Biomimetics refers to the imitation of nature e.g. when creating new technical solutions. The solutions may for example improve the properties of products or create totally new kinds of products and materials. Background idea is that there is no better or more efficient solution or system than the ones that have been optimized in the nature. Examples of current solutions inspired by biomimetics include Velcro tape, development of non-reflecting, surfaces and self-healing materials. In nature materials can simultaneously be strong, resilient, and light, and they can have for example hydrophobic properties. These properties and the new possibilities they create are important in utilizing renewable materials and by-products in today’s bio and circular economy.
The Natural Resources Centre Finland surveyed the Finnish research landscape in biomimetics and the related commercial possibilities. Europe, the USA and Japan are leading the research and commercialization of biomimetic solutions. The international co-operation forums in Europe and in the USA are summarized in the survey. The report can be downloaded at www.marketopportunities.fi
Agricultural investment is a key driver of farm productivity and can play an important role in poverty reduction – but the kind of investment matters. This presentation by IWMI's Greenwell Matchaya provides a breakdown of the different types of agricultural investment, how effective they are and how they might be fine-tuned.
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
Biomimetics refers to the imitation of nature e.g. when creating new technical solutions. The solutions may for example improve the properties of products or create totally new kinds of products and materials. Background idea is that there is no better or more efficient solution or system than the ones that have been optimized in the nature. Examples of current solutions inspired by biomimetics include Velcro tape, development of non-reflecting, surfaces and self-healing materials. In nature materials can simultaneously be strong, resilient, and light, and they can have for example hydrophobic properties. These properties and the new possibilities they create are important in utilizing renewable materials and by-products in today’s bio and circular economy.
The Natural Resources Centre Finland surveyed the Finnish research landscape in biomimetics and the related commercial possibilities. Europe, the USA and Japan are leading the research and commercialization of biomimetic solutions. The international co-operation forums in Europe and in the USA are summarized in the survey. The report can be downloaded at www.marketopportunities.fi
Agricultural investment is a key driver of farm productivity and can play an important role in poverty reduction – but the kind of investment matters. This presentation by IWMI's Greenwell Matchaya provides a breakdown of the different types of agricultural investment, how effective they are and how they might be fine-tuned.
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
What Does the Recovery of Demand for Urban Mobility Look Like Post-COVID-19?Boston Consulting Group
Based on a survey of 5,000 residents in china, the EU, and the US, BCG analyzed the likely recovery of demand in urban mobility following the COVID-19
outbreak. Ultimately—until a cure emerges—we expect we expect a major shift away from public transit toward private mobility modes, specifically private cars and bikes. But the magnitude of the shift will differ across the varied type of cities.
State of the Web in 2016 - Mary MeekerOliver Grave
Mary Meeker of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers puts together a fascinating and influential presentation each year on the state of the web.
The report, chock-full of insights and stats, delves into the biggest trends in digital.
She just released 2016's presentation at Vox Media's Code Conference.
Big themes this year include how search is changing, the impact of messaging apps, and the future of transportation.
1) Key Internet Trends
2) Status Update – Tech Stocks / Education / Healthcare
3) Re-Imagining Continues
4) Screen + Video Growth = Still Early Innings
5) China’s Epic Share Gains
6) Public Company Trends
7) One More Thing(s)...
8) Ran Outta Time Thoughts / Appendix
This synthesis review, prepared with financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation,
is a companion report to the evaluation of the Foundation’s work on African
Agriculture Resilience (AAR) and Carbon for Poverty Reduction (CPR). The synthesis
review seeks to identify lessons from a broad range of efforts to build climate resilient
agriculture and reduce poverty through carbon markets in Africa. The Rockefeller
Foundation and its grantees and partners are interested in learning not only from the
Foundation’s work but from the work of others, in order to gain a better understanding
of what constitutes successful activities for building climate resilient agriculture
and what works and does not work in carbon projects for poverty reduction in the
agricultural sector.
Agriculture continues to play a key role in the formal economies and in sustaining
local livelihoods in Africa. Climate change, in combination with widespread levels of
poverty and food insecurity, could potentially have large impacts on the well-being of
smallholder farmers and economic growth in the region. Climate resilient agricultural
development and carbon markets for poverty reduction are rapidly emerging as key
issues for development policy and practice. In ensuring that African agriculture is
resilient to the changing climate, it has become imperative to protect livelihoods and
to reduce food insecurity. At the same time, the emerging market for carbon may offer
new possibilities for agriculture to benefit from land use management practices that
sequester carbon, which could, in turn, contribute to poverty reduction.
The report first briefly introduces current debates surrounding AAR and CPR. In spite
of wide agreement about the need for AAR and CPR efforts in the region, determining
the best ways to approach them remains a contentious and uncertain challenge. The
report also examines ongoing AAR- and CPR-type work in the region, based on a rapid
desk-based screening of existing programs and projects, and on analyses available in
the public domain. Tables 1 and 2 summarize reviewed practices, key findings and
early lessons for reviewed adaptation and carbon activities, respectively.
Logistics in the Context of Small-Scale MiningTristan Wiggill
Presented by: Mr. PG Kwata Director: Small-Scale Mining
Department of Mineral Resources,SOUTH AFRICA during the 2nd Annual Coal Transportation Africa Conference 2015.
Presentation by Claudia Ringler, Hartwig Kremer and Cheikh Mbow at the UNEA Science Policy Interface, May 19-20
Presentation focuses on the concept of the water, food and energy nexus and its importance within the development context. It also provides a number of cases highlighting nexus issues.
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA: LESSONS FROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISESStefano Barazzetta
The report presents 5 different case studies of social enterprises working in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sector, with focus on the collection and treatment of plastic.
The study will analyse and compare the following companies:
• Zanrec (Tanzania)
• EcoPost (Kenya)
• Wecyclers (Nigeria)
• Proplast (Senegal)
• Taka Taka Solutions (Kenya)
The study will highlight the key elements that contribute to the effectiveness and sustainability of the selected initiatives; the analysis will specifically focus on the:
• story of the company and stage of development
• operating model
• business model
• key partnerships
• impact/inclusion of vulnerable groups
• key results and key challenges
• strategy to move forward
What Does the Recovery of Demand for Urban Mobility Look Like Post-COVID-19?Boston Consulting Group
Based on a survey of 5,000 residents in china, the EU, and the US, BCG analyzed the likely recovery of demand in urban mobility following the COVID-19
outbreak. Ultimately—until a cure emerges—we expect we expect a major shift away from public transit toward private mobility modes, specifically private cars and bikes. But the magnitude of the shift will differ across the varied type of cities.
State of the Web in 2016 - Mary MeekerOliver Grave
Mary Meeker of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers puts together a fascinating and influential presentation each year on the state of the web.
The report, chock-full of insights and stats, delves into the biggest trends in digital.
She just released 2016's presentation at Vox Media's Code Conference.
Big themes this year include how search is changing, the impact of messaging apps, and the future of transportation.
1) Key Internet Trends
2) Status Update – Tech Stocks / Education / Healthcare
3) Re-Imagining Continues
4) Screen + Video Growth = Still Early Innings
5) China’s Epic Share Gains
6) Public Company Trends
7) One More Thing(s)...
8) Ran Outta Time Thoughts / Appendix
This synthesis review, prepared with financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation,
is a companion report to the evaluation of the Foundation’s work on African
Agriculture Resilience (AAR) and Carbon for Poverty Reduction (CPR). The synthesis
review seeks to identify lessons from a broad range of efforts to build climate resilient
agriculture and reduce poverty through carbon markets in Africa. The Rockefeller
Foundation and its grantees and partners are interested in learning not only from the
Foundation’s work but from the work of others, in order to gain a better understanding
of what constitutes successful activities for building climate resilient agriculture
and what works and does not work in carbon projects for poverty reduction in the
agricultural sector.
Agriculture continues to play a key role in the formal economies and in sustaining
local livelihoods in Africa. Climate change, in combination with widespread levels of
poverty and food insecurity, could potentially have large impacts on the well-being of
smallholder farmers and economic growth in the region. Climate resilient agricultural
development and carbon markets for poverty reduction are rapidly emerging as key
issues for development policy and practice. In ensuring that African agriculture is
resilient to the changing climate, it has become imperative to protect livelihoods and
to reduce food insecurity. At the same time, the emerging market for carbon may offer
new possibilities for agriculture to benefit from land use management practices that
sequester carbon, which could, in turn, contribute to poverty reduction.
The report first briefly introduces current debates surrounding AAR and CPR. In spite
of wide agreement about the need for AAR and CPR efforts in the region, determining
the best ways to approach them remains a contentious and uncertain challenge. The
report also examines ongoing AAR- and CPR-type work in the region, based on a rapid
desk-based screening of existing programs and projects, and on analyses available in
the public domain. Tables 1 and 2 summarize reviewed practices, key findings and
early lessons for reviewed adaptation and carbon activities, respectively.
Logistics in the Context of Small-Scale MiningTristan Wiggill
Presented by: Mr. PG Kwata Director: Small-Scale Mining
Department of Mineral Resources,SOUTH AFRICA during the 2nd Annual Coal Transportation Africa Conference 2015.
Presentation by Claudia Ringler, Hartwig Kremer and Cheikh Mbow at the UNEA Science Policy Interface, May 19-20
Presentation focuses on the concept of the water, food and energy nexus and its importance within the development context. It also provides a number of cases highlighting nexus issues.
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA: LESSONS FROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISESStefano Barazzetta
The report presents 5 different case studies of social enterprises working in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sector, with focus on the collection and treatment of plastic.
The study will analyse and compare the following companies:
• Zanrec (Tanzania)
• EcoPost (Kenya)
• Wecyclers (Nigeria)
• Proplast (Senegal)
• Taka Taka Solutions (Kenya)
The study will highlight the key elements that contribute to the effectiveness and sustainability of the selected initiatives; the analysis will specifically focus on the:
• story of the company and stage of development
• operating model
• business model
• key partnerships
• impact/inclusion of vulnerable groups
• key results and key challenges
• strategy to move forward
Status of Natural Resource Management in Uganda, the efforts by CSOs, Challen...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was made during the breakfast meeting meeting that engaged the Members of the Parliamentary Committee on Natural Resources in the Parliament of Uganda. The meeting was organized by UWASNET.
The efforts by CSOs, Challenges and Opportunities for collaboration and partnership with the Parliamentary Committee on Natural Resources to advance to advance sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Introduction to the NAP process and NAP guidelines within the Lebanese contextUNDP Climate
Lebanon kicked off its National Adaptation Plan process in a stakeholder consultation meeting held this July 4 and 5 in Beirut. The meeting was tailored to provide a platform to discuss priority areas for climate change adaptation in Lebanon, and identify next steps in the formulation, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP).
Presentation by Marcelo Regúnaga, Professor, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Former Secretary of Agriculture, Argentina), IFPRI Policy Seminar: "A Post-Bali Food Security Agenda," May 6, 2104 in Washington, DC.
Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
This is a Key NOTE Presentation to COP21- EAC Side Event: 4th December 2015.The presentation looks at the changing climate in East Africa and the climate-smart tools available.
NEWIN is the leading US based water innovation cluster. NEWIN members are accelerating water innovation to market, solving global water challenges through local innovation and collaborationn
Similar to Future Watch: Promoting Circular Economy in South Africa (20)
Future Watch summary: Future growth opportunities in global biobanks marketTeam Finland Future Watch
This Future Watch report compares the current status of forerunning biobanks in Finland, Denmark, Sweden, UK and USA, analyze the needs and views of key biobank customer segments as well as offer key recommendations for Finnish biobank to gain a larger footprint in the biobank market.
ASEAN is increasingly becoming a vital economic force in Asia and a driver of global growth with a young, abundant workforce. Simultaneously, the region is witnessing significant productivity improvement in sectors such as manufacturing, retail, telecommunications and transportation.
The presentation is a summary presentation from a study Situational Awareness Solutions which collects together use cases for situational awareness capabilities and prioritizes these in context of user perception and readiness, availability and accessibility of technology, ease and likelihood of adoption, as well as regulations and competing substitutes. Finally it analyzes the relevance of assessed use cases to United States, Germany and Japan. The application areas discussed cover, amongst other, ecology and environment, disaster management, logistics and transport as well as critical infrastructure management.
Recent technology developments in the information technology space have opened new horizons for the maritime industry. "Digital ports" refers to application of digital technologies of digital technologies such as machine learning, data analytics, visualization, cloud and advanced wireless communications technology to the Port Ecosystem that are driving innovations and enabling business efficiency.
A recent Future Watch study on consumer trends in South Korea explores and analyzes key consumer trends that are shaping South Korean society and how these trends are likely to evolve over the next three to five years. The study is echoing future consumer trends not only in Asia but also in Europe. It is now clear that mobile and online shopping will become the main retail channel, and technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI) and big data are changing the retail landscape.
Healthcare as an industry is transforming. The concept of wellbeing is increasing in importance. Living environments are evolving, including smart homes, assisted living and robotics. Technologies and innovations are having major impacts to individual’s life. Individuals are taking more control and recognizing also their responsibility.
Business Finland and Future Watch commissioned a study on the landscape of developments that will impact the delivery of Health & Wellbeing, to better understand the anticipated transformations, impacts and opportunities to support its strategy for ensuring Finland is well positioned to take advantage of such trends and to help drive better decision making for all stakeholders in Finland. Results of the study are published and discussed with stakeholders and companies in Business Finland’s Smart Life Finland program webinars.
The Hong Kong government supports smart city operations and smart lamp post related actions. Smart lamp posts together with 5G can encompass various industries and thus can offer opportunities also for Finnish companies. Hong Kong aims to become a “world class smart city”. In ”Hong Kong Smart City Blueprint” smart lamp posts are mentioned as one action point and 50 smart lamp posts should be in use by the summer of 2019. The figure is set to rise to 400, and during 2019, a tender will likely be opened for the remaining 350 smart lamp posts. Smart lamp posts can serve several different functions and these are currently experimented in Science Park and the Smart City Pilot Area.
Japan is the second-largest retail market globally. For decades Japanese consumer’s preferences and cultural trends have been influential trend setting phenomenona. To understand how global consumer trends are transforming, it is important to look Japanese consumers behavior and attitudes towards consuming. Today we see behavior shifting. The change of Japanese consumers is not only about what people in Tokyo buy, but also how and what they think when they make decisions for purchases.
Future Watch report and analysis of consumer trends and lifestyles in Japan was done in collaboration with Euromonitor International’s Tokyo office researchers.
A new policy on energy transition was commenced in Taiwan to phase out nuclear power and to introduce substantial power generation capacity from renewable sources by 2025. This transition of energy source and structure represents not only great challenges for Taiwan but also immense business opportunities for industrial developed countries.
A recent Future Watch study identifies and describes future consumer trends in Mainland China and Hong Kong over the next 2-10 years. These trends are likely to impact the products and services these consumers buy and the marketing they respond to. It aims to identify significant trends that are specific to China’s unique market.
Central to the forecasting is identifying 12 consumer roles that represent key China trends. Each role has an accompanying case study which explains how brands are starting /planning to tap into these nascent trends.
Both India's Space and Cyber Defence areas contain gaps to keep up with global development. India’s space defence program is guided by policies to counter the capabilities of China and Pakistan. While India has made long strides with cost effective mission to Mars and a successfully launching record number of satellites, there are several gaps in its space defence. While in the space communication arena, at present, India has extremely limited space-based COMINT (Communications Intelligence) capabilities. Cyber security of satellite communications is another arena for potential collaboration between countries. Also, to achieve complete control of satellite communications & intelligence C4ISR, India needs to have a constellation of satellites in the space with extreme communication technology at disposal. In the Space Situational Awareness area India needs radar-independent tracking methods such as lasers, coherent infrared sensors and space systems with a sole purpose of tracking the functional capabilities of suspected/rogue satellites with military connect.
In cyber-security area, according to Gartner, cyber-security in India is growing to be a $1.5 bn market by 2019 & forecasted to grow over 19% during 2018-2023. Average spend on cyber security is currently at ~3% compared to a global average of 10-15% of the IT budget. India would need a trained pool of million professionals in cyber-security by 2025.
India is expected to be one of the key markets where future growth will emerge. The growth will be primarily driven by a favourable population composition and increasing disposable incomes. India is expected to reach USD 2374 GDP per capita by 2023. Consumer spending will increase in food, housing, transport and communication as well as consumer durables. Some interesting future sectors will benefit, such as sports and electric vehicles. The attached material takes a look also in such consumer related trends as cashless payments, data privacy and AI and technology in consumer businesses.
Future Watch report: According to a research report released by the Indian government, India is facing its ‘worst’ water crisis in history and that demand for potable water will outstrip supply by 2030 if steps are not taken. Twenty-one cities, including Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai and Hyderabad will run out of groundwater by 2020, affecting 100 million people, the study noted. Combined with industrial water pollution, shrinking rivers and inefficient urban water management system, there will be a 6% loss in the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2050.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
2. AUTHORS
Future Watch Report2
At Business Finland, we create new growth by supporting companies to go global, as well as funding innovations.
Our top experts speed up the identification of business opportunities around the world and help transform them
into global success stories. Future Watch is part of TF Market opportunities service and it provides actionable
insights from our global network for Finnish businesses and stakeholders. More information at
www.marketopportunities.fi
Zahil Jackpersad
Consultaing Analyst
Lehlohonolo Mokenala
Consultant
3. WASTE SECTOR
TOPICS
Future Watch Report3
1 DEFINING WASTE?
2 SOUTH AFRICA’S WASTE SECTOR
3 IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TEAM FINLAND
4. WASTE SECTOR
FEW KEY DEFINITIONS
Future Watch Report4
Organic Metals
Plastic
Paper
Glass &
Other
Source: World Bank, South Africa State of Waste Report, Waste Amendment Act, 2014
Sources Of
Solid Waste
Waste is defined in this study as
“any substance, material or
object, that is unwanted,
rejected, abandoned, discarded
or disposed of by the holder of
the substance, material or
object, whether or not such
substance, material or object
can be re-used, recycled or
recovered” in terms of the
Waste Amendment Act (2014)
Definition
5. WASTE SECTOR
ABOUT THE SCALE: THE GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF WASTE IS EXPECTED TO
GROW AT A CAGR OF 3.94% TO 2025
Future Watch Report5
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
2010 2025
SAR OECD MENA LCR ECA EAP AFR
Global waste production
(tonnes/day) is forecast to
grow at a CAGR of 3.94%
globally for the period 2010-
2025
Africa’s daily waste
production is forecast to grow
at a rate of 7.1%, and is
expected to be a much more
significant contributor to
global waste production by
2025
Source: World Bank
Daily Waste Production By Region (Tonnes/day)
3.5 million
6.1 million
6. WASTE SECTOR
HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES TEND TO PRODUCE THE LOWEST ORGANIC
WASTE, WITH A DROP IN INCOME LEVEL RESULTING IN AN INCREASE IN
SHARE OF ORGANIC WASTE SHARE IN TOTAL WASTE PRODUCTION
Future Watch Report6
Organic
Others
Metal
Glass
Paper
Plastic
Source: World Bank, IFC
Waste Production By Product Type
608 MT 686 MT
243 MT 426 MT
2010 2025
High
Income
Upper
Middle
Income
While total waste
production may be
lower for lower income
grouped countries,
they tend to produce a
significantly higher
share of organic waste
Due to the higher
production, a focus on
collection and
processing of organic
waste is critical for
these countries
7. WASTE SECTOR
THE GLOBAL E-WASTE PRODUCTION IN 2016 WAS 44.7 MT, OF WHICH
ONLY 20% WAS DOCUMENTED AS COLLECTED AND RECYCLED
Future Watch Report7
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
2016 2017E 2018E 2019E 2020E 2021E
Global E-waste generated
E-waste (Electronic waste) refers to electronic and electrical equipment and all parts thereof
which have been discarded as waste with no intention of re-use. E-waste may contain harmful
and hazardous components which could have a detrimental effect on the surrounding
environment, as it may contribute to air, water and soil contamination which would pose a
health risk to all. Roughly half the worlds population is currently online, more than doubling
over the last 10 years, if this trend continues E-waste will grow tremendously in the near
future
Source: The Global E-waste Monitor 2017
7.5 Bn
Global population currently
connected to the Internet
Connected
8. WASTE SECTOR
WASTE TO ENERGY AND BUILDING A BIO-ECONOMY HAS BECOME A KEY
FOCUS IN GLOBAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Future Watch Report8
Waste to Energy (WtE) to refers to the conversion of non-recyclable waste into various
forms of energy, such as heat, fuel and electricity
Source: Statista, World Energy Council
Waste to Energy
There are currently 3 technologies used in WtE conversion
Thermal Biological Chemical
Benefits of Waste to Energy
Recycling of non-
recyclable waste
Recovering energy from
waste using high
temperatures, such as
combustion, incineration,
pyrolysis or gasification
Biological conversion
technologies and processes
are used to transform
biodegradable waste such as
food and agricultural waste
Esterification is commonly
used to produce Fatty acid
methyl esters (FAME), the
primary component in
biodiesel
Clean Energy
Generation
Green house gas
reduction1 2 3
9. WASTE SECTOR
TOPICS
Future Watch Report9
1 DEFINING WASTE?
2 SOUTH AFRICA’S WASTE SECTOR
3 IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TEAM FINLAND
10. WASTE SECTOR
THE VALUE OF THE WASTE SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA IN 2014 WAS
ESTIMATED AT 1.08 BILLION US$
Future Watch Report10
Source: World Bank, IMF, ESA, DEA (2012), DST, (2014)
Population, 2017: 56m
Nominal GDP, 2017: US$ 349bn
GDP Growth (2017-2022) 1.7%
Population Growth (2017-2022) 2%
Urbanisation (2017-2022) 1.9%
Key Facts and Figures About South Africa
Unclassified Hazardous General
Waste Generated in South
Africa, 2011
108m
tonnes
/year
South Africa’s formal waste sector was estimated to be
valued at 1.08 Billion US$ by the Department of Science
and Technology in 2014
The National Waste Information Baseline estimated 108
million tonnes of waste was generated in 2011, of which
10% was recycled (with recycling possible for 65% of the
total generated waste)
One of the key challenges facing the sector is the lack of
reliable data, which has led to the use of out-dated data
points when reporting on the sector
Note: R14.05 = 1 US$
11. WASTE SECTOR
WASTE TO VALUE HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME A KEY SECTOR IN
SOUTH AFRICA
Future Watch Report11
Waste to value presents an opportunity to
establish an entirely new value chain in
South Africa. Municipal solid waste and
biogas are of particular interest to the
country
A number of sectors in the country
produce organic waste that can be
converted into energy, potentially
reducing both waste-to-landfill and fossil
fuel consumption
Rising landfill gate fees, the current
landfill ban on abattoir waste and
corporate sustainability obligations and
targets could drive this sector going
forward
Source: GreenCape
Sectors
currently
producing
Organic
Waste in
South Africa
Local
Sectors
Currently
Producing
Organic
Waste
Municipal Landfills
Pulp & Paper
Fruit
Processing
Breweries
Sugar Production
12. WASTE SECTOR
APPROPRIATE EXPERTISE ARE NEEDED TO MANAGE SOUTH AFRICA'S
WATER AND WASTEWATER WASTE
Future Watch Report12
South Africa currently has 824 private and municipal wastewater treatment works located throughout the
country, with a current theoretical capacity of 6 510 ML, and current demand of 5 129 ML. The primary waste
type produced by these plants is sewage sludge
Eastern Cape
Western Cape
Northern Cape
KwaZulu
-Natal
Free
State
North
West
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
Gauteng
Source: South Africa State of Waste Report Draft Report, DEA
Province Number of WWTW Capacity
Western Cape 158 1025
KwaZulu-Natal 141 1085
Eastern Cape 124 489
Free State 93 401
Northern Cape 79 139
Mpumalanga 76 321
Gauteng 58 2573
Limpopo 58 187
North West 37 190
South African Map
An audit done by the DWA between 2009-2013 inspecting all 824 of these WWTW sites based on key
performance areas such as risk management, asset management, and process control provided alarming
results. The audit indicated that only 8.3% of WWTW plants were compliant in terms of effluent quality, and
less than half (42.2%) were compliant in terms of local regulations
WWTW Statistics per province (Estimates)
13. WASTE SECTOR
APART FROM THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, ALL OTHER WASTE IS
COLLECTED BY PRIVATE PLAYERS
Future Watch Report13
Domestic
Commercial
Industrial
Medical
Natural
75% of all waste is gathered by the City of
Cape Town (CoCT) as a municipal service.
Collection only occurs in certain parts of the
city
The CoCT collects commercial waste on a
contractual basis, with the rest of the collection
waste outsourced to private providers
(hazardous included). This does not apply to
whale carcasses, which are collected by the
COCT
- Refers to hazardous waste
Source: City of Cape Town (CoCT), 2015, Frost & Sullivan
14. WASTE SECTOR
TOPICS
Future Watch Report14
1 DEFINING WASTE?
2 SOUTH AFRICA’S WASTE SECTOR
3 IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TEAM FINLAND
15. WASTE SECTOR
FINLAND ARE REGARDED AS ONE OF THE GLOBAL LEADERS IN CLEANTECH
INNOVATION
Future Watch Report15
0 1 2 3 4 5
Denmark
Finland
Sweden
USA
UK
Netherlands
China
India
Brazil
South Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Indonesia
Finland is amongst the front running
countries globally with respect to Cleantech
Innovation, ranking 2nd in the Global
Cleantech Innovation Ranking, while South
Africa ranked 31st with a score of 1.13
South Africa’s Cleantech market is in it’s
nascent stages, however recent efforts to
improve the country’s Cleantech innovation
such as the GCIP (Global Cleantech
Innovation Program) being incorporated
into the Technology Innovation Agency
(TIA) could provide an opportunity for
Finland’s expertise in the sector
Source: WWF
Global Cleantech Innovation Score
16. WASTE SECTOR
FINLAND’S WATER SECTOR HAS A TURNOVER GREATER THAN 3 BILLION
EURO’S, WITH OVER 70 EXPERT COMPANIES PRESENT IN THE SECTOR
Future Watch Report16
Finnish Water Sector Strengths
• Monitoring and
measuring sensor
technology
• System
management
• Process
optimization
• Recycling water &
nutrients
• Design,
automation
• Nutrient removal
• Network
management
• Flow monitoring
and control
solutions
• Water quality
solutions
• Industry specific
solutions
Smart Water
Water
Efficiency
Wastewater
Treatment
Industrial
W&WWT
Water and waste water treatment is a key strength of the Finnish water industry. With the poor
compliance to both local standards and water quality in amongst the W&WWT in South Africa,
Finland could become an ideal partner to improve the quality and management of the W&WW
sector in South Africa
Source: Cleantech Finland
17. WASTE SECTOR
SOUTH AFRICA’S BIOGAS SECTOR IS STILL IN IT’S NASCENT STAGES,
FINLAND CAN BECOME AN IDEAL PARTNER GOING TO GROW THE SECTOR
Future Watch Report17
Eastern Cape
Western Cape
Northern Cape
KwaZulu
-Natal
Free
State
Gauteng
Existing Biogas Projects
With a capacity of 23 000 tonnes, Finland is
home to the largest Biogas plant in the world,
located near an existing coal plant in Vaasa,
Finland can leverage it’s expertise in a
consulting and advisory roles through
partnering with local players
The Department of Energy’s Assessment of the
sector’s four main biomass resources (invasive
alien, plants, bush encroachment, bagasse and
plantation forestry residue) indicated over 22
million tons available throughout the country,
with the only current restraint being the sparse
distribution of these resources
Finnish company, the WOIMA
corporation have already been
involved in various waste-to-energy
feasibility studies in Africa
Source: WOIMA Corporation, The State of South Africa Waste, SAEON, Vaasa Biogas Plant
18. WASTE SECTOR
THE WESTERN CAPE HAS THE MOST DEVELOPED WASTE SECTOR BY
PROVINCE IN SOUTH AFRICA, WITH MULTIPLE OPPORTUNITIES EXISTING
CURRENTLY
Future Watch Report18
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
City of Cape Town Cape Winelands Eden West Coast Overberg Central Karoo
Tonnages
Municipal Solid Waste
Commercial/Industrial
Waste generation by municipality, 2016
Source: GreenCape
Within the Western
Cape, market
opportunities of
particular interest to
Finland exist in multiple
sectors
Municipal
Public Private
Partnerships
Organic
Waste
Treatment
Alternative
Waste
Treatment
19. WASTE SECTOR
SOUTH AFRICA HAS VARIOUS FUNDING MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES
AVAILABLE TO THOSE LOOKING TO ENTER THE WASTE SECTOR
Future Watch Report19
Waste Specific Incentives General Incentives
• PETCO: PETCO can assist SMME’s with support via
the following:
o PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
Infrastructure and equipment provision
o Collector training and development
o Education and awareness
o Special projects and joint ventures
• Polyco: Funding mechanisms are available either
in the form of grants or interest-free loans. The
purpose of the funding is to support the entire
recycling industry value chain, from collections
through to end user development
• Reduced Corporate Income Tax Rate: a reduction
in corporate tax of 15%. from the current rate
which is 28%
• VAT and Customs Relief: Businesses qualifying for
this will be eligible for VAT and customs relief in
accordance with the current VAT customs
legislation
• Employment Tax Incentive: Companies would be
allowed to claim back a certain portion of tax for
employing young low salaried employees,
through a cost sharing mechanism with the
Government
• Building Allowance: Businesses operating within
approved SEZs are eligible for an accelerated
depreciation allowance of buildings
• 12I Tax Allowance: This is designed to support
greenfield and brownfield investments, through
capital investments and training
Source: Greencape Waste MIR 2018, SARS, the dti , PETCO, Polyco
20. WASTE SECTOR
CURRENTLY. THE BEST OPPORTUNITIES FOR FINNISH COMPANIES TO ENTER
THE LOCAL BIOENERGY MARKET ARE THROUGH PARTNERSHIPS WITH
LOCAL CONSULTING ENGINEERS, EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS AND EPC PLAYERS
Future Watch Report20
EPC: Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts (EPC)
Source: Business Finland Southern Africa
Partnering with local consulting engineers
Finland could partner with local engineering consultants as either an equipment supplier or to
provide further expertise on various projects, focusing predominantly on the private sector
Partnering with local equipment suppliers
South Africa provides all equipment which can be used to manufacture housing structures for
bioenergy plants, however much of the plant equipment is imported. Finnish companies could
capitalize on this and become import partners with local suppliers to bridge this gap, especially within
the private sector
Partnering with local EPC players
EPC players within the country are responsible for procurement of all necessary material and
equipment. This presents a further opportunity for Finnish companies to partner with these players
and supply equipment and materials
21. WASTE SECTOR
THERE ARE MULTIPLE PLAYERS ACROSS THE WASTE SPACE WHO COULD
BECOME POTENTIAL PARTNERS FOR FINLAND
Future Watch Report21
Potential Partners in South Africa for Finnish Players in the Waste Space
Equipment Suppliers
Consulting Engineers
Industrial Waste and Side Streams
Plant Owners
Source: Frost & Sullivan, Business Finland South Africa