The document discusses various aspects of text analysis, editing, and processing. It defines text analysis as the computational analysis of unstructured text to extract machine-readable information. It also discusses text editing, word processing, indenting, and bibliography making. The key purpose of text analysis is to structure unstructured text data for further analysis and management. Formatting, styles, and macros are described as important functions of word processors for text manipulation and formatting.

1. T E X T A N A LY S I S
T E X T E D I T I N G
W O R D P R O C E S S I N G
I N D E N T I N G &
B I B L I O G R A P H Y M A K I N G
D R . V M S

2. TEXT ANALYSIS
• Text Analysis is the term describing the very process of
computational analysis of texts
• Text Analysis (TA) aims to extract machine-readable
information from unstructured text in order to enable data-
driven approaches towards managing content.
• To overcome the ambiguity of human language and achieve
high accuracy for a specific domain, TA requires the
development of customized text mining pipelines.

3. TEXT ANALYSIS PROCESS

4. AMBIGUITY IN TEXT ANALYSIS
“RED SOX TAME BULLS”

5. PURPOSE OF TEXT ANALYSIS
• Text Analysis is about parsing texts in order to extract
machine-readable facts from them.
• The purpose of Text Analysis is to create structured data out
of free text content.
• The process can be thought of as slicing and dicing heaps of
unstructured, heterogeneous documents into easy-to-
manage and interpret data pieces.

6. SCOPE OF TEXT ANALYSIS
• Companies use Text Analysis to set the stage for a
data-driven approach towards managing content.
• Used in many data-driven approaches, as the process
extracts machine-readable facts from large bodies of
texts and allows these facts to be further entered
automatically into a database or a spreadsheet.

7. TEXT EDITING
• The ability to change text by adding, deleting and
rearranging letters, words, sentences and paragraphs.
• Text editing is the main operation users perform in
word processors, which typically also handle graphics
and other multimedia files.

8. READ THE TEXT
Reading the text all the way through without
editing.
The goal is to get an idea of what the text is
about, what it involves, where it’s going and so
on.

9. READING SPECIAL CHARACTERS
Fix the typos, fix the punctuation, fix usage and
grammar mistakes, make sure everything follows
style.

10. STRUCTURE
• confirm the structure of the text makes sense.
• to confirm the information in the right order
• Conceptual flow
• Clear explanation
• Finding any incomplete information or missing
concepts

11. CHECKING THE CONTENTS
• Verifying the names and titles.
• Checking the dates and places.
• Check data
• Originality of the information.
• Checking all sources of information.

12. EDITING
• Sentence structure and wording
• Checking the repetitive or confusing word
combinations
• Checking the mechanics of writing

13. REVISING
• Removing redundancies
• Selecting the opt words to suit the structure and
meaning
• Filling in any gaps in the passage, some paragraphs
might need updating

14. WORD PROCESSOR
Word processor is a software or a device that allows
users to create, edit, and print documents. It enables to
write text, store it electronically, display it on a screen,
modify it by entering commands and characters from
the keyboard, and print it.

15. WORD PROCESSING
• Word processing refers generally to the creation,
editing, formatting, storage, and output of both printed
and online or electronic documents.
• Word-processing software includes basic applications
designed for casual business or home users and
powerful, advanced applications capable of meeting the
most-demanding needs of businesses.

16. WORD PROCESSING
• Typically, text is entered into the word processor from a
keyboard; other input methods include:
• Copying text from other applications (such as from hypertext
markup language [HTML] documents, e-mail messages, or
online encyclopedias) and pasting it into a word-processing
document
• Scanning printed documents and using optical-character-
recognition (OCR) software to convert the scanned
documents into text characters
• Using voice-recognition software to convert spoken words
into text characters

17. FUNCTIONS OF WORD PROCESSOR
• Grammar checking: Identifies sentences, paragraphs, and
punctuation that doesn't appear to meet commonly
recognized rules of grammar.
• Footnotes and cross-references: Automates the numbering and
placement of footnotes and enables to easily cross-reference
other sections of the document.
• Automated lists: Automatically creates bulleted or numbered
lists, including multi-level outlines.
• Translation and speech: As artificial intelligence capabilities
become more common, some word processors have gained
the ability to read text aloud, to accept voice commands, and
to translate text from one language to another.

18. TEXT MANIPULATION
• Text manipulation refers to the "processing" part
of word processing. Word processors provide easy
methods of deleting, inserting, copying, and moving
individual characters, words, phrases, and
paragraphs—even entire pages of information—with
a few clicks of a mouse button or with such keyboard
shortcuts as Ctrl-C to copy, Ctrl-X to cut, and Ctrl-V to
paste or insert text.
• Text can be automatically checked for spelling and for
conformance to basic grammatical principles as the

19. TEXT FORMATTING
• Word-processing software typically includes "wizards"
or "help" features to provide automated formatting of
common business documents.
• A letter wizard can assist the user to properly format a
business letter, and a résumé wizard can help the user
format a professional-looking résumé. Templates are
another automated formatting feature.

20. FORMATTING
• Line spacing,
•Paragraph spacing
•Justification and
•Indentation (such as a first-line indentation at
the beginning of each paragraph).

21. ADVANCED WORD PROCESSING
• Styles
• Styles are user-created formatting commands that
allow great control over repetitive formatting
structures within a document. For example, using a
"style" for each type of heading in a report will ensure
consistent formatting of the headings and will
eliminate the need for a user to manually format
heading as it is created.

22. MACROS AND MERGING
• Macros can boost productivity and take much of the
tedium out of repetitive word-processing tasks.
• Merging is the process of using lists of such
information as names, addresses, phone numbers,
product descriptions or model numbers, and so on to
fill in designated fields or blanks in documents to
create mass mailings, address labels, directories, and
catalogs.

23. AUTOMATIC REFERENCES AND INDEXES
• Documents that include-
• tables of contents,
• cross-references,
• indexes,
• footnotes,
• endnotes, and captions
-A word processor can automatically generate and
format these items.

24. INDENT
•Increase or decrease of space between the left
and right margin of a paragraph.

25. INDENTING
• In word processing, the word indent is used to describe the
distance, or number of blank spaces used to separate a
paragraph from the left or right margins.
• Indents can also be negative. This is called an outdent, which
pulls the paragraph outside of the left margin, the reverse of
what is shown in the example above. Other types of indent
formatting in word processing includes a hanging indent
where all lines but the first are indented.

26. INDENTING, ALSO INDENTATION, INDENTION
• The practice of setting a line of text further from the left
margin than other lines, especially to start a paragraph.
• A poem or other block of text, especially a quotation, may
also be indented so as to make it stand out from the
surrounding text.
• Indenting is common in dictionaries and indexes, where it
usually reverses the practice for text, effectively indenting
every line except that of the headword. The space left by
indenting is an indent(at)ion.

27. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• A bibliography is a list of sources that were referenced to write an
academic paper, a journal article, a book, a critique, an essay or any
other type of academic writing.
• A bibliography differs from a works cited page because a bibliography
includes any works that were referenced to write the paper, not merely
the works that were cited in the paper.
• Bibliographies differ depending on what style of writing one uses. Some
of the different styles of writing include the Modern Language
Association (MLA), Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), and American
Psychological Association (APA)

28. MLA FORMAT
• The MLA format is primarily used for the disciplines of
humanities.
• For using the MLA format, one should keep a track of
all the papers, books, films, internet articles, and any
other sources consulted while writing the paper.

29. NINE CORE ELEMENTS
• Author
• Title of source
• Title of container
• Other contributors
• Version
• Number
• Publisher
• Publication date
• Location

30. CHICAGO STYLE
• The Chicago Style format is primarily used for history texts.
Chicago style also called as Turabian style.
• There are two styles in Chicago. The first is a simpler author-
date style. This means the first element is the author's name
and the second is the date of publication.
• Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year of Publication.
Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher's
Name.

31. APA STYLE
• The American Psychological Association style of writing is used
for psychology and other sciences and social sciences.
• For APA style, the format is similar to Chicago author-date style.
• The year follows the name of the author.
• However, place the year in parenthesis after the author. Then
include the name of the book or article, the name of the
magazine or journal (this does not apply if it's a book), and the
page numbers.
• The basic APA reference list format follows this example:
• Author, A.A. (2001). Title of work. Location: Publisher.