The East Africa Masterclass at Terrat focused on the village level experience of off-grid energy. We have invited local leaders and rural energy providers from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Malawi and Tanzania. We were keen for village headmen and headwomen to share their village experiences of energy provision and to tell us about the outcomes and impacts of productive energy use in relation to standards of living, education, heath and employment in the village. The workshop heard from the off grid energy providers about their achievements and challenges in bringing off-grid energy to villages and how they have worked with village leaders and the village community.

1. Presented at smart village workshop in Terrati
By: L. Manyanga.
TAREA branch Chair Person
&
KAKUTE Ltd Executive Director
SMART VILLAGE PROJECTS FROM
Tanzania Perspective.

2. Content
 Introductions
 Lesson learnt
 Rural Energy and Access to Modern Energy
Services.
 Lesson learnt from the field.
 Conclusion and the way forward.

3. Introduction of KAKUTE
 KAKUTE Projects Company Limited (KPCL) is registered as a not for profit Local
company based in Tanzania, owned by its principal founder members which include
(Mr Erwin Protzen, Ndwatta M. Ndwatta and Livinus Manyanga). The company was
incorporated under the companies act 2002 in 1995 and reregistered on 18th
December 2008 with registration No 69039.
Company Vision and Mission.
 KPCL vision: To be one of the lead organizations involved in technology transfer and
sustainable development.
 KPCL views its mission: as increasing cooperate community’s productivity, realizing
maximum benefit from their business development though product development,
training on market based solution and consulting on value chain development.
 KPCL values and objectives: is dedicated to establish and build long-term
relationship with its stakeholders includes Private sector, Local Government
Authorities, NGOs and community based organizations through quality training,
advocacy and consultant service. The goal is steady expansion and becoming
sustainable.

4. Projects initiated by KAKUTE 1995-
2014.
 1995 – 2000 commercialization of T-Press project activities in Tanzania.
 2000 – 2005 Initialization, development and implementation of Jatropha project in Tanzania.
2005 KAKUTE celebrate 10th years anniversary through public.
 2005 – 2010 Commercialization of Jatropha project in Tanzania Founding and incubation of
JPTL, KAMA herbal products in Tanzania. Become founder & member of TAREA, and
National Biofuel Taskforce in Tanzania.
 2007 KAKUTE won edition of the “Roy Family Award for Environmental Partnership”
assigned by the Harvard University (USA),
 18th December 2008: KAKUTE changes its mandate to a company Limited by guarantee
without share capital in the name of KAKUTE PROJECTS COMPANY LIMITED.
 2010 -2015; Incubation of the prepaid solar business model in Tanzania MOBISOL Uk
Limited. Incubate EmbarkEnergy business model in Tanzania.
 2012-2014 Implement successfully LRTC project with REA, and serve as LCB with SNV.

5. Introduction of TAREA
TAREA (Tanzania Renewable Energy Association) is
the membership association standing for uniting the
renewable energy stakeholders for the promotion of the
sustainable renewable energy technologies in Tanzania
Mainland.
 To date membership -405 of which 65 are of Corporate
category.
 The national headquarter based in Dar Es Salaam with 2
branches. Lake Zone branch based in Mwanza and
Northern Zone based in Arusha.
Mission of TAREA is to promote and advocate the increased use
of Renewable Energy by developing an effective network of
members and stakeholders, emphasising the need for quality
and best practice throughout the sector.

6. TAREA core activities.
 To advocate for Government policies and regulations.(taxation,
SPP, Standards, Feed in Tariffs)
 To support and encourage best practice, including development
and enforcement of standards and codes of conduct. (Co operation
with TBS, FCC and TRA.)
 To promote the local manufacture of Renewable Energy products
and enterprise development in the Renewable Energy.
 To facilitate market development of Renewable Energy
technologies, applications and services.
 Research in RE Technologies.

7. Renewable energy resource in
Tanzania.
 Tanzania has a huge resource base of renewable energies
which include wind, solar, biomass, mini-hydro,
geothermal, tidal waves, and ocean, thermal conversion.
 Renewable energy technologies currently in use in the
country include solar thermal, solar photovoltaic (PV),
wind, bio-gas, liquid-biofuels, biomass based cogeneration
and gasification.
 Renewable energy is gaining a lot more political attention
now than it was in the past and though it is not a fully
regulated sector; the government is looking into it seriously
as the way forward in trying to address the lack of energy
to majority of the population and the country as a whole.

8. The challenges to disseminate RETs
 The challenges are harsh terrains and inaccessibility due to
underdeveloped infrastructure leading to high cost of rural
electrification projects;
 High operating costs of grids in rural areas due to low population
density;
 Acquisition of way-leaves due to high land compensation
demands and vandalism of power infrastructure;
 Underdeveloped markets due to low purchasing power, limited
technical and financial capacity of indigenous entrepreneurs;
 Low awareness among key stakeholders on opportunities of
investing in rural areas.

9. Rural Energy and Access to
Modern Energy Services.

10. Rural Energy Agency
 The Government established the Rural Energy Agency to accelerate
the pace of rural electrification in the country. The objective is to
facilitate availability of reliable modern energy services for social and
economic transformation in rural areas.
 The implementation of REA Programme increased rural connectivity
levels to 7 percent in 2013 from 2 percent in 2007. At the present 36.4
percent of the Tanzanian population have access to electricity services
with overall national connectivity rate of 24 percent. The government
plans to increase the connectivity level to 30 percent 2015; 50 percent
in 2025; and 75 percent 2033.
 The major barriers toward improving rural electricity connectivity
include: absence of national grid in large part of the country, high cost of
delivering electricity to rural areas, high upfront investment costs;
scattered settlements in the rural areas leading to long and costly
distribution lines.

11. The policy statement .
The Government shall
1. Establish Rural Electrification Master Plan;
2. Strengthen the institutional capacity for effective facilitation,
administration and monitoring of the modern energy services;
3. Facilitate private sector participation including self-help groups in
provision of modern energy services by providing fiscal incentives
to both producers and users;
4. Promote and facilitate adoption of appropriate modern energy
technologies and enforce compliance with set standards;
5. Collaborate with development partners for specific programmes
especially in areas less attractive to the private sector;
6. Promote participation of financial institutions in provision of funds
for development of rural energy projects;
7. Build appropriate local capacity for manufacture, installation,
maintenance and operation of appropriate energy technologies in
rural areas; and
8. Reduce connection charges by providing connection subsidy to
make electricity connection more affordable

12. Lesson Learnt from the field

13. Needs for renewable energy in rural area.
 Renewable energy technologies need to be implemented
to improve the current lack of access to energy. However,
the implementation of renewable energy technologies in
Africa often fails, or the technologies are found to be
unsustainable in the longer term.
 Project developer (Local champions) of renewable energy
technologies in Tanzania are required because much
information in rural Tanzania is communicated by word of
mouth as most households do not have access to modern
communication technologies or infrastructure.
 Projects in Tanzania are often successful in the short term
when the donor agencies or NGOs are on site with the
implementation, but fail when these agencies leave.

14. Ease of transfer of knowledge and
skills to relevant people in Tanzania.
 In general, the simpler the technology selected, the easier the transfer of
knowledge and skills to the relevant people in Tanzania.
 Local champions are used for social marketing, Demonstration sites are often
installed at the area of the champions and prospective adopters are then brought
to these area for demonstrations It is important that the owners of the
demonstration technology are satisfied with the performance of the technology.
 As renewable energy technologies are often new to the areas where they are
implemented, innovative individuals who are prepared to take the risk of
implementation are required.
 Local champions assist in training quality control promotion installation, service ,
monitoring and supervision.
 If the local champions are properly trained, they can also assist in conflict
resolution.

15. Adoption by community
 It is important that before a renewable energy project is implemented the
capacity in the community be determined.
 To facilitate adoption by the community the benefits of adoption must be
determined and the information must be distributed to the community.
 Client satisfaction is very important; without this other members of the community
will not be willing to adopt a new technology. Pilot sites can be selected using
partner organizations that work in the local community .
 The implementation at the selected pilot sites must have high quality of
implementation and training. Public places such as school or health facilities can
be used for pilot sites. Pilot sites can be used for training , as part of the
promotion campaign, iterative development, and as demonstration plants.
 The lessons learnt during the pilot phase can be used to improve future
implementation. Determine priorities of the population. Energy plans and policies
can be investigated. It is important to understand the priorities of the population
as the population might not understand the benefits of a specific technology.

16. Information distribution.
 It is important that people are made aware of the benefits of the
technology to change their attitudes as negative attitudes can hamper
implementation. If the value of the technology is perceived to be low by
the community, adoption will be limited.
 Awareness campaigns are necessary to ensure that the consumer
population can make rational choices about energy. It was found that
the higher the education level of the community the better the adoption
rate.
 Client satisfaction. Quality control is important to ensure adoption. Client
satisfaction is very important to ensure success.
 The technology selected must be close to what the people know and
involvement by the community is important.
 The needs of the community must be understood before
implementation.

17. Financial capacity.
 Financial capacity refers to the capacity of the performing
organization to finance the components and materials required
for project implementation. Especially when the project
developer first starts up financial capacity that can hinder the
developer from succeeding.
 With capital intensive technologies such as solar photovoltaic
mini-grid it was found that project developer stop supplying the
technology because of financial constraints.
 The following methods are recommended to ensure that the
project developer would have the financial capacity to implement
the technologies: financial model of the project need to be set up
in such a way that the project developer has minimum capital
outlay subsidies, training target community to work and using
technology that has very little capital outlay.

18. Conclusion and way forward.

19. Financial stability.
 Availability of finance is stumbling block to the implementation
of renewable energy technology access in many rural areas in
Tanzania, as most of the rural population are very poor, some
renewable energy technologies have a high initial installation
cost, and the availability of firewood means that the rural
population does not value of renewable energy technologies
for most of their energy needs.
 The main ways of payment are on cash basis, materials,
produce barter or labor.
 Cash is normally raised by selling, animal, aqgriclural produce
or employment. The savings achieved using renewable
energies can be used to pay off loans. Some of the
institutional RETs facilities in Tanzania were funded by donors
or investors. There is a need to look at energy production and
energy use for productive use.

20. Finance methods.
 The methods used by the Government to make finance available
include subsidies, credit loans and the giving of the renewable
energy technology to the population for free or on loan.
 Subsidies are provided by donor agencies or government. The
government can subsidize renewable energy technology by
providing financing or by removing duties and taxes on the
technology.
 The rural poor do not normally have access to loans and for this
reason the implementing agency must negotiate with banks for
favorable rates and payment periods.
 One of the problems that have not yet been solved is the
provision of finance to households with seasonal income .
Subsidies are carefully managed, in some cases subsidy is paid
directly to the bank and in other cases directly to the installer
through M-Pesa.

21. Government support
 Governmental support is important whether it was available for the
specific project or not. Acceptance by the government of the specific
renewable energy programme is important. Government official
responsible for energy at Local Government level is missing . You can
not find government energy extension officer at any Region, District and
village level.
 The government support policies to save the environment by banning
the cutting of trees for example, and by ensuring that alternatives are
available for the population but private sect left behind themselves to
take this initiative to village level without having conducive business
environment.
 Governmental support is required in a number of areas including:
regulations such as strategies, policies and legislation; standards;
reduction in or elimination of duties and taxes; funding or subsidies;
licensing of technologies ; setting up energy regulation agencies;
partnering with donor organizations; building technical capacity; public
awareness; market promotion; forest law enforcement; health and
safety; and monitoring and evaluation.

22. Any question please welcome.
Thank you for your attention.