The document discusses 21st century skills and their application in teaching and learning. It provides an example of a classroom activity on endangered species and asks whether the activity demonstrates 21st century skills. It then contrasts the example activity with one shown in a video that better exemplifies skills like critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity. The document advocates for teachers to incorporate more 21st century skills in instruction by posing problems for students to solve, facilitating discussion, encouraging team-based work and challenging students to be innovative.