals and follow their guidelines to publish research papers.
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- 1. The Art of Paper Presentation (For Beginners) Prepared by: Dr. Merlin Depsy Nithiya, N, M.A., M.Phil with NET, PH.D Assistant Professor of English HOLY CROSS COLLEGE ( AUTONOMOUS) Tiruchirapalli HOLY CROSS COLLEGE ( AUTONOMOUS) AFFILIATED TO BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY NATIONALLY ACCREDITED ( 4TH CYCLE) WITH “A++” GRADE (CGPA 3.75/4) BY NAAC COLLEGE WITH POTENTIAL FOR EXCELLENCE TIRUCHIRAPALLI-620 002.
- 2. Learning Objectives At the end of this session, the students will be able to: • Understand the need for writing research papers • Apply global research style in writing • Outline a good research paper for publication
- 3. The Most Common Question!
- 4. The Most Common Question! What is a Research? A systematic investigation, involving the collection of information (data), to solve a problem or contribute to knowledge about theory or practice. The word research is derived from the Middle French "recherche", which means "to go about seeking"
- 5. The Process of Research While doing a research focus on the following: Choose a problem Review the literature Evaluate the literature Be aware of all ethical issues and all cultural issues State the research question or hypothesis Select the research approach
- 6. Determine how the variables are going to be measured Select a data collection method Collect and code the data Analyze and interpret the data Write the report Disseminate the report The Process of Research
- 8. What is a Research Paper? Academic Paper which is published in journals and contains original research results or reviews existing results or show a totally new invention.
- 9. What is a Research Paper?
- 10. Why Should YOU write one? Confers academic status A sense of fulfillment An urge to share and disseminate knowledge A means of helping fellow researchers A requirement for promotion A source of income For Ph.D. completion you need to submit minimum two published papers.
- 11. The Art of Writing Discovering, Narrowing, and Focusing a Researchable Topic Finding, Selecting, and Reading Sources Grouping, Sequencing, and Documenting Information Writing an Outline Writing the Introduction Writing the Body Writing the Conclusion Revising the Final Draft
- 12. How to Organize the paper? 1. Abstract: Main research questions and content (50-100 words) 2. Introduction: Statement of the problem Relevance of research – context Delimitation Aims/Scope/Hypothesis/Definition of terms
- 13. How to Organize the paper? 3. Theoretical framework 4. Arguments that offer evidence to your conclusion 5. Justification (Methods/Materials) 6. Analysis/Interpretation (Results & discussion) 7. Conclusion 8. References
- 14. Source Materials Periodicals Newspapers, magazines, and journals Computerized databases Interviews Surveys Audiovisual Sources Government Documents Pamphlets
- 15. Global Research Style Never use long sentences Split and connect Split and disconnect Use a list Use suitable and familiar words Avoid redundancy Example: Past history, revert back, free gift, etc.
- 16. Global Research Style Avoid being bias Use gender neutral terms Example: • Chairman - Chair or Chairperson • Postman or Mailman -Post or mail worker • Stewardess -Flight attendant • Actress -Actor • Policeman - Police or law-enforcement officer
- 17. NUANCES OF WRITING THE PAPER
- 18. Abstract Strict adherence to guidelines No reference to any part of the article No abbreviations Add keywords below the abstract (3-4)
- 19. Writing Introduction Sets the tone for the entire essay Guides the audience smoothly into the subject Introductory Strategies Background information Questions Quotations State the thesis statement
- 20. 8 July 2022
- 21. Writing Main Body Use technical terms Repeat but don’t over repeat! Include relevant pictures, tables, e-mail conversations, etc. Stay focused with the main idea Use quotations, but don’t overuse
- 22. Use cue words to signal shifts in thought
- 23. Writing Conclusions Do not end abruptly Use sentences that signal the conclusion Have a logical closure Mention other related areas of research Future scope in the researched area
- 24. A Checklist for Style BE READER FRIENDLY Use simple, plain language – not flowery, difficult or demanding Be clear – don’t confuse; don’t be obscure Avoid emotional overtones – be factual Avoid sweeping statements Don’t over quote Supplement text with visuals Avoid jargon
- 25. The cardinal sin of a researcher is PLAGIARISM! Always acknowledge your sources.
- 26. How to Publish in Journals? Identify your area of interest Update yourself with the ongoing technical happenings in your chosen field Check both print and online journals in the chosen area Attend conferences and workshops to learn more ideas Follow the guidelines given by the journal
- 27. Hands on Exercise Draft a Sample Design Document (Research Design) for the following research title: Pronouncing Shakespearean Names Viola Beatrice Othello Desdemona, Lady Macbeth Iago Prospero Portia Romeo Claudius
Editor's Notes
- Welcome dear students to this session on “The Art of Paper Presentation”. I know that everyone of you would love to see your research work being published. In order to achieve it, first you have to learn the nuances in writing a research paper
- I’m sure, at the end of this session you will be able to write a good research paper and send it for publication. This session would focus on writing academic papers that can be published in books, journals, and in web.
- To begin, my first question to you is What is a Research?
- Research in layman terms is a process in which one learns more and more about less and less. It is technically defined as a systematic investigation, involving the collection of information (data), to solve a problem or contribute to knowledge about theory or practice. The word research actually means “to go about seeking”. Knowing this, let us move on to the different stages of research.
- While doing a research focus on the following: Choose a problem Review the literature Evaluate the literature Be aware of all ethical issues and all cultural issues State the research question or hypothesis Select the research approach Determine how the variables are going to be measured Select a sample Select a data collection method Collect and code the data Analyze and interpret the data Write the report Disseminate the repor
- Most research projects share the same general structure. You might think of this structure as following the shape of an hourglass. The research process usually starts with a broad area of interest, the initial problem that the researcher wishes to study. For instance, the researcher could be interested in how to use computers to improve the performance of students in mathematics. But this initial interest is far too broad to study in any single research project (it might not even be addressable in a lifetime of research). The researcher has to narrow the question down to one that can reasonably be studied in a research project. This might involve formulating a hypothesis or a focus question. For instance, the researcher might hypothesize that a particular method of computer instruction in maths will improve the ability of elementary school students in a specific district. At the narrowest point of the research hourglass, the researcher is engaged in direct measurement or observation of the question of interest.
- To define a research or an academic paper is one that is published in journals and contains original research results or reviews existing results or show a totally new invention.
- Displayed on screen is the structure of an academic paper. You can see, the title. Author and author’s affiliation, abstract, the main text and reference list. Any research paper must follow this basic format.
- The reasons why one should script a research paper are it Confers academic status, it gives a sense of fulfillment, an urge to share and disseminate knowledge because our finding will be helpful for others and vice versa. It is a means of helping fellow researchers and at times serves as a requirement for promotion and even as source of income. In the current scenario, well written academic papers give one good reputation in the academic arena. It has to be noted that for Ph.D. completion you need to submit minimum two published papers.
- Before you begin to write always be sure of the following: Discovering, Narrowing, and Focusing a Researchable Topic Finding, Selecting, and Reading Sources Grouping, Sequencing, and Documenting Information. All of this, will sure make your process of writing much easier and it will pave way for you to really enjoy the process of writing. In order to avoid unnecessary discrepancies while writing always have a well planned Outline, Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. You should never hesitate to revise the Final Draft.
- Moving on to the tips on Organizing the paper. Abstract- Though it has to be written towards the end, the abstract plays a crucial role in showcasing the paper in the academic arena. It contains the main research questions and the content of the abstract is usually within (50-100 words) and at times vary depending upon the publisher and their requirements. Following this is the introduction and it will focus on the Statement of the problem, the Relevance of research, the Delimitations invloved and the scope or Hypothesis
- Theoretical framework is the most important aspect of your research paper. IT will have the arguments that offer evidence to your conclusion, followed by Justification, Analysis or Interpretation (Results & discussion) and then the Conclusion. Work=cited or References portray the time and energy invested in your research. Formulate a thesis statement that sums up your principal idea and appears near the beginning of your paper. Organize your ideas and develop an outline. Your argument should be developed in logical steps. An argument must contain an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. As you write your paper in several drafts, you will find that the arrangement of your ideas, the focus of your thesis, and the emphasis of your conclusion may change as a result of what you discover. Be flexible. Always support your arguments with evidence (e.g. quotations, references). When quoting from the text, comment on the quotations and do not pile up quotations. Avoid the mistake of thinking the text speaks for itself. •
- Let us now, learn the different means through which you can collect your secondary resources. They are Periodicals, it includes Newspapers, magazines, and journals. Computerized databases – they are available at all university and colleges, Interviews, Surveys, Audiovisual Sources, Government Documents, and Pamphlets. All of them are sure to enhance you research paper. Use secondary material only in support of your arguments. Do not allow it to overshadow your own ideas. If not, use direct quote when you want to state an important idea in a memorable way.
- While writing you must be careful on the style you follow. It is generally advisable to follow the below mentioned strategies. Never use long sentences; either Split and connect or Split and disconnect. When preferred, Use a list and always Use only suitable and familiar words. Never appreciate flowery language just to impress. Most importantly avoid redundancy. It information that is expressed more than once. A few examples are Past history, revert back, free gift. You may note that all theses words are simply repetitive and makes no sense when used together. Now, could be please think about other examples of redundant words that we use in our daily converstions?
- Make sure to use sex neutral terms because they will help you to avoid being bias. A few examples are displayed for you .
- Now, we move on to the Nuances of Writing the Paper.
- While drafting the abstract, focus on the following: Strict adherence to guidelines No reference to any part of the article No abbreviations. It will be of great help to your fellow researchers, if you Add keywords below the abstract. It can be 2 to 3 words.
- The Introduction Sets the tone for the entire essay. IT guides the audience smoothly into the subject. A few of the Introductory Strategies are giving Background information, starting with Questions or quotations and then stating the thesis statement.
- The verbs shown on screen will help you while you write your research or thesis. Try and make use of such verbs to avoid monotonous tone of using the same old words. These words re sure to add newness and aptness to your style and tone of writing.
- Use technical terms While you write the main content focus on the following: Repeat but don’t over repeat! Include relevant pictures, tables, e-mail conversations, etc. Stay focused with the main idea Use quotations, but don’t overuse Avoid redundancy Use Sex neutral terms Avoid first person narrative When all of them are taken care, its no doubt you r work will remain to be the best.
- Use cue words to signal shifts in thought. A few of them are
- Before you conclude yor reseach paper be sure of when to conclude. Do not end abruptly Use sentences that signal the conclusion Have a logical closure Mention other related areas of research and the Future scope in the researched area. For all them are sure to be helpful for your fellow researchers.
- Consider this checklist before you fcomplet your writing. Let this be adhered strictly. BE READER FRIENDLY Use simple, plain language – not flowery, difficult or demanding Be clear – don’t confuse; don’t be obscure Avoid emotional overtones – be factual Avoid sweeping statements Don’t over quote Supplement text with visuals Avoid jargons
- Students, you have to know that The cardinal sin of a researcher is PLAGIARISM! Hence, Always acknowledge your sources. Because plagiarism will spoil your credibility.
- To get your work Published in Journals, first Identify your area of interest Update yourself with the ongoing technical happenings in your chosen field Check both print and online journals in the chosen area Attend conferences and workshops to learn more ideas Follow the guidelines given by the journal
- Now, having learnt the nuances in the art of writing, I invite you to Draft a Sample Design Document (Research Design) for the title - Pronouncing Shakespearean Names. Com’mon students, please think on the difficulties in pronouncing the Shakespearian names such as Viola Beatrice, Othello, and many more. How would you work on this research problem? Prepare your research plan. It’s time to wake up the researcher in you!
- I hope this session would have been useful for you. Thank you for joining me. Happy research.