The document describes the anatomical position and planes of the human body. The anatomical position refers to how the body is positioned for anatomical description, with the body standing upright and arms at the sides. There are three main anatomical planes - the median plane divides the body into left and right halves, sagittal planes are vertical and parallel to the median plane, and coronal planes separate the body into front and back. The document also defines common anatomical terms used to describe positions and directions in the body such as anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, and distal.

1. BODY AS A WHOLE
- DR. MANISH KHAREL

2. Human Body
• Anatomical position of a human body.
• Anatomical planes of a human body.
• Anatomical terms of a human body.

3. Anatomical position of a human
body.
Anatomical position is a way of describing the
anatomy of an organism so that it is easy to
understand the location of body parts.
In humans, standard anatomical position is the
body standing up straight and eyes looking
forwards, with both arms by the sides of the
body and palms facing forward. The legs are
straight and both feet together with the toes
pointing forward.

4. Figure : The Anatomical Position of a Human Body

5. Other Positions:
1. Supine Position:
• If the anatomical position is placed face-up, it
is called the supine position.

6. 2. Prone position :
• If the anatomical position is placed face-down, it is
called the prone position.
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7. 3. Lithotomy position:
• Position in which the patient is on their back with the hips and knees flexed and the thighs
apart. The position is often used for vaginal examinations and childbirth.

8. Anatomical planes of a human body:
1. Median / Mid-sagittal plane : This is a vertical plane that
divides the body into equal right and left halves.
2. Sagittal plane: Any vertical plane that is parallel to the
median plane is known as the sagittal plane.
3. Coronal / Frontal plane: This is a plane that separates the
body into anterior and posterior parts.
4. Transverse plane: This is a plane that divides the body
into superior and inferior portions and is also called
the horizontal plane.

9. Figure : Anatomical planes:

10. Anatomical terms of a human body:
• Anterior means towards the front.
• Posterior means towards the back.
• Superior means towards the head.
• Inferior means towards the feet.
• Medial means towards the median plane (near the middle of the
body).
• Lateral means away from the median plane (away from the middle
of the body)
• Proximal means near the trunk
• Distal means away from the trunk

11. Anatomical terms of a human body:
• Flexion: A movement by which the angle of a joint is decreased
• Extension: A movement by which the angle of a joint is increased
• Adduction: Movement towards the central axis
• Abduction: Movement away from the central axis
• Medial rotation: Rotation toward the medial side of the body
• Lateral rotation: Rotation towards the lateral side of the body
• Pronation: This movement occurs in the forearm whereby the
palm is turned backwards
• Supination: This movement also occurs in the forearm whereby
the palm is turned forwards