This document discusses templates in C++. Templates allow functions and classes to operate on different data types in a generic way. Function templates define functions that can accept different data types as parameters. Class templates define classes that can work with different types. Examples are provided to demonstrate function and class templates, including defining a max function and pair class that work for both integer and float data types. Templates support generic programming and allow reusable software components to handle different types in a single framework.

1. Templates in C++
CREATED BY – MAYANK BHATT

2. Contents
• Templates
• Function templates
• Class templates
• Applictaions of templates

3. Templates
• Templates are the foundation of generic
programming, which involves writing code in a
way that is independent of any particular type.
• We can use templates to define functions as well
as classes

4. Function Templates
• There are several functions of considerable importance
which have to be used frequently with different data
types.
• The limitation of such functions is that they operate only
on a particular data type.
• It can be overcome by defining that function as a
function template or generic function.
• Syntax:
template <typename parameter, …..>
returntype function_name (arguments)
{
…… // body of template function
……
}

5. Example Program:
• #include<iostream>
• #include<conio.h>
• using namespace std;
• template <class t>
• t mymax(t a,t b)
• { return(a>b?a:b);
• }

6. • main()
• { int a,b;
• float c,d;
• cout<<"Enter two integers:n";
• cin>>a>>b;
• cout<<"nMax="<<max(a,b);
• cout<<"nEnter two floating point numbers:n";
• cin>>c>>d;
• cout<<"nMax="<<max(c,d);
• getch();
• }

7. Output:

8. Class Templates
• Class can also be declared to operate on different data types.
Such class are called class templates.
• A class template specifies how individual classes can be
constructed similar to normal class specification.
• These classes model a generic class which support similar
operations for different data types.
• Syntax :
template <class T1, class T2, …..>
class class_name
{
T1 data1; // data items of template type
void func1 (T1 a, T2 &b); // function of template
argument
T func2 (T2 *x, T2 *y);
}

9. • #include<iostream>
• #include<conio.h>
• using namespace std;
• template <class t>
• class mypair
• { private: t a,b;
• public: mypair(t first,t second)
• {a=first;
• b=second;
• }
• t getmax();
• };

10. • template <class t>
• t mypair<t>::getmax()
• {return(a>b?a:b);
• }
• main()
• {
• mypair<int> myints(100,275);
• mypair<float> myfloat(1.7777,1.7778);
• cout<<"max integer="<<myints.getmax();
• cout<<"nmax float="<<myfloat.getmax();
• getch();
• }

11. Output:

12. Applications of Templates
• Templates support generic programming, which
allows to develop reusable software
components such as function, class, etc.
• Supporting different data types in a single
framework.
• A template in C++ allows the construction of a
family of template functions and classes to
perform the same operation on different data
types.
• It allows a single template to deal with a generic
data type T.