The document discusses electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and the transition to electric vehicles. It notes that 90% of light-duty vehicles would need to be electric by 2050 to meet climate targets. This could require all new car sales to be electric as early as 2035 based on California's target. The document discusses the increasing electricity demand from EVs, with projections of 3.5 MW in 2025 and 23.5 MW in 2030 for California alone. It also discusses using microgrids to provide reliable, resilient, and renewable power for EV charging stations. Microgrids could sell excess capacity back to the electric grid and reduce operating costs. The document provides an example economic analysis of a truck stop EV charging station powered by

1. Reliable, Resilient & Renewable Power Solutions
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2. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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RESILIENCY
RELIABILITY
RENEWABLE

3. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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• Published in the journal nature climate
change, the study by engineers at the
University of Toronto concludes that 90% of
light-duty cars on American roads would need
to be electric by 2050 to keep the
transportation sector in line with climate
mitigation targets.
• That might mean requiring all of the nation’s
new car sales to be electric as early as
2035, the state target established by
California gov. Gavin Newsom (D) in an
announcement last week.

4. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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5. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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2025
Maximum Demand 3.5 MW
2030
Maximum Demand 23.5 MW
CALIFORNIA

6. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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• Infrastructure would be capable of supporting the 3.5 MW load in 2025
• The grid has adequate capacity to supply this load at most of the charging sites
identified in 2025.
• Rural sites would have more difficulty meeting the projected load demand and would
likely need additional infrastructure improvements.
• By 2030, the larger projected 23.5 MW loads for MD/ HD charging sites would
require more extensive improvements at nearly every site
• New feeders, generally dedicated to the charging site load, substation
transformers, and other improvements,
• Transmission system improvements at some locations, would be required.
• The 2 mw fast chargers have the potential to severely affect the grid because of
the high electrical demand.

7. 7
The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
Total added Demand by 2030 = 936 MW
Equivalent to 1 U.S. Nuclear Reactor
CALIFORNIA

8. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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Congestion
PJM
NY-ISO

9. 9
EV Charging Stations
A microgrid provides:
• Economic benefits vs grid power
• Resiliency in energy supply
• Reliability in sources of electricity
• Implementation of Renewable technology
• Economies of scale via standardization of product
Building a profit center from EV charging stations – Economic
Dispatch
Existing, dynamic, and growing marketplace
• Sell EV charging microgrid capacity back to grid
• $500k/year per 20MW microgrid in revenue through selling capacity to grid
Reasonable assumptions: 4 hrs./day, based on 2022 off-peak pricing, 50% diversity factor
Meet customer need
Satisfy stakeholders
Optimize opex
Platforming approach
The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
Facility power &
EV charging infrastructure

10. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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• A containerized approach fits spatial
characteristics and travel stop layout
• 20MW displaces fewer than 10 parking spots
(green)
• Batteries located in unused area (blue)
• Depending on land availability, the solar
tech is greenfield, dispersed, or carport
design
• Fully integrated microgrid with standard
components
• Standard gensets with all benefits of
commonality
• Works regardless of Grid Constraints
• Potential to run on Hydrogen or Renewable
Natural Gas for low to no carbon footprint

11. 11
Client: Confidential
2 MW Charger
4 per lanes location
9 minutes to charge
50 vehicles per lane per
day
3.125 vehicles per hour per
lane
16 Hours of trucks
charging
300 kWh per charge
180 Miles between Charges
60,000 kWh per day
21,900 MWh/year
Natural Gas
Debt Service ($1,183,264)
Operating Cost ($1,600,876)
Total kWh
21,900,000
$/kWh 0.1271
Carbon Reduction
Lbs. /mile 1.951
Assume 95,000 miles/year lbs. carbon
reduced/year 185,364.18 lbs. carbon
reduction
RNG
Debt Service ($1,183,264)
Operating Cost ($3,292,580)
Total kWh
21,900,000
$/kWh 0.2044
Carbon Reduction
lbs./mile 4.789
Assume 95,000 miles/year lbs. carbon
reduced/year
454,942.09 lbs. carbon reduction
180 Miles on a charge
6.5 Miles per gallon Diesel
$3.569 per gallon diesel
Cost per 180 miles
W Bat cost per charge $44.22
W/O Bat cost per charge $38.14
RNG cost per charge $61.31
Diesel Cost per 180 miles $98.83
The 3 R’s of EV
Charging

12. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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TYPICAL EV SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• 2 MW SOLAR FIELD OR CARPORTS
• 20 MWH BATTERY STORAGE
• 20 MW ENGINES TO RUN ON NG, RNG OR H2

13. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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VIRTUAL RNG
FINANCIAL TRANSACTION – NO PHYSICAL DELIVERY
• System connects to existing natural gas infrastructure
• Site contracts with 3rd party rng manufacturer who delivers rng to
pipeline
• Site owner & rng manufacturer execute a contract for differences
(cfd) that sells emissions attributes to site owner

14. The 3 R’s of EV
Charging
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QUESTIONS
Joseph Martorano P.E.
Vice President – Engineering &
Project Management
Northeast-Western Energy Systems
C: 215.514.3261
O: 267.817.9862
jmartorano@nes-wes.com
8330 State Road
Philadelphia, PA 19136