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Temporal bone
This document provides a detailed overview of CT imaging and anatomy of the temporal bone. It describes the CT imaging protocol used, including axial and coronal views. It then reviews the anatomy of each segment of the temporal bone - squamous, mastoid, petrous, tympanic and styloid. For the petrous segment, it describes the subsegments and key structures like the internal acoustic meatus. It reviews the anatomy of the outer, middle and inner ear, including structures like the cochlea and semicircular canals. Pathologies affecting the temporal bone like otitis externa and cholesteatoma are also summarized.
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Temporal bone
- 2. CT IMAGING OFTEMPORAL BONE Dr. Adila iqbal PGR-1
- 4. CT PROTOCOL Axialsupine 1mm Coronal Prone 1mm 120 kv@200mA :1sec 512x512 @140mmFOV
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- 17. Petrous and itssubsegments •Pyramid and otic capsule •Subsegments 1. Anterior 2. Posterior 3. Inferior 4. Apical
- 18. Anterior petrous subsegment Tegmentympani Arcuate eminence Prominence over upper SCC
- 19. Posterior petrous subsegment Inneracoustic pore; Inner ear canal joins SAS Modiolus; entrance to chochlea for chochlear nerve
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- 22. Posterior petrous aqueducts Vestibular(endolymphatic): parallel to petrous ridge Cochlear (perilymphatic): Verticaly below and parallel to inner ear canal
- 23. VESTIBULAR AQUEDUCT 10mm long endolymphatic duct From common crus to post wall of petrous pyramid Joins endolymphatic sac nestled in leaves of dura Equilibration of endolymphatic fluid pressure subdural
- 25. COCHLEAR AQUEDUCT 8mm long perilymphatic aqueduct From basal turn of cochlea to medial border of jugular foramen Regulation of CSF and perilymphatic fluid pressure Subarachnoid
- 27. Inferior petrous subsegment •Carotidcanal •Jugular foramen
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- 30. Segments of the ear •Outeracoustic meatus •Outer(externa) •Middle(media) •Inner (interna) •Inner acoustic pore
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- 34. WALLS OF MIDDLEEAR CLEFT Anterior: carotid Posterior:mastoid Upper: aditus ad antrum Lower: •Pyramidal eminence •Sinus tympani •Facial recess
- 35. EPITYMPANUM Above planefrom lower scutum to tympanic VII Malleus capitis and short process of incus Prussak epitympanum recess
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- 37. MESOTYMANUM Tympanic cleftproper dampens sounds Manubrium of malleus Long process of incus Superstructure and foot plate of stapes
- 39. MESOTYMANUM Tensor tympani Cochleariform process Stapedius muscle Stapedius tendon
- 40. HYPOTYMPANUM Shallow troughin floor ofmiddle ear cleft No vital structures
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- 43. STYLOID SEGMENT Styloidprocess develops after birth(like mastoid) Stylomastoid canal
- 45. INNER EAR Membranouslabyrinth Osseus labyrinth
- 46. MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH Vestibule: utricleand saccule Semicircular canals
- 47. OSSEUS(COCHLEAR) LABYRINTH Osseusedifice for cochlea,vestibule and semicircular canals Vestibular and cochlear aqueducts
- 48. COCHLEA More than2.5 turns Basal and intermediate spirals readily seen
- 50. Basal turnopens post into round window Cochlea encircles central osseus axis of modiolus
- 53. SEMI CIRCULAR CANALS Project off superior,posterior and lateral aspects of vestibule Upper margin of superior SCC forms superior convexity on petrous pyramidal roof(Arcuate eminence)
- 55. SEMI CIRCULAR CANALS Posterior SCC points posteriorly along petrous ridge Lateral SCC juts lateraly into epitympanum (cholesteatoma here erodes lateral cortex:fistulization)
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- 62. SEGMENTAL TEMPORAL BONE ANALYSIS Ear or anterior cerebellopontine sulcus Ear :outer,middle,inner ACPA masses Osseus destruction Anatomic extent
- 63. OUTER AND MIDDLEEAR DISEASE Malignant otitis externa Chronic otitis media Cholesteatoma Post surgical ear COM/CS
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- 65. ACPA masses 1. Neoplastic •Schwanommas •Meningeomas •Epidermoid 2.Vascular • Vertebrobasilar dolichoectesias • Glomus tumor
- 66. Symmetry Patency Outer ear canal Middleear cleft Inner ear structures Ossicular erosion Aeration(mastoids,bones Labyrinths Nerves Segmental Analysis
- 67. SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS Outer earcanal Middle ear cleft Inner ear structures Focal mass •Destructive changes •Ossicular inteagrity •Focal enhancement •Outer ear canal,Middle ear cleft,Inner ear