Unit 1 locke
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John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who wrote influential works on political philosophy and theories of government. He believed that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed, that people have natural rights like life, liberty and property, and that governments are bound by civil and natural law to protect those rights. If governments fail to protect rights or abuse their power, people have a right to revolt and change the government. Many of Locke's ideas about natural rights, limited government, and consent of the governed influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution.
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Unit 1 hobbes
This document provides a biography of Thomas Hobbes and discusses his political philosophy. Hobbes believed that in a state of nature, humans were selfish and would do anything to better their own position, making them distrustful of one another. He also thought nations acted selfishly in a constant battle for power and wealth. According to Hobbes, governments were created to protect people from their own evil impulses and selfishness. He advocated for absolute monarchy as the best form of government, with a powerful ruler providing direction.
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1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was an 18th century French philosopher who published works on political theory and advocated for equal and unalienable rights.
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3. Rousseau's theories emphasized that legitimate government is formed by consent of the people and that individuals have basic rights that cannot be taken away.
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1. Baron de Montesquieu was a French philosopher and judge born in 1689 who studied law and science. He published his most famous work "On the Spirit of Laws" in 1748, which outlined his political theories.
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http://www.tomrichey.net
This PowerPoint presentation was made to accompany a lecture on Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in both European History and American Government courses. Hobbes' Leviathan and Locke's Two Treatises of Government are both discussed. Hobbes and Locke are compared and contrasted with a graphic organizer at the end of the presentation.
Visit my YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/tomforamerica) to see the lecture that goes with these slides!
John Locke
John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632. He was educated at Westminster School and Oxford, where he studied medicine. Locke became personal physician to Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury, in 1667. Locke published several influential works, including An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which outlined his empiricist theory of knowledge, and Two Treatises of Government, which influenced political thought. Locke argued that governments should protect natural rights and respect religious toleration. He spent his later years in Essex, dying in 1704.
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This document provides a biography of Thomas Hobbes and discusses his political philosophy. Hobbes believed that in a state of nature, humans were selfish and would do anything to better their own position, making them distrustful of one another. He also thought nations acted selfishly in a constant battle for power and wealth. According to Hobbes, governments were created to protect people from their own evil impulses and selfishness. He advocated for absolute monarchy as the best form of government, with a powerful ruler providing direction.
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1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was an 18th century French philosopher who published works on political theory and advocated for equal and unalienable rights.
2. According to Rousseau, a just society is formed by a social contract where free and equal individuals come together to form a general will that determines the laws and represents the moral authority.
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2. In his work, Montesquieu believed that all things, including governments, operated according to immutable laws. He identified three types of governments - monarchies, republics, and despotisms.
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http://www.tomrichey.net
This PowerPoint presentation was made to accompany a lecture on Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in both European History and American Government courses. Hobbes' Leviathan and Locke's Two Treatises of Government are both discussed. Hobbes and Locke are compared and contrasted with a graphic organizer at the end of the presentation.
Visit my YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/tomforamerica) to see the lecture that goes with these slides!
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This document provides background information on John Locke and discusses some of the major themes in his writings. It covers Locke's personal background and education in England. It also discusses some of Locke's key influences, including Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, and Rene Descartes. The document then summarizes some of Locke's major writings and philosophical ideas, including his views on natural rights, consent of the governed, protection of property, criticisms of absolute monarchy, and his concept of the state of nature.
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john Locke PLT slides
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Hobbes aimed to understand how social order is possible given human nature. He viewed humans as being in a state of nature characterized by a war of "all against all" due to humans' natural competitive desires and insecurities. Without a sovereign power to enforce rules, life would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." To escape this state of nature and achieve peace, Hobbes argued people consent to a social contract establishing an absolute sovereign with a monopoly on power. In his influential work Leviathan, Hobbes laid out this social contract theory and argued for strong central government to maintain order and avoid civil war.
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The document discusses the differing views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on government. Thomas Hobbes believed that people were inherently evil and needed to be ruled by an all-powerful government, while John Locke believed that people had natural rights and that the purpose of government was to protect those rights through an agreement between the people and the government. Students are asked to discuss which view they agree with more based on the type of government they designed in a previous class. The document also provides questions about philosophers and ideas from the Enlightenment era.
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Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher born in 1588 who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. He wrote Leviathan in 1651, which argued that people consent to a social contract and strong sovereign authority to escape the dangers of the state of nature. Hobbes studied various subjects including optics, geometry, and translated classical works, and developed a mechanistic understanding of perception and matter in motion. He believed the natural sciences could provide reliable knowledge and sought to apply a scientific approach to politics and human nature.
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The document discusses Thomas Hobbes' social contract theory and ideas presented in his book Leviathan. According to Hobbes, in the state of nature human life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" due to constant war between individuals driven by their natural desires and aversion to death. To escape this state, individuals voluntarily agree to a social contract establishing an absolute sovereign, represented as Leviathan, to enforce laws and order. Hobbes argues this sovereign authority is necessary to maintain peace and stability in society.
Thomas hobbes
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Locke, John
John Locke (1632-1704) was an English philosopher and physician. He grew up in Somerset, England and was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Locke made contributions to political philosophy, epistemology, and science. His most influential works included An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which examined how the mind works and gains knowledge, and Two Treatises of Government, which helped lay the foundation for modern democratic principles and constitutional government. Locke advocated for religious tolerance and limited government.
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Liberal political theory holds that individuals consent to form societies and governments through social contracts for protection of natural rights like life, liberty, and property. According to social contract theory, governments derive legitimacy from the consent of the governed and must be limited to prevent abuse of power. Liberals support constitutionalism to constrain arbitrary rule through division of powers and protection of civil and political rights, and advocate for liberal democracy that incorporates competitive elections, respect for individual and minority rights, and limits on government through law.
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John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who had a significant influence on politics and government. He grew up during the English Civil Wars and was educated at Westminster School and Oxford University. Locke developed ideas about natural rights and the social contract theory of government, believing that people consent to governments in order to protect their rights to life, liberty, and property. He wrote influential works like Two Treatises of Government that the American founders drew from to develop democratic principles like the right to revolution. Locke's ideas about consent of the governed and inalienable rights continue to influence modern politics and debates over civil liberties.
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John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who had a significant influence on American political philosophy. He grew up in England and attended Westminster School in London, where he became an academic scholar. Locke believed in the social contract and that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, which influenced the writing of the US Constitution. He also contributed to the English Bill of Rights and wrote the Two Treatises of Government. Locke's ideas about representative government and empiricism still have ongoing influence in American politics today.
RESPOND to each post150 words EACHPOST ONEAs a result of havin.docx
RESPOND to each post150 words EACH
POST ONE
As a result of having a different perspective than Thomas Hobbes and the state of nature, John Locke also views the need for enacting a social contract differently. Locke did not see humans as warring in a state of nature as Hobbes had. Instead, Locke's state of nature could be explained as a perfect place where people had the freedom to choose their own paths in life so long as it did not infringe upon others.
Locke viewed people as being kind toward one another as a result of the Law of Nature, which was a result of virtues from God. Under the Law of Nature, people were equal and would be treated as such because of their morals stemming from their belief in God. By the same token, Locke acknowledged that having liberty in the state of nature was not synonymous with a "license" to do what we pleased, as, "no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions…"(Locke, section 6). Only when a man has done something wrong can another man have power over him in the state of nature and this power cannot be used excessively, and only using calm reason and conscience (Locke, section 8)
Locke also understood the need for private property for men. Private property was the combining of a person using his (her) own labor along with the natural resources in nature to produce something. When a person used their abilities to produce something, they should have the right to that final product. However, a person could not claim more than what should be considered their own "fair share." In other words, owning excessive private property would now breach the Law of Nature. Because of the desire for private property and the want to maintain it, men would give up the freedom of the state of nature, relying upon a government for protection.
To me, Locke's state of nature is more in line with my own thinking. People are not naturally evil and warring, but instead more virtuous, whether stemming from beliefs in God, their own upbringing, or just naturally moral. As a result, the only need for people to enter into a social contract is to settle disputes and not for self preservation as Hobbes suggested.
Although I accept (interpret?) the notions of a state of nature from both Locke and Hobbes as theoretical, Locke's description seems closer to what I understand as reality. His description of the importance of property is not only unique from Hobbes', but also makes sense. People "like their things" and do not want them taken away. This seems very natural in society today. Locke's views were instrumental not only in our "re-establishment" of the state of nature when the American colonists declared their independence, but was also instrumental in the writing of the Bill of Rights.
POST TWO
Locke view of the state of nature is that mankind is "a state of perfect and complete liberty to conduct one's life as one best sees fit, free from the interference of others (iep.utm.edu)." In other words people ar.
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS OF POLITICAL POWER / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COM
Two Treatises of Government, he defended the claim that men are by nature free and equal against claims
that God had made all people naturally subject to a monarch. He argued that people have rights, such as the
right to life, liberty, and property
Why government 1
This document provides an overview of a lesson plan from iCivics on the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke regarding government. It introduces key concepts from each philosopher, such as Hobbes viewing humans as selfish and life without government resulting in a "war of all against all," while Locke believed humans have natural rights to life, liberty, and property. The lesson plan includes readings on Hobbes and Locke, activities for students to compare their ideas, and guidance for teachers to lead discussions on the social contract theory and whether the philosophers would agree or disagree.
John locke
John Locke was an English philosopher whose major works include An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, in which he argues that people are born with blank minds and gain knowledge through experience, and Two Treatises of Government, where he argues that government is a social contract and people have natural rights. He was influenced by thinkers like Aristotle, Hobbes, Descartes, and Newton. Later philosophers like Berkeley, Hume, Paine, and Jefferson were influenced by Locke's ideas about empiricism, government as a social contract, and natural rights.
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John Locke was an English philosopher considered one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers. He is known for his ideas on epistemology and political philosophy. Locke argued that the mind begins as a blank slate and ideas come from experience and sensation. In politics, he advocated for individual rights and limited government in his work Two Treatises on Government, which influenced the Founding Fathers of the United States.
The enlightenment (1650 1800)
The Enlightenment occurred between 1650-1800 and was known as the Age of Reason. Key thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, and Montesquieu applied scientific reasoning to challenge traditional authority and institutions. They believed natural laws could be discovered through reason to improve life. Locke argued people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that governments derived power through the people's consent rather than being absolute. If a government violated people's rights, the people had a right to overthrow it.
John locke(unit 1 project) alivia hodges
John Locke (1632-1704) was an influential English philosopher born in Somerset, England. He studied at Oxford University and participated in Christ Church. Locke wrote extensively on political philosophy and education, helping form modern western philosophy. He proposed separating government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Locke's ideas on civil rights and property ownership influenced the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution. His conception of legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government remains evident in American politics today.
John Locke.ppt
John Locke believed that without government, humans would exist in a "state of nature" with no power acting as a governing authority. In this state, there would be no agreed upon laws, individual rights to life, liberty and property would be insecure, and the stronger would try to take advantage of the weaker. To protect natural rights, Locke argued that individuals consent to forming a government through a "social contract," giving it the power to make and enforce laws in exchange for securing individual rights.
Differences and similarities between arguments of Hobbes and Locke
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were 17th century philosophers who developed influential social contract theories. While they agreed that individuals existed in a natural state before forming societies and governments through social contracts, they differed on key points. Hobbes saw the natural state as a "war of all against all" requiring absolute rule to maintain order, while Locke believed individuals retained natural rights and could revolt against unjust rulers. Hobbes advocated absolute monarchy as upholding law and order, while Locke criticized absolute rule and argued for separation of powers and limited government upholding individual rights.
John locke.ppt
John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632. He studied at Oxford University and served as personal physician to Lord Shaftesbury. Locke helped draft a constitution for the Carolinas and wrote major works on human understanding, government, and tolerance. He argued the mind is a blank slate at birth and knowledge comes from experience. Government's role is to protect natural rights and people can revolt if it fails to do so, influencing the American Revolution. Locke viewed humans as reasonable and having rights to life, liberty, and property.
New thoughts
The document discusses the intellectual foundations of revolution. It describes the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, who influenced ideas during the Enlightenment. Hobbes believed humans were inherently evil and needed a strong ruler, while Locke believed people could govern themselves and had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. These ideas influenced other thinkers like the French philosophes who wanted to improve society. Figures like Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau expanded on these foundations by advocating for freedom of thought, separation of government powers, and the ability of people to shape their own governments.
How much do you know about the constitution
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John Locke believes governments are dangerous and must be kept i
John Locke believes governments are dangerous and must be kept in check by a clear division of powers. In other words, Locke believed that power corrupts people so it must be watched and kept in check by other powers. But what justifies some people have power over others in the first place? Locke’s idea of the so-called “social contract” was a creative way to answer that question.
Here is a short video on Locke's political theory (also linked in the module):
LINK (Links to an external site.)
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For this week’s discussion board, please answer any one of the following three questions (you may answer more, if answering one does not reach the 250-word minimum):
[1] Think about this question of some people having authority over other people and what gives them the right to tell others what to do and to compel them to do it if they refuse? What gives this right of authority to parents, priests, politicians, bosses, and any others you might think interesting to consider? And what keeps that power and authority in check in case of abuse? Which of these positions are authorities by social contract and which are not? Explain.
[2] According to our American Constitution, people have a right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, but where did they get that right and what you do think about that claim? Do you believe that any of these rights should be limited by government? Why or why not? Do you think any basic human rights in America today are at risk or in jeopardy? If so, which one would you name and why?
[3] In terms of knowledge and how we get it, John Locke was a hard-nosed empiricist, as the eText explains. Locke became famous for his view that we are born into the world knowing absolutely nothing or with no preloaded ideas or mindsets; he called this theory the tabula rasa. All human knowledge, argued Locke, comes by experience. Do you agree with Locke's theory of knowledge? Why or why not? And even if you do agree with Locke on this, identify at least one possible problem with this idea that all knowledge comes by experience. What, for example, happens to knowledge certainty if all knowledge is based on human experience?
...
Locke and rousseau
This document compares the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke believed in natural rights and a social contract between government and people, where government's role was to protect rights. If government infringed on rights, people could revolt. Rousseau felt society corrupted people and government must save everyone through laws benefiting the majority. Both supported limited government getting power from the people, but early Americans favored Locke's ideas over Rousseau's potential for tyranny of the majority.
Philosophy locke smith dan mills
Pemikiran barat dan yang merosakkan perlu di pelajari agar kita memahami akibatnya bila di katakan Islam Liberal , Islam Sosialis dan Islam Modern .. kita akan memahami sesuatu itu dari dasarnya. Pemikiran barat banyak telah tercampuk aduk tanpa disedari kerana kita tidak memahami pemahami Fikrah Gharbiyyah
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The document provides an overview of a political science lecture covering classical and modern political thought, the organic roots of the United States, and John Locke's Second Treatise. The lecture discusses Aristotle's views on political roles and government elites. It also examines Locke's justification of liberalism, capitalism, and the social contract. Finally, it summarizes key points from Locke's Second Treatise on the state of nature, natural rights, consent of the governed, and the purpose of government to protect life, liberty, and property.
Locke on the state of nature, property
Hobbes argued that all humans are by nature equal in faculties of body and mind (i.e., no natural inequalities are so great as to give anyone a "claim" to an exclusive "benefit"). From this equality and other causes in human nature, everyone is naturally willing to fight one another: so that "during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called warre; and such a warre as is of every man against every man". In this state every person has a natural right or liberty to do anything one thinks necessary for preserving one's own life; and life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS OF POLITICAL POWER / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COM
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Unit 1 locke
- 1. 1 Learning about Locke's theories on limited government, unalienable rights, equal rights, and the consent of the governed The Key to John Locke
- 2. 2 John Locke was born in Bristol, England, on August 29, 1632. Locke's father wanted his son to become a minister, but Locke rejected this and studied medicine. Locke entered Oxford University in England and was influenced by John Owen, Dean of Christ Church College. It was Owen who first introduced Locke to the idea of religious freedom and the idea that people should not be punished for having different views of religion. Locke believed that all sides had the right to be heard. John Locke John Locke
- 3. 3 John Locke wrote two treatises of government in 1690. In these treatises he said that the government should be like a contract or agreement between the people and the ruler. The ruler is given the power to govern the country as long as he doesn't abuse his position. In brief, Locke argued that sovereignty did not reside in the state but with the people, and that the state is supreme, but only if it is bound by civil and what he called "natural" law. If the ruler didn't keep the contract, the people could overthrow the government. John Locke
- 4. 4 Locke also believed that the people were entitled to natural rights such as life, liberty and the protection of their property. Many of Locke's political ideas, such as those relating to natural rights, property rights, the duty of the government to protect these rights, and the rule of the majority, were later embodied in the U.S. Constitution. Excerpted from: http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/constitution/locke-bio. John Locke
- 5. 5 Norman Rockwell’s The Problem We All Live With 1. What is happening in this painting? 2. Which principles of democracy are illustrated by this painting? (Equality? Natural rights? Liberty? Unalienable rights?) Explain.
- 6. 6 Dave Cutler’s Flag With Male Symbol 1. What is happening in this painting? 2. Which principles of democracy are illustrated by this painting? (Equality? Natural rights? Liberty? Unalienable rights?) Explain.
- 7. 7 Tiananmen Square, 1989 1. What is happening in this photo? 2. How does this relate to limited government?