This document discusses the importance of test and measurement in product development. It explains that testing saves companies from heavy losses by identifying issues early. Testing provides confidence in the design, allows for corrections, and reduces risks. The document also discusses reliability and validity, noting that reliable tests produce consistent results and valid tests accurately measure the intended characteristic. It provides tips for ensuring reliable and valid measurement, such as carefully analyzing performance, taking multiple measurements, and keeping specifications tight during pre-production. Testing is necessary to identify defects, ensure design correctness, and establish reliability. Industries must focus on testing their products rather than just outward finishing.

1. Test & Measurement
Shiv Dutt
RF Lead Engineer
Vedang Radio Technology
Mumbai

2. Importance
We read a lot of technical article of research and technology. We
use various electronics gadgets in our daily routine life which are
less with smart hardware and software even a good mechanical
architecture.
As a general gadget user, you do never waste your time to know
its internal working that how does it works? But you know well,
how to use it. Any single malfunction or bug of your gadgets
leads to you in frustration.
To avoid such conditions, manufacturing companies try to make
a best product for their customer. So that frustration level could
not meet to user.

3. Why it is required?
Test and measurement saves from heavy losses like
• Extra cost
• Extra labor
• Good will of industry that is priceless
Test and measurement of design provides
• Confidence
• Design correction
• Value in market
• Reduce risk

4. Reliability and validity
Reliability
• The degree to which at test or measure produce the same
scores or results when applied in the same circumstances
• It refers to how dependably or consistently a test measures a
characteristic.
If a person takes the test again, will he or she get a similar test
score, or a much different score? A test that yields similar scores
for a person who repeats the test is said to measure a
characteristic reliably.

5. Validity
• Validity also describes the degree to which you can
make specific conclusions or predictions about people
based on their test scores. In other words, it indicates
the usefulness of the test.
• Validity refers to what characteristic the test
measures and how well the test measures that
characteristic.

6. Reliability and Validity of
Measurements

7. How to ensure to meet Reliability and
validity of product
• A product, when it’s designed has been completed and produced
on testing table. An engineer must analyze its performance and
design attributes precisely.
• Don’t hurry while testing and measurement.
• Any malfunction of equipment and human error could lead to
mislead and doubt.
• To ensure recorded date of calibration of equipment
• Product should always be measured or tested more than once.
• Taking multiple step of measurement makes repeatability and
reliability of the product which is major milestone for a company.
• Keep specs tight for pre production so that it could compensate
production.

8. Why testing is required?
Testing is really required
• To point out the defects and errors those were made during
the development phase.
• To ensure how much design is correct
• To make sure reliability of the product
• To know, how much work and effort is required to make
perfect product
• To give feedback to the designer
• To get time estimation to complete the product.

9. What to do?
• Test and measurement is the Basic requirement for
developing a product.
• Industries must invest at the setup of test and measurement
of the product whether it is electronic, software or
mechanical.
• Industry must focus on testing and measurement of the
product rather than its outer finishing.
• Make prototype first and repeat at least three numbers.
• Test the performance of prototype product as per designer
specs
• Tweak and modify for the best result
• Adopt the future need at least 5 year ahead into your product

10. What needs to control?
• Manage and controlling the accuracy of measuring equipment
is an essential component, periodic calibration of measuring
instruments
• Manage revisions of the products
• Don’t change vendors repeatedly unless there is major
reason.
• Control workmanship and quality of the material.