This document discusses pollution in India and its effects. It notes that India's population growth and economic development are putting strain on the environment. Several types of pollution are discussed, including air, water, waste, noise, and industrial pollution. Air pollution is a major problem, with New Delhi ranking as one of the most polluted cities. Constitutional provisions for environmental protection were added in 1976. Several laws have been passed but enforcement remains a challenge. Better management policies are needed to protect the environment and move toward sustainability.
The document discusses pollution in India and its effects on common people from a legal perspective. It notes that India's population growth and increasing industrialization/urbanization are straining the environment and resources. Various forms of pollution are discussed, including air pollution which is one of India's most severe issues. Sources of air pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial smoke, and lack of pollution controls in growing urban areas. The document examines efforts to regulate pollution but notes challenges with enforcement at the local level. Over 3 million premature deaths globally from pollution occur in India each year.
Barter green hands |zero carbon society| SwarnShekhar1
This document discusses environmental pollution in India. It provides background on the current state of pollution, including air pollution exposing over 674 million Indians to unsafe levels by 2030. Key challenges mentioned include lack of public awareness, funding, leadership, and dedicated programs. Specific examples are given of highly polluted rivers like the Yamuna. Threats from pollution include loss of life, increased disease, and economic costs of over 5.7% of GDP. Climate change also threatens India through impacts on agriculture, water security, and displacement of coastal populations. The judiciary has helped address pollution as a violation of the right to life.
Air quality and health effects in delhi, Team Finland Future Watch White PaperTeam Finland Future Watch
Outdoor air pollution is the fifth largest killer in India. In Delhi, vehicle exhaust is the main cause of air pollution, contributing 70% of particulate matter which has more than doubled from 2001-2010. High levels of pollution in the winter months are exacerbated by agricultural burning, construction, and industrial activities. Long-term exposure can lead to respiratory illness, lung damage, and increased cancer risk. The government has implemented reforms like shifting industries, switching public transport to CNG, and introducing emissions standards, but further technological and policy innovations are still needed to improve air quality and public health.
The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollutionijtsrd
Pollution, also called environmental pollution, is the addition of any substance solid, liquid, or gas or any form of energy such as heat, sound, or radioactivity into the environment at a rapid rate of diffusion, dilution, decomposed, recycled, or stored in a harmless form. Pollution can take many forms the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we use to grow our food, the sparkling skies and even the noises we hear every day. , they can all contribute to health problems and may lead to low quality of life. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges. Wild type organisms have a slow degradation rate of hazardous substances. Currently, advanced molecular biology tools along with conventional approaches allow us to rapidly degrade or deposit hazardous materials from the atmosphere. In a developing country like India, the use of environmental standards as a decision making criterion should be properly evaluated. If the norms of developed countries apply in India, the cost would be much higher. Thus, the selected parameters should be suited to the economic condition of the country. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Haemophiluspa that were found in petrochemical waste disposal sites contaminated with phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorine, pyrene, and asenaphthene showed a 70 -100 drop in PAHs over 40 days. Dr. Renu Durgapal "The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollution" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47696.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/47696/the-major-environmental-problems-related-to-pollution/dr-renu-durgapal
Environmental problem is a major problem in Bangladesh. People don't take this matter seriously like poor country whether other developed countries are taken necessary steps to protect their environment. In this slide presentation, we want to discuss about causes, effects, government steps & various ways to protect our environment. Hope, you'll enjoy this presentation. Thank you All.
Summery - X - Striving for better Environment Part II Ednexa
The document discusses sustainable development and environmental protection in India. It outlines several objectives of sustainable development including reducing pollution, restraining natural resource use, protecting the environment, and ensuring social equality and continuous economic growth. It then describes various Indian laws and acts related to environmental protection, such as the Water Act, Air Act, Environment Protection Act, and waste management rules. The document emphasizes that sustainable development and environmental conservation should go hand in hand. Protection of the environment is a shared responsibility of the public, governments, and private sector.
Industrialization has led to rapid economic growth in Pakistan but has also caused significant environmental degradation. Major industries like steel, cement and petrochemicals release large amounts of air pollutants including CO2, SO2, NOx, and PM. Untreated industrial wastewater is discharged into water bodies, polluting sources of drinking water. This has negatively impacted human health and ecosystems. While Pakistan has implemented some environmental laws and regulations, lack of enforcement means industrial pollution continues without proper control measures. Recommendations include stricter emission standards, charges for polluters, and command-and-control regulations to reduce the adverse effects of industrialization on Pakistan's environment.
This Project is on environmental studies which topic is Pollution.
In this Project includes Air, Water, Noise, and Soil Pollution. This Project is also shows some creativity work on Project.
The document discusses pollution in India and its effects on common people from a legal perspective. It notes that India's population growth and increasing industrialization/urbanization are straining the environment and resources. Various forms of pollution are discussed, including air pollution which is one of India's most severe issues. Sources of air pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial smoke, and lack of pollution controls in growing urban areas. The document examines efforts to regulate pollution but notes challenges with enforcement at the local level. Over 3 million premature deaths globally from pollution occur in India each year.
Barter green hands |zero carbon society| SwarnShekhar1
This document discusses environmental pollution in India. It provides background on the current state of pollution, including air pollution exposing over 674 million Indians to unsafe levels by 2030. Key challenges mentioned include lack of public awareness, funding, leadership, and dedicated programs. Specific examples are given of highly polluted rivers like the Yamuna. Threats from pollution include loss of life, increased disease, and economic costs of over 5.7% of GDP. Climate change also threatens India through impacts on agriculture, water security, and displacement of coastal populations. The judiciary has helped address pollution as a violation of the right to life.
Air quality and health effects in delhi, Team Finland Future Watch White PaperTeam Finland Future Watch
Outdoor air pollution is the fifth largest killer in India. In Delhi, vehicle exhaust is the main cause of air pollution, contributing 70% of particulate matter which has more than doubled from 2001-2010. High levels of pollution in the winter months are exacerbated by agricultural burning, construction, and industrial activities. Long-term exposure can lead to respiratory illness, lung damage, and increased cancer risk. The government has implemented reforms like shifting industries, switching public transport to CNG, and introducing emissions standards, but further technological and policy innovations are still needed to improve air quality and public health.
The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollutionijtsrd
Pollution, also called environmental pollution, is the addition of any substance solid, liquid, or gas or any form of energy such as heat, sound, or radioactivity into the environment at a rapid rate of diffusion, dilution, decomposed, recycled, or stored in a harmless form. Pollution can take many forms the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we use to grow our food, the sparkling skies and even the noises we hear every day. , they can all contribute to health problems and may lead to low quality of life. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges. Wild type organisms have a slow degradation rate of hazardous substances. Currently, advanced molecular biology tools along with conventional approaches allow us to rapidly degrade or deposit hazardous materials from the atmosphere. In a developing country like India, the use of environmental standards as a decision making criterion should be properly evaluated. If the norms of developed countries apply in India, the cost would be much higher. Thus, the selected parameters should be suited to the economic condition of the country. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Haemophiluspa that were found in petrochemical waste disposal sites contaminated with phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorine, pyrene, and asenaphthene showed a 70 -100 drop in PAHs over 40 days. Dr. Renu Durgapal "The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollution" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47696.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/47696/the-major-environmental-problems-related-to-pollution/dr-renu-durgapal
Environmental problem is a major problem in Bangladesh. People don't take this matter seriously like poor country whether other developed countries are taken necessary steps to protect their environment. In this slide presentation, we want to discuss about causes, effects, government steps & various ways to protect our environment. Hope, you'll enjoy this presentation. Thank you All.
Summery - X - Striving for better Environment Part II Ednexa
The document discusses sustainable development and environmental protection in India. It outlines several objectives of sustainable development including reducing pollution, restraining natural resource use, protecting the environment, and ensuring social equality and continuous economic growth. It then describes various Indian laws and acts related to environmental protection, such as the Water Act, Air Act, Environment Protection Act, and waste management rules. The document emphasizes that sustainable development and environmental conservation should go hand in hand. Protection of the environment is a shared responsibility of the public, governments, and private sector.
Industrialization has led to rapid economic growth in Pakistan but has also caused significant environmental degradation. Major industries like steel, cement and petrochemicals release large amounts of air pollutants including CO2, SO2, NOx, and PM. Untreated industrial wastewater is discharged into water bodies, polluting sources of drinking water. This has negatively impacted human health and ecosystems. While Pakistan has implemented some environmental laws and regulations, lack of enforcement means industrial pollution continues without proper control measures. Recommendations include stricter emission standards, charges for polluters, and command-and-control regulations to reduce the adverse effects of industrialization on Pakistan's environment.
This Project is on environmental studies which topic is Pollution.
In this Project includes Air, Water, Noise, and Soil Pollution. This Project is also shows some creativity work on Project.
This document summarizes air quality and health issues related to air pollution in India. It finds that air quality has degraded significantly due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and increased energy consumption and vehicles. Air pollution levels exceed safety limits in many cities like Delhi and are linked to thousands of premature deaths annually from respiratory and cardiac diseases. Studies show the lung health of Indians is the worst globally and conditions like asthma and COPD are on the rise, especially in children living in highly polluted cities. Indoor air pollution from cooking fuels is also a major health concern for women in India.
Air Pollution: A New Approach on Global WarmingIJLT EMAS
In a move to curb pollution from the coal- based
power sector. The Union Ministry of Environment ,Forest and
Climate change(MOEF&CC) had announced new emission
limits for power stations ,both existing and upcoming. The
enhanced pace of developmental activities after industrial
revolution i.e. 18th century and rapid urbanization have resulted
in stress on natural resources and quality of life. Pollution is now
a common place term that our ears are attuned to. We hear
about the various forms of pollution and read about it through
the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A
physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the
atmosphere can be termed as pollution. Thus air pollutants are
substances emitted into the air from an anthropogenic, biogenic,
or geogenic source, that is either not part of natural atmosphere
or is present in higher concentrations than the natural
atmosphere, and may cause a short term or long term adverse
effect. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into
the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and
humans to survive as the air becomes dirty. A WHO report
released in May 2014 showed that most of Indian cities are death
traps due to very high air pollution levels. The urban air quality
database of WHO, covering 1600 cities across 91 countries
showed that Indian cities are among those with highest levels of
(Particulate Matter) PM 10 and PM 2.5 and less. Black carbon is
also a kind of particulate matter, responsible for global warming.
The document outlines an assignment to write a 2,000-word essay investigating the social costs of business by examining a case of environmental and social damages caused by a corporation. Students are asked to analyze the ethical dimensions and impacts, both physical and monetary, as well as potential solutions. The impacts can include air, water, noise and other types of pollution damaging agriculture, health, and materials. Solutions may involve reducing energy use, government regulations, consumer support for responsible companies, and policies promoting cleaner transportation.
The document discusses air pollution from transportation sources and responses to address it. It examines the causes of air pollution, effects on health, and regulations in India and the UK to control emissions and transition to electric vehicles. Specifically, it outlines the UK's plan to ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars and vans by 2030 and India's goal to shift completely to electric vehicles by 2030 in order to reduce pollution and become a leader in electric vehicle manufacturing.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF INDIAN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OVER THE PAST, PRESENT AND...civej
Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been a grave issue all over the world. The conventional
environment friendly techniques adopted to tackle the matter is turning futile owing to the appalling
increase in the waste generation rate. The resultant environmental and health hazards emphasise the need
for a more rapid solution. An apt and quick response to India’s mounting waste management and energy
demand crisesis the promotion and execution of waste to energy technologies. Although the MSW
composition and characteristics in the past have been unfavourable for the successful implementation of
waste to energy thermal facilities, there have been variations in the waste characteristics of late, in this
regard. Inert fraction which constituted almost 50% of the Indian MSW in the 1970s reduced by 30-40%by
the early 2000s, making energy recovery facilities an economically and environmentally feasible option.
The varying trends in MSW characteristics in India are analysed and its implications on the thermal energy
recovery techniques are investigated.
The document discusses China's major environmental issues resulting from rapid industrialization and economic growth, including air and water pollution, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change impacts. It outlines the government's responses over time, from early recognition of problems to increased regulation and spending on environmental protection. However, challenges remain due to the central role of economic development and difficulties enforcing policies at the local level.
Environmental issues in Delhi threaten the health and well-being of its inhabitants and wildlife. The city suffers from severe air and water pollution. During autumn and winter, crop burning results in smoke and air pollution blowing over Delhi. The Yamuna River, which Delhi depends on for water, is heavily polluted with dissolved oxygen levels and coliform bacteria counts far exceeding acceptable levels due to waste and sewage entering the river. Air pollution is caused mainly by industry and traffic, and may cause thousands of premature deaths annually. Overpopulation and resource overuse put heavy pressure on Delhi's environment.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on using ornamental plants to improve air quality in cities. It discusses the importance of air quality to human and plant health, sources and types of air pollution, effects of air pollution on people and plants, and criteria for selecting plant species well-suited for controlling urban air pollution. It provides examples of research assessing how urban trees and greenery remove air pollutants. The document concludes that strategic planting of indigenous, pollution-tolerant species can help clean the air and create healthier urban environments.
Environmental impacts of coronavirus crisis, challenges aheadAnup Bajracharya
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of the coronavirus crisis and lockdowns. It notes that air pollution decreased in many cities around the world as emissions from vehicles and industry declined. Studies found significant reductions in particulate matter levels. However, issues with improper disposal of pandemic waste including used masks and gloves emerged, and threats to ecosystems increased as environmental protection workers were unable to monitor protected areas. Overall, lockdowns provided evidence that air quality can improve with reduced activity, but long-term change requires ongoing efforts.
Pollution, environmental contaminants have affected air, water and people’s health in China. Opening of the borders lead to rapid industrialization in the country. These brisk developments lead to a number of pollutants in the atmosphere. It affected the mortality and quality of life to the average citizens. By 2005 this issue of pollution had been discussed in detail by media (Eaton & Kostka, 2014). The government has undertaken a number of efforts in order to deal with pollution. However the citizens have resorted to a number of means to explain that more action is needed. There have been peaceful and radical protests initiated by the citizens to tackle the issue of pollution and the means of restoration of the environment by the government. The report concludes by saying more efforts needs to be taken by the government. Transparency and inclusion of all the stakeholders to deal with this issue has been suggested as future ways to tackle the issue of pollution by the government.
Generation of Electricity Through A Non-Municipal Solid Waste Heat From An In...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Energy production, waste disposal, and pollution minimization are key problems that must be addressed for sustainable cities of the environment. Waste management has become a major concern worldwide, and incineration is now being used increasingly to treat waste that cannot be recycled economically. The total heat content of non- municipal waste varies from countries to countries. The tonnage of generation in Nigeria is expected to soar over the next few years and the exploitation of this renewable energy locked up in urban solid municipal waste into grid energy can be taken advantage off.The heat generated from this incinerated plant can be used to generate electricity which will reduce overdependence on fossil fuel and the use of generator which in turn reduces pollution disposal of this waste is incinerated plant for the production of electricity. Hence, this paper intends to review the nonmunicipal waste potential in Nigeria, evaluate its environment and economic cost, and energy content of municipal solid waste deposits in Nigeria.
The document discusses how Asia's economic growth over the past two decades has come at enormous costs to the environment. Asia is now seeing the effects of global warming through prolonged droughts, more intense typhoons, coral reef bleaching, and disappearing wetlands. While lifting millions out of poverty, continued reliance on fossil fuels is exacerbating global warming and pollution is degrading air quality in many Asian cities. Experts warn that unchecked environmental degradation risks reversing economic gains and worsening quality of life across the region if more sustainable growth models are not adopted soon.
Air pollution is a major public health issue in India, especially in Delhi which has the dirtiest air of any city worldwide according to WHO. Chronic exposure to air pollution significantly increases health risks and diseases like asthma and COPD. While people spend most of their time indoors, indoor air can be 3-5 times more polluted than outdoor air. New technologies like PHIO+ and CPT can effectively purify indoor air and improve health by generating oxidizing ions and plasma to eliminate pollutants, microbes, and odors while also saving energy. These technologies can help maintain healthy indoor air quality in homes and buildings.
South Asian cities face major challenges of air pollution, health impacts, and congestion due to rapid urbanization and a toxic model of urban growth. Several cities in India and Sri Lanka have taken initial steps to address air quality such as introducing cleaner fuel standards, expanding monitoring networks, and strengthening emissions regulations for vehicles and industry. However, more stringent and enforceable standards, accountability measures, and priority on public health are still needed across South Asia to achieve clean air goals and ensure citizens' right to clean air.
Major environmental issues in India stem from uncontrolled urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion which have led to problems like land and forest degradation, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and poor water and sanitation. India faces high levels of pollution, including over 400 million people living along the heavily contaminated Ganges River. Widespread deforestation since British colonialism has exacerbated issues like soil erosion, reduced air quality, and changed weather patterns. India's large population and growing economy have further strained land and resources, worsening problems like habitat destruction, air pollution, and water scarcity. Improved conservation efforts and more sustainable development are needed to address the country's serious environmental issues.
An assessment of environmental impacts of building construction projectsAlexander Decker
This document discusses an assessment of the environmental impacts of building construction projects in Nigeria. It begins by providing background on the threats construction poses to the environment, including pollution, resource depletion, and habitat destruction. The study analyzed data from industry stakeholders to identify major environmental impacts. It found the top impacts were environmental pollution, resource depletion, and habitat destruction, specifically destruction of ecosystems, desertification, soil erosion, and increased waste. Waste management, pollution control, and ecology conservation were ranked as the most important environmental protection measures. The study concludes building projects must fully adopt environmental impact assessments and regulations to reduce degradation, and regulatory agencies should continue educating stakeholders on best practices.
This document discusses a study that estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds from solid waste burning in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Samples of solid waste were collected from 20 dump sites and characterized. The amount of solid waste generated per person was estimated from 2002 to 2011 based on population data. Emission rates of the pollutants were then calculated using an emission factor approach, showing an increasing trend over that period. Control of these emissions is important due to their environmental impacts.
The document discusses the design of biofiltration systems for nitrification in recirculating aquaculture. It describes the nitrogen cycle and key roles of nitrosomonas and nitrobacter bacteria in converting ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate. The start-up curve shows increasing nitrate levels over time as the bacteria populations grow. Maintaining optimal pH, alkalinity, oxygen, and temperature are important for effective nitrification.
The bulk of the world's fish meal and oil is today manufactured by the wet pressing method. The main steps of the process are cooking for coagulation of the protein thereby liberating bound water and oil, separation by pressing of the coagulate yielding a solid phase (press cake) containing 60-80% of the oil-free dry matter (protein, bones) and oil, and a liquid phase (press liquor) containing water and the rest of the solids (oil, dissolved and suspended protein, vitamins and minerals).
This document summarizes air quality and health issues related to air pollution in India. It finds that air quality has degraded significantly due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and increased energy consumption and vehicles. Air pollution levels exceed safety limits in many cities like Delhi and are linked to thousands of premature deaths annually from respiratory and cardiac diseases. Studies show the lung health of Indians is the worst globally and conditions like asthma and COPD are on the rise, especially in children living in highly polluted cities. Indoor air pollution from cooking fuels is also a major health concern for women in India.
Air Pollution: A New Approach on Global WarmingIJLT EMAS
In a move to curb pollution from the coal- based
power sector. The Union Ministry of Environment ,Forest and
Climate change(MOEF&CC) had announced new emission
limits for power stations ,both existing and upcoming. The
enhanced pace of developmental activities after industrial
revolution i.e. 18th century and rapid urbanization have resulted
in stress on natural resources and quality of life. Pollution is now
a common place term that our ears are attuned to. We hear
about the various forms of pollution and read about it through
the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A
physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the
atmosphere can be termed as pollution. Thus air pollutants are
substances emitted into the air from an anthropogenic, biogenic,
or geogenic source, that is either not part of natural atmosphere
or is present in higher concentrations than the natural
atmosphere, and may cause a short term or long term adverse
effect. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into
the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and
humans to survive as the air becomes dirty. A WHO report
released in May 2014 showed that most of Indian cities are death
traps due to very high air pollution levels. The urban air quality
database of WHO, covering 1600 cities across 91 countries
showed that Indian cities are among those with highest levels of
(Particulate Matter) PM 10 and PM 2.5 and less. Black carbon is
also a kind of particulate matter, responsible for global warming.
The document outlines an assignment to write a 2,000-word essay investigating the social costs of business by examining a case of environmental and social damages caused by a corporation. Students are asked to analyze the ethical dimensions and impacts, both physical and monetary, as well as potential solutions. The impacts can include air, water, noise and other types of pollution damaging agriculture, health, and materials. Solutions may involve reducing energy use, government regulations, consumer support for responsible companies, and policies promoting cleaner transportation.
The document discusses air pollution from transportation sources and responses to address it. It examines the causes of air pollution, effects on health, and regulations in India and the UK to control emissions and transition to electric vehicles. Specifically, it outlines the UK's plan to ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars and vans by 2030 and India's goal to shift completely to electric vehicles by 2030 in order to reduce pollution and become a leader in electric vehicle manufacturing.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF INDIAN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OVER THE PAST, PRESENT AND...civej
Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been a grave issue all over the world. The conventional
environment friendly techniques adopted to tackle the matter is turning futile owing to the appalling
increase in the waste generation rate. The resultant environmental and health hazards emphasise the need
for a more rapid solution. An apt and quick response to India’s mounting waste management and energy
demand crisesis the promotion and execution of waste to energy technologies. Although the MSW
composition and characteristics in the past have been unfavourable for the successful implementation of
waste to energy thermal facilities, there have been variations in the waste characteristics of late, in this
regard. Inert fraction which constituted almost 50% of the Indian MSW in the 1970s reduced by 30-40%by
the early 2000s, making energy recovery facilities an economically and environmentally feasible option.
The varying trends in MSW characteristics in India are analysed and its implications on the thermal energy
recovery techniques are investigated.
The document discusses China's major environmental issues resulting from rapid industrialization and economic growth, including air and water pollution, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change impacts. It outlines the government's responses over time, from early recognition of problems to increased regulation and spending on environmental protection. However, challenges remain due to the central role of economic development and difficulties enforcing policies at the local level.
Environmental issues in Delhi threaten the health and well-being of its inhabitants and wildlife. The city suffers from severe air and water pollution. During autumn and winter, crop burning results in smoke and air pollution blowing over Delhi. The Yamuna River, which Delhi depends on for water, is heavily polluted with dissolved oxygen levels and coliform bacteria counts far exceeding acceptable levels due to waste and sewage entering the river. Air pollution is caused mainly by industry and traffic, and may cause thousands of premature deaths annually. Overpopulation and resource overuse put heavy pressure on Delhi's environment.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on using ornamental plants to improve air quality in cities. It discusses the importance of air quality to human and plant health, sources and types of air pollution, effects of air pollution on people and plants, and criteria for selecting plant species well-suited for controlling urban air pollution. It provides examples of research assessing how urban trees and greenery remove air pollutants. The document concludes that strategic planting of indigenous, pollution-tolerant species can help clean the air and create healthier urban environments.
Environmental impacts of coronavirus crisis, challenges aheadAnup Bajracharya
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of the coronavirus crisis and lockdowns. It notes that air pollution decreased in many cities around the world as emissions from vehicles and industry declined. Studies found significant reductions in particulate matter levels. However, issues with improper disposal of pandemic waste including used masks and gloves emerged, and threats to ecosystems increased as environmental protection workers were unable to monitor protected areas. Overall, lockdowns provided evidence that air quality can improve with reduced activity, but long-term change requires ongoing efforts.
Pollution, environmental contaminants have affected air, water and people’s health in China. Opening of the borders lead to rapid industrialization in the country. These brisk developments lead to a number of pollutants in the atmosphere. It affected the mortality and quality of life to the average citizens. By 2005 this issue of pollution had been discussed in detail by media (Eaton & Kostka, 2014). The government has undertaken a number of efforts in order to deal with pollution. However the citizens have resorted to a number of means to explain that more action is needed. There have been peaceful and radical protests initiated by the citizens to tackle the issue of pollution and the means of restoration of the environment by the government. The report concludes by saying more efforts needs to be taken by the government. Transparency and inclusion of all the stakeholders to deal with this issue has been suggested as future ways to tackle the issue of pollution by the government.
Generation of Electricity Through A Non-Municipal Solid Waste Heat From An In...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Energy production, waste disposal, and pollution minimization are key problems that must be addressed for sustainable cities of the environment. Waste management has become a major concern worldwide, and incineration is now being used increasingly to treat waste that cannot be recycled economically. The total heat content of non- municipal waste varies from countries to countries. The tonnage of generation in Nigeria is expected to soar over the next few years and the exploitation of this renewable energy locked up in urban solid municipal waste into grid energy can be taken advantage off.The heat generated from this incinerated plant can be used to generate electricity which will reduce overdependence on fossil fuel and the use of generator which in turn reduces pollution disposal of this waste is incinerated plant for the production of electricity. Hence, this paper intends to review the nonmunicipal waste potential in Nigeria, evaluate its environment and economic cost, and energy content of municipal solid waste deposits in Nigeria.
The document discusses how Asia's economic growth over the past two decades has come at enormous costs to the environment. Asia is now seeing the effects of global warming through prolonged droughts, more intense typhoons, coral reef bleaching, and disappearing wetlands. While lifting millions out of poverty, continued reliance on fossil fuels is exacerbating global warming and pollution is degrading air quality in many Asian cities. Experts warn that unchecked environmental degradation risks reversing economic gains and worsening quality of life across the region if more sustainable growth models are not adopted soon.
Air pollution is a major public health issue in India, especially in Delhi which has the dirtiest air of any city worldwide according to WHO. Chronic exposure to air pollution significantly increases health risks and diseases like asthma and COPD. While people spend most of their time indoors, indoor air can be 3-5 times more polluted than outdoor air. New technologies like PHIO+ and CPT can effectively purify indoor air and improve health by generating oxidizing ions and plasma to eliminate pollutants, microbes, and odors while also saving energy. These technologies can help maintain healthy indoor air quality in homes and buildings.
South Asian cities face major challenges of air pollution, health impacts, and congestion due to rapid urbanization and a toxic model of urban growth. Several cities in India and Sri Lanka have taken initial steps to address air quality such as introducing cleaner fuel standards, expanding monitoring networks, and strengthening emissions regulations for vehicles and industry. However, more stringent and enforceable standards, accountability measures, and priority on public health are still needed across South Asia to achieve clean air goals and ensure citizens' right to clean air.
Major environmental issues in India stem from uncontrolled urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion which have led to problems like land and forest degradation, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and poor water and sanitation. India faces high levels of pollution, including over 400 million people living along the heavily contaminated Ganges River. Widespread deforestation since British colonialism has exacerbated issues like soil erosion, reduced air quality, and changed weather patterns. India's large population and growing economy have further strained land and resources, worsening problems like habitat destruction, air pollution, and water scarcity. Improved conservation efforts and more sustainable development are needed to address the country's serious environmental issues.
An assessment of environmental impacts of building construction projectsAlexander Decker
This document discusses an assessment of the environmental impacts of building construction projects in Nigeria. It begins by providing background on the threats construction poses to the environment, including pollution, resource depletion, and habitat destruction. The study analyzed data from industry stakeholders to identify major environmental impacts. It found the top impacts were environmental pollution, resource depletion, and habitat destruction, specifically destruction of ecosystems, desertification, soil erosion, and increased waste. Waste management, pollution control, and ecology conservation were ranked as the most important environmental protection measures. The study concludes building projects must fully adopt environmental impact assessments and regulations to reduce degradation, and regulatory agencies should continue educating stakeholders on best practices.
This document discusses a study that estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds from solid waste burning in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Samples of solid waste were collected from 20 dump sites and characterized. The amount of solid waste generated per person was estimated from 2002 to 2011 based on population data. Emission rates of the pollutants were then calculated using an emission factor approach, showing an increasing trend over that period. Control of these emissions is important due to their environmental impacts.
The document discusses the design of biofiltration systems for nitrification in recirculating aquaculture. It describes the nitrogen cycle and key roles of nitrosomonas and nitrobacter bacteria in converting ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate. The start-up curve shows increasing nitrate levels over time as the bacteria populations grow. Maintaining optimal pH, alkalinity, oxygen, and temperature are important for effective nitrification.
The bulk of the world's fish meal and oil is today manufactured by the wet pressing method. The main steps of the process are cooking for coagulation of the protein thereby liberating bound water and oil, separation by pressing of the coagulate yielding a solid phase (press cake) containing 60-80% of the oil-free dry matter (protein, bones) and oil, and a liquid phase (press liquor) containing water and the rest of the solids (oil, dissolved and suspended protein, vitamins and minerals).
A practical guide to nutrition,feeds and feeding of catfishkaybestolas
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There are many environmental issues facing India including air pollution, water pollution, improper waste management, and degradation of land and forests. Major sources of air pollution include biomass burning for cooking and heating, crop residue burning, and vehicle emissions. Water pollution is caused by untreated sewage and agricultural/industrial runoff. Solid waste management is inadequate and trash litters public areas. The population adds additional pressure, though higher population densities exist in other countries with better environmental quality. While laws and organizations aim to address these problems, India still has a long way to go to improve its environment.
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environmental issue are the major problem in our India and it is our major responsibility to identify all environmental issue and try to overcome it and make our country a sustainable, clean and green country .
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The document discusses India's poor environmental performance and various environmental challenges facing the country. It notes that India ranked 177 out of 180 countries on the 2018 Environmental Performance Index, indicating serious issues with air quality, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the key environmental problems in India include population growth putting pressure on resources, poverty exacerbating degradation, unsustainable agricultural practices, water pollution, deforestation, and air pollution. The government has implemented various laws and initiatives like the Clean India mission to address these issues, but environmental quality still declined until reforms began in the 1990s. Improved forestation and campaigns raise awareness of sustainable development and environmental protection needs. The document calls for ongoing individual and policy efforts to make India gre
Pollution is one of the biggest problems facing the environment today and is a leading cause of death. Air and water pollution has affected the environment for many years, causing diseases in people, especially children. The document examines early childhood growth in Australia and Tanzania, discussing how clean or polluted the air and water is in each country and the effects of limited access to clean water and primary needs on children's lives and development. It also discusses how air pollution can cause chronic health issues in children.
Climate change is causing the Earth's atmosphere to warm dangerously due to increased carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels. If emissions are not reduced, the planet will experience extreme weather, rising sea levels, and more frequent severe storms. Various human activities also cause other types of pollution like air, water, soil, noise, light pollution which harm both the environment and human health. Both India and the United Arab Emirates face issues with air, water, and noise pollution resulting from industry, vehicles, construction, and urban development, though authorities in both countries have taken steps to curb pollution and protect the environment.
Major environmental issues in India include land degradation, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. Rapid population growth and economic development are contributing to increased pressure on natural resources through urbanization, industrialization, and intensive agriculture. As India's population continues to rise, these factors will exacerbate issues like water scarcity, soil erosion, deforestation, and air and water pollution. Economic development can also influence the impacts of pollution - in China, the elderly in more developed urban areas have worse health outcomes in response to air pollution compared to less developed areas.
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Pollution is a major problem in India that affects the environment and public health. Several forms of pollution are discussed, including air, water, soil, noise, light, and climate change. Air pollution in Indian cities exceeds safety limits for pollutants like SO2 and SPM. Water pollution is also a significant issue due to untreated sewage. The Supreme Court has intervened on noise pollution and the government has set pollution level standards. Pollution can be reduced by addressing sources like vehicular emissions through policies like using public transit. Reforestation efforts may also help address some forms of pollution.
This document discusses air pollution as a major environmental concern. It describes how industrialization and urbanization in developing countries like China and India has increased air pollution due to reliance on coal and inadequate infrastructure. Indoor air pollution from burning biomass for cooking also causes millions of deaths annually. The document outlines health impacts of air pollution like decreased IQ, respiratory diseases, and cancer. It proposes developing sustainable cities and green technologies like "super trees" and green buildings to help reduce air pollution and its effects.
The document discusses air pollution in Bangladesh. It states that Bangladesh has the 4th worst air quality out of 92 countries according to the WHO. Air pollution kills an estimated 15,000 Bangladeshis each year. In rural areas, brick kilns and cooking stoves are major polluters, while in cities industrial emissions and vehicles are primary sources of pollution. Common air pollutants in Bangladesh include particulate matter from traffic jams and industrial emissions. Air pollution causes many health and environmental issues for Bangladeshis. Efforts are needed to control air pollution in the country.
This document summarizes the key issues related to air pollution in India. It discusses how air pollution has become a major public health problem in India, with most cities failing to meet WHO air quality guidelines. The major causes of air pollution are discussed, including vehicular emissions, coal-fired power plants, biomass burning, and crop burning. The impacts of air pollution are also analyzed, including increased deaths, reduced agricultural yields, and an economic cost of 3% of India's GDP. The document then outlines several key initiatives and policy measures the Indian government has taken to address air pollution, such as introducing stricter emission and fuel standards, promoting cleaner vehicles and public transport, deploying improved cookstoves, and increasing renewable energy
This document provides an overview of sustainable development in China. It discusses key facts about China's population, resources, and environmental issues. It outlines the government's role in sustainable development legislation and initiatives. It also discusses the business role and responsibilities in implementing sustainable practices in China to balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity.
Ecology used to be ingrained in Indian culture and governance, but it has faded from priorities in recent decades, leading to major ecological challenges. India faces issues like air pollution, water scarcity, and food insecurity that stem from environmental degradation. However, sustainable development is possible through policies promoting resource efficiency, renewable energy, reducing pollution and waste. Regional cooperation on sustainable resource management could also help address issues like malnutrition.
Overpopulation in India has led to several environmental problems. It is the root cause of issues like food shortage, water scarcity, increased pollution, and deforestation. The high population growth is attributed to factors such as declining death rates, poverty, illiteracy and lack of family planning programs. Measures to control overpopulation include increasing female education, employment opportunities, and implementing policies like the two-child norm along with better access to contraceptives. Addressing the root causes of overpopulation can help curb its effects and promote sustainable development.
Environmental degradation is caused by factors like population growth, poverty, urbanization, modern agriculture, industrialization, and transportation. It leads to issues like loss of biodiversity, ozone layer depletion, and negative economic and health impacts. Some solutions proposed are increasing environmental awareness, controlling population growth, strictly enforcing environmental laws, reducing pollution from industries and agriculture, increasing afforestation, better management of solid and liquid waste, and promoting reduce, reuse, recycle lifestyles. Governments, organizations and individuals must work together to address the risks of environmental degradation.
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11.effect of pollution on common man in india
1. Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-7181 (Paper) ISSN 2225-062X (Online)
Vol 4, 2012
Effect of Pollution on Common Man in India: A Legal
Perspective
Arshdeep Singh* Jaypreet Singh Kohli
BBA.LLB 2009-14, College Of Legal Studies, University Of Petroleum And Energy Studies,
Dehradun – 248006, India
* E-mail of the corresponding author: arsh9191@gmail.com
Abstract
The present generation and the coming generations have to solve three grave problems, namely, population,
poverty and pollution if they have to survive. We will focus ourselves on pollution for now. The
environmental problems in India are growing rapidly. The increasing economic development and a rapidly
growing population that has taken the country from 300 million people in 1947 to more than one billion
people today is putting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the country’s natural resources.
Industrial pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and land degradation
are all worsening problems for our country. Overexploitation of the country's resources, be it land or water
and the industrialization process has resulted environmental degradation of resources. Environmental
pollution is one of the most serious problems that is facing humanity and other life forms on our planet
today. It is no longer a new or surprising fact that mankind has actually brought the Earth to the brink of
disaster. Man’s suicidal actions will soon turn this wonderful planet into a lifeless and hostile planet. The
ill-effects of ever-growing population and urbanization have already been seen, felt and realized to some
extent in different circles. Today, the air we breathe, the water we drink and the land on which we grow
our food, have been poisoned. Numerous problems like ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect, global
climatic changes, depletion of ground water levels, drinking water crises, etc. are all plaguing the Earth
today in the twenty-first century and posing serious threats to the survival as well as the very existence of
the human race on this Earth. Industrialization and urbanisation have resulted in a profound deterioration
of India’s living quality. Out of the 3 million premature deaths that occur in the world each year due to
pollution, the highest number are assessed to occur in India. According to the World Health Organization,
the country of India is one of the top ten polluted countries in the world. According to another study, while
India’s Gross Domestic Product has increased 2.5 times over the past two decades, while the pollution has
quadrupled in the same period. Through the paper we will be throwing light on various forms of pollution
prevalent in India and their effect on the common man of the country. And the measures that can be used to
curb the pollution and minimize the effect of pollution on the people.
Mahatma Gandhi had said that nature has enough to satisfy everyone’s need but has not enough to satisfy
man’s greed. Sadly our ever-expanding greed has put us in such precarious situation that we face today.
Keywords: Pollution, Law, Environment, People, Legal Perspective
1. Introduction
The environmental problems in India are growing rapidly. The increasing economic development and a
rapidly growing population that has taken the country from 300 million people in 1947 to more than one
billion people today is putting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the country’s natural
resources. Industrial pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and land
degradation are all worsening problems. Over exploitation of the country's resources be it land or water and
the industrialization process has resulted environmental degradation of resources. Environmental pollution
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is one of the most serious problems facing humanity and other life forms on planet today.
With India's population at 1.2 billion people and counting, plus internal economic migration to urban areas
from the countryside, the country's cities are bursting at the seams. Housing shortages, electricity and water
cuts, traffic congestion, pollution and a lack of basic services are the reality for millions. The demographers
are predicting that India will add three to four hundred million new people to its population over the next 40
years
India has been ranked among the top ten worst climate polluters of the world. While India holds the 7th
position, US and China hold the 2nd and 3rd positions respectively. The study has been conducted by
Professor Corey Bradshaw of the University of Adelaide's environment institute in April 2010. The study
yielded the worst ten polluters as Brazil, the US, China, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, India, Russia, Australia
and Peru, in the order.
A new study confirmed on April 11, 2010, with its greenhouse gas emissions growing by more than 3 per
cent annually between 1994-2007. India also is suffering from the effects of global warming such as rising
temperatures and sea levels along its coasts. The study represents the first update to an assessment of India's
air emissions that was done 16 years ago. More than 80 scientists from 17 institutions across India were
involved in the study, said Jairam Ramesh, India's environment minister.
On 11 March, 2010 Mr Jairam Ramesh Minister of State for Environment and Forests informed the Rajya
Sabha that the Central Pollution Control Board has done a nationwide environmental assessment of
Industrial Clusters based on CEPI and 43 such industrial clusters having CEPI greater than 70, on a scale of
0 to 100, has been identified as critically polluted.
A Comprehensive environmental assessment of industrial clusters, undertaken by IIT Delhi and the CPCB,
found that the environmental pollution levels in 10 major industrial hubs had reached a “very alarmingly
high” level. This list includes Ankleshwar and Vapi in Gujarat , Ghaziabad and Singrauli in UP, Korba
(Chhattisgarh), Chandrapur (Maharashtra), Ludhiana (Punjab), Vellore (Tamil Nadu), Bhiwadi (Rajasthan)
and Angul Talcher (Orissa).
India’s environmental problems are exacerbated by its heavy reliance on coal for power generation. Coal
supplies more than half of the country’s energy needs and is used for nearly three-quarters of electricity
generation. While India is fortunate to have abundant reserves of coal to power economic development, the
burning of this resource, especially given the high ash content of India’s coal, has come at a cost in terms of
heightened public risk and environmental degradation. Reliance on coal as the major energy source has led
to a nine-fold jump in carbon emissions over the past forty years.
2. Types of Pollution Prevalent In India
a) Air Pollution
Industrialization and urbanization have resulted in a profound deterioration of India's air quality. Of the 3
million premature deaths in the world that occur each year due to outdoor and indoor air pollution, the
highest number are assessed to occur in India. According to the World Health Organization, the capital city
of New Delhi is one of the top ten most polluted cities in the world. Surveys indicate that in New Delhi the
incidence of respiratory diseases due to air pollution is about 12 times the national average.
According to another study, while India's gross domestic product has increased 2.5 times over the past two
decades, vehicular pollution has increased eight times, while pollution from industries has quadrupled.
Sources of air pollution, India's most severe environmental problem, come in several forms, including
vehicular emissions and untreated industrial smoke. Apart from rapid industrialization, urbanization has
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resulted in the emergence of industrial centres without a corresponding growth in civic amenities and
pollution control mechanisms.
Regulatory reforms aimed at improving the air pollution problem in cities such as New Delhi have been
quite difficult to implement, however. For example, India's Supreme Court recently lifted a ruling that it
imposed two years ago which required all public transport vehicles in New Delhi to switch to compressed
natural gas (CNG) engines by April 1, 2001. This ruling, however, led to the disappearance of some 15,000
taxis and 10,000 buses from the city, creating public protests, riots, and widespread "commuter chaos." The
court was similarly unsuccessful in 2000, when it attempted to ban all public vehicles that were more than
15 years old and ordered the introduction of unleaded gasoline and CNG. India's high concentration of
pollution is not due to a lack of effort in building a sound environmental legal regime, but rather to a lack of
enforcement at the local level. Efforts are currently underway to change this as new specifications are being
adopted for auto emissions, which currently account for approximately 70% of air pollution. In the absence
of coordinated government efforts, including stricter enforcement, this figure is likely to rise in the coming
years due to the sheer increase in vehicle ownership.
b) Waste and Water Pollution
Water pollution has many sources. The most polluting of them are the city sewage and industrial waste
discharged into the rivers. The facilities to treat waste water are not adequate in any city in India. Presently,
only about 10% of the waste water generated is treated; the rest is discharged as it is into our water bodies.
Due to this, pollutants enter groundwater, rivers, and other water bodies. Such water, which ultimately ends
up in our households, is often highly contaminated and carries disease-causing microbes. Agricultural
run-off, or the water from the fields that drains into rivers, is another major water pollutant as it contains
fertilizers and pesticides.
c) Noise Pollution
Broadly speaking, the noise pollution has two sources, i.e. industrial and non- industrial. The industrial
source includes the noise from various industries and big machines working at a very high speed and high
noise intensity. Non- industrial source of noise includes the noise created by transport/vehicular traffic and
the neighbourhood noise generated by various noise pollution can also be divided in the categories , namely,
natural and manmade. Most leading noise sources will fall into the following categories: roads traffic,
aircraft, railroads, construction, industry, noise in buildings, and consumer productise Pollution.
3. Constitutional Provisions For Environmental Protection
Strictly, speaking no constitution deals with a matter such as environmental protection. Because basically
any constitution contains only the rules of laws in relation to the power structure, allocation, and manner of
exercise. Besides Indian Constitution is already a bulky document and brevity is the character of an ideal
Constitution. Hence from the point of view .of the principles of the constitutional law as well as, the length
of the Constitution it was impossible to have any such provision safeguarding the healthy environment.
Therefore till the subsequent amendments the constitutional text of India, was without any specific
provision for the protection and promotion of the environment. However the seeds of such provision could
be seen in Article 47 of the constitution which command the State to improve the standard of living
and public health. To fulfil this constitutional goal, its necessary that the State should provide pollution free
environment.
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To comply with the principles of the Stockholm Declarations adopted by the International Conference on
Human Environment in 1972, the Government of India, by the Constitution 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
made the express provision for the protection and promotion of the environment, by the introduction of
Article 48-A and 51-A(g) which form the part Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental
Duties respectively. The amendment provided for the following:
(1) Article 48 A: By the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, Section 10 (w.e.f. 3.1.1977). Protection and
improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life:- "The State shall endeavour to
protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forest and wildlife of the country".
(2) Fundamental Duty
(I) Article 51-A(g) : By Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976. Section 11 (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)
Thus the Indian Constitution makes two fold provisions.
(a) On the one hand, it gives directive to the State for the protection and
improvement of environment.
(b) On the other hand the citizens owe a constitutional duty to protect and improve natural environment.
In protecting the natural environment Article 48-A is of immense importance today. Because with the
activist approach of judiciary in India the legal value of Directive Principles jurisprudence has constantly
grown up in the Indian Constitutional set-up. Hence the .above provisions are of pivotal significance.
The constitutional changes effected in the 7th Schedule by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 is a milestone
steps, in the direction of the protection of environment. Because the subject of forests originally was in the
State list as entry 19, this resulted into no uniform policy by the State so as to protect the forests. By placing
the item 'forest' now in the concurrent list by the entry 17-A, along with the State, Parliament has acquired a
law making power.
4. Environment and the Law
At one time the environment was thought to be all about aesthetically pleasing scenes and beautiful
surroundings; the law had little to do with it then. Then it became a question of the quality of our lives - the
air we breathe, the water we drink, the state of our forests, hills and seas; the law then moved in as the need
was felt for controls and regulation. I dare to say that now the environment has become an issue of survival
- cities have become gas chambers, rivers are carriers of untreated sewage and industrial effluent, the earth
a dumping ground for hazardous waste. Mankind's capacity to be oblivious to the consequences of its acts
seems limitless.
It has been said, and not without justification, that the law is twenty years behind society. In its response .to
the environmental threat, however, the law, in part measure, has responded creditably. International
Declarations such as Stockholm and Rio have galvanized national legislatures, and we have produced a
good body of statutes to deal with air and water pollution and disposal of hazardous wastes.
Sadly, the growth of law and improvement on the ground seem not to have a direct co-relation; cynics
would say its an inverse ratio. We need to reflect on this fundamental problem - that our age, supposedly
more civilized than before, has little voluntary compliance; and even when laws are passed to guide society
into appropriate modes of interactive behaviour, these are not observed; and its only when punitive action is
imminent and the threat of personal loss and hardship is at the door do many people act in consonance with
what has been formulated for the general good.
So it comes down to this, whether in the field of environment or any other social aspect that the law deals
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with - the important aspect, the determining one, the litmus test is the efficacy of enforcement and securing
compliance with the law. Much more attention needs to be paid to this than has been the case; otherwise, it
will be the area where good intention and concerned legislation flounder and peter out. We need to closely
and critically look at the realm of enforcement; that may well result in quite some change from current
methods, and the adoption of some unusual ones. It is an exercise which we should be keenly engaged in; at
stake is the well-being of our lives and that of the law; indeed, the very survival of both.
5. Need For Better Management Policies
Protecting the environment is a duty we hold in perpetuity. Each generation adds to the foundation, but
finality is an illusion, almost like parallel lines meeting at the horizon: it doesn't happen. But still we need
to look to the horizon and beyond. because that is where the solutions to our new challenges lie. As our
reach should exceed our grasp, so must our vision extend beyond plain view.
Environment is integral to the overall process of development. It includes the relationship and
interdependencies that exist between people and natural resources. Environmental change is thus the
product not only of natural events, but also of the application of development models, practices and
life-styles. In turn any modification of the physical environment has important socioeconomic
consequences that affect the quality of life.
The impact of changes in the physical environment on human well-being became an important public issue
in the mid-1950s, mainly after pollution episodes led to health problems and the disruption of ecological
balances. After the first major international meeting to review the environment the United Nations
Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, June 1972 an "environmental movement" emerged
in both industrial and developing countries. It included the active participation of the public and private
sectors alike.
There have been some remarkable environmental successes over the past few years. However, while there
used to be a long-time horizon for undertaking major environmental policy initiatives, time for a rational,
well-planned transition to a sustainable system is running out fast. Full-scale emergencies now exist on a
number of issues. The world water cycle seems unlikely to be able to cope wink the demands that will be
made of it in the coming decades. Land degradation has reduced fertility and agricultural potential. These
losses have negated many of the advances made through expanding agricultural areas and increasing
productivity-Tropical forest destruction has gone too far to prevent irreversible damage. It would take many
generations to replace the lost forests, and the cultures that have been lost with them can never be replaced.
Many of the planet's species have already been lost or condemned to extinction because of the slow
response times of both the environment and policy-makers; it is too late to preserve all the biodiversity our
planet once had. Many marine fisheries have been grossly over-exploited, and their recovery will be slow.
More than half of the world's coral reefs are threatened by human activities. While some may yet be saved,
it is too late for many others. Urban air pollution problems are reaching crisis dimensions in many of the
megacities of the developing world, and the health of many urban dwellers has been impaired. It is
probably too late to prevent global warming as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions; in addition,
many of the targets agreed on in the Kyoto Protocol may not be met.
6. Conclusion
We have made the law relating to pollution but there is need for creating general awareness towards the
hazardous effects of pollution. Particularly, in our country the people generally lack consciousness of the ill
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effects which pollution creates and how the society including they themselves benefit by preventing
generation and emission of pollution. The target area should be educational institutions and more
particularly school. The young children of impressionable age should be motivated to desist from playing
with firecrackers, use of high sound producing equipment’s and instruments on festivals, religious and
social functions, family get-togethers and celebrations etc. which cause pollution. Suitable chapters can be
added into textbooks, which teach civic sense to the children and teach them how to be good and
responsible citizen which would include learning by heart of various fundamental duties and that would
obliviously include learning not to create pollution and to prevent if generated by others. Holding of special
talks and lectures can be organized in the schools to highlight the menace of pollution and the role of the
children in preventing it. For these purpose the state must pay its role by the support and cooperation of
non-government organisations can be enlisted.
In India environmental statues, though impressive in range, and coverage are more often observed in breach
than in practice. The deterrent theory of punishment employed under strict and absolute liability principle
had achieved some degree of success. Never the less, the search for better and alternative principles of
liability hardly needs as elaboration. Hence mere fixing the standards through legislation will not solve the
problem. There shall proper enforcement as observed by Justice Krishna I year V.R. "it is not how many
laws we are having it is how effectively we are implementing them". Hence it is time to harmonies the
developmental activities with the environment because development is also a very important aspect of life.
For which the environmental regime has to be to counted and strengthen with more expert mechanism to
deal with the longer spectrum of problems hitter or unattended by the law. Primarily meant as guiding
principle for the administrative process to prevent adverse effects on the environment, the precautionary
approach warrants formulation of expert environmental agencies at the initial decision making as well as at
appellate and reviewing levels. Such a step will be undoubtedly a leap forwards towards sustainable
development and augmentation of strong environmental regime.
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10. “legal enforcement of environmental standards”, by parnam prabhakar, (viewed on
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20. the health effects of air pollution in delhi by maureen l. cropper,nathalie b. simon, anna alberini,
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european journal of international law, 2004.
Arshdeep Singh was born in Amritsar, India on 30th March, 1992. Arshdeep Singh is currently
pursuing his 5 year law degree at University Of Petroleum And Energy Studies. He previously
completed his schooling from the prestigious Army Public School, Bhopal, India. He will be
completing his graduation in the year 2014. His basic interests lie in the field of Environmental Laws,
Cyber Laws and Banking and Institutional Laws. He has earlier published a few papers relating to a
various fields of Sports Law, Energy Law And Corporate Governance. One of his paper was also
published by the esteemed International Sports Law Association, Hague, The Netherlands.
Jaypreet Singh Kohli was born in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India on 13th January, 1990. Jaypreet Singh
Kohli is currently pursuing his 5 year law degree at University Of Petroleum And Energy Studies. He
previously completed his schooling from the Swaraj India Public School, Kanpur, India. He will be
completing his graduation in the year 2014. His basic interests lie in the field of Environmental Laws,
Energy Laws and Company Laws. He has earlier published a paper relating to the field of Corporate
Social Responsibility.
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