its the report writing ppt for brm

1. Report Writing

2.  Report writing is a major component of research study
 A proper report is needed to create a better understanding
 The research report is the systematic, articulated and orderly presentation
of research work in written form
 Even the well defined hypothesis, research design, findings and
interpretation of the results can get wasted if it is not presented to users in
an effective and meaningful manner
 The purpose of research is futile if the outcomes are not shared

3.  Report is an important document as it enhances the knowledge in the existing
literature and provides insights for future researches
 Writing a report requires effective communication and writing skills i.e. use of right
words and terminologies which are understood by users, command over language,
logical sequencing of content , formatting
 It demands considerable time and efforts

4. Significance of Report Writing
 Task of research is incomplete till the report has been written and presented.
 The best research remains of little use and value till the time it is effectively
communicated.
 The purpose of research is not well served till the findings are shared with others.

5. Important criteria
 An effective report should be uniform, consistent and properly defined
 Simple language, words and terminology should be used, avoiding abstract
terminology and technical jargons
 The layout should be properly designed and in synchronization with the objectives
of the research problem
 Report should be free from grammatical errors

6. Business report
 Clarity
 Brevity
 Simple
 Appropriate terminology
 Executive summary – focussing on problem and suggested actions

7. Academic report
 Succinct – brief and clear style of writing
 Appropriate terminology – research methodology will not be everyday language
 Critical analysis approach
 Special attention to academic referencing and avoid plagiarism

8. Elements of academic report
 Abstract – engage reader
 Introduction – Immediately grab reader’s attention, often by a dramatic/emphatic
statement of the problem or situation to be researched
 Background – starts with a broad picture and then gradually refines it to the narrow
focus of the research
 Literature Review
 Research Objectives
 Research Methodology – justification for each point
 Findings – Data is presented in such a manner which supports interpretations and
justifies the study findings. Charts, tables should be used to increase authenticity of
findings.

9.  Discussion and analysis – Synthesise the information from LR and findings of the
research. Emphasise the most important points of findings. Writing should be clear
and intense. Each sentence should add value.
 Conclusion – It is not the repetition of discussion and analysis but should focus on
fining the solutions to objectives – theoretical and practical aspect.
 Recommendations – May be detailed and practical in nature focussing on
implementation. Or simply urge further research in that area which was left
uncovered in current research
 Appendix – To add information to main text and to maintain complete record of
relevant information.
 Bibliography

10. Steps in Report writing
 Logical and sequential analysis of the topic
 Preparation of the framework of the Report
 Prepare rough draft
 Rewrite and improve the rough draft
 Preparation of final bibliography
 Writing the final draft

11. Layout of report
1. Preliminary section
2. Main text
3. Endnotes

12. Preliminary section
 Title and cover page
 Declaration by candidate and supervisor
 Certificate from organization / Institute
 Acknowledgments
 Table of contents
 List of figures/tables/abbreviations/appendices
 Executive summary

13. Main report
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Review of Literature
 Research Methodology
 Data Analysis and Findings
 Conclusion
 Recommendations

14. Endnotes section
 References and Bibliography
 Annexure / Appendix

15. Citations
 Citation are the list of sources published or unpublished used by researcher.
 It means the credit is given to other researchers or writers for their piece of work used in the
study.
 Citation shows from where the researcher obtained the material, provides a means of
evaluating the study and allows getting additional facts and information about research
problem.
 Citing other researchers’ ideas, theories, concepts or findings also indicate that the researcher
has done a thorough review of literature under the study.
 The citation format generally includes – Name of author(s), Year of publication, Title of report or
article, Journal name, volume no., issue no., page nos., doi (digital object identifier / URL
 Popular citation styles are APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language
Association of America), Chicago Style, CSE Style (Council of Science Editors).

16. JEL Classification
 JEL code was developed over 100 years ago as a method of classifying literature
specifically in the field of economics.
 The JEL classification system was developed for use in the Journal of Economic
Literature (JEL).
 This system is used to classify articles, dissertations, books and working papers in
economic literature.
 JEL codes are used till three – character codes ‘letter’ ‘number (1 -9)’ ‘number (0-9)’
 Eg. JEL : J13, J1 Demographic economics, J13 is for Fertility, Family planning, Child
care……………..

18. Ethics in Research