The document describes an experiment to calibrate a Bourdon pressure gauge using a dead-weight pressure gauge calibration system. The system applies pressure via weighted pistons which act on hydraulic oil, allowing a test gauge to be calibrated by comparing its readings to known pressure levels. Procedures are outlined for checking the zero point and then taking readings at incremental pressure levels by adding weights to the system. Sources of potential error are discussed. Calibration curves are examined to verify the accuracy of the test gauge by comparing actual pressure values to measured readings.
This document summarizes a lab experiment to calibrate a Bourdon gauge using a dead-weight piston gauge. The aim was to calibrate the Bourdon gauge. The experiment involved opening valves, checking the zero point, and increasing pressure by adding known weights to generate a calibration curve comparing actual and measured pressures. The calibration curve was linear, showing the pressure gauge was working properly as the measured pressure accurately tracked the increases in actual pressure.
Dead – Weight piston gauge & Center of PressureRaboon Redar
The calibration of the Bourdon gauge is the aim of the dead weight pressure gauge experiment, while the center of pressure is the other test’s aim to find the resultant force (F) and center of pressure (hp). For testing and changing pressure gages, the death-weight pressures gage is used. The pressure is exerted by weights which are supported by weight. The latter has a piston that operates on hydraulic oil in the pipe system to show those pressures by a pressure gage that is also attached to the system. A Bourdon gage with a clear dial is included in the device. Thus, there is a simple identification of the display mechanism and the different adaptation choices.
Fluid flow lab3-Dead –Weight piston gauge dec 2015Zhyar Arsalan
Dead-Weight pressure Gauge is used for checking and adjusting pressure gauges. The pressure is applied via weights which are placed on a weight support. The latter has a piston which acts on hydraulic oil in a pipe system, so that a pressure gauge which is also connected to the system should indicate certain pressures.
The device contains a Bourdon gauge with a transparent dial. The display mechanism and the various adjustment opportunities are therefore clearly identifiable.
Hydraulic oil is used to transfer pressure.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted to calibrate a Bourdon gauge used to measure gauge pressure. The experiment used a dead-weight piston gauge, which applies known masses to a column of fluid to produce reference pressures. The device contains a Bourdon gauge and load unit connected by a pipeline. Varying masses were applied to generate pressure readings, which were recorded to create a calibration curve relating measured pressures to actual pressures and ensure consistent instrument readings.
This document provides instructions for calibrating a bourdon gauge using a deadweight piston gauge. It describes the components and working principle of the deadweight piston gauge, which uses precise weights and fluid pressure to apply calibrated forces. The device consists of a pressure gauge unit where the bourdon gauge is mounted, and a load unit with weights that increase pressure when added. Weights are added until pressure balances the force and lifts the weights, indicating the pressure reading. This process is repeated at increments to generate a calibration curve relating measured pressure to applied weights.
The document describes an experiment to calibrate a Bourdon pressure gauge using a dead-weight pressure gauge calibration system. The system applies pressure via weighted pistons which act on hydraulic oil, allowing a test gauge to be calibrated by comparing its readings to known pressure levels. Procedures are outlined for checking the zero point and then taking readings at incremental pressure levels by adding weights to the system. Sources of potential error are discussed. Calibration curves are examined to verify the accuracy of the test gauge by comparing actual pressure values to measured readings.
This document summarizes a lab experiment to calibrate a Bourdon gauge using a dead-weight piston gauge. The aim was to calibrate the Bourdon gauge. The experiment involved opening valves, checking the zero point, and increasing pressure by adding known weights to generate a calibration curve comparing actual and measured pressures. The calibration curve was linear, showing the pressure gauge was working properly as the measured pressure accurately tracked the increases in actual pressure.
Dead – Weight piston gauge & Center of PressureRaboon Redar
The calibration of the Bourdon gauge is the aim of the dead weight pressure gauge experiment, while the center of pressure is the other test’s aim to find the resultant force (F) and center of pressure (hp). For testing and changing pressure gages, the death-weight pressures gage is used. The pressure is exerted by weights which are supported by weight. The latter has a piston that operates on hydraulic oil in the pipe system to show those pressures by a pressure gage that is also attached to the system. A Bourdon gage with a clear dial is included in the device. Thus, there is a simple identification of the display mechanism and the different adaptation choices.
Fluid flow lab3-Dead –Weight piston gauge dec 2015Zhyar Arsalan
Dead-Weight pressure Gauge is used for checking and adjusting pressure gauges. The pressure is applied via weights which are placed on a weight support. The latter has a piston which acts on hydraulic oil in a pipe system, so that a pressure gauge which is also connected to the system should indicate certain pressures.
The device contains a Bourdon gauge with a transparent dial. The display mechanism and the various adjustment opportunities are therefore clearly identifiable.
Hydraulic oil is used to transfer pressure.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted to calibrate a Bourdon gauge used to measure gauge pressure. The experiment used a dead-weight piston gauge, which applies known masses to a column of fluid to produce reference pressures. The device contains a Bourdon gauge and load unit connected by a pipeline. Varying masses were applied to generate pressure readings, which were recorded to create a calibration curve relating measured pressures to actual pressures and ensure consistent instrument readings.
This document provides instructions for calibrating a bourdon gauge using a deadweight piston gauge. It describes the components and working principle of the deadweight piston gauge, which uses precise weights and fluid pressure to apply calibrated forces. The device consists of a pressure gauge unit where the bourdon gauge is mounted, and a load unit with weights that increase pressure when added. Weights are added until pressure balances the force and lifts the weights, indicating the pressure reading. This process is repeated at increments to generate a calibration curve relating measured pressure to applied weights.
The document discusses the calibration of pressure gauges using a dead weight tester. A dead weight tester compares the readings of the gauge being calibrated to a standard gauge using an incompressible fluid and weights to apply precise pressures. Factors like friction, lost motion, and hysteresis can cause inaccuracies that calibration corrects. The pressure produced is calculated using the force applied by the weights divided by the area of the piston.
This document describes an experiment on tensile testing of materials. It discusses preparing dog-bone shaped samples according to ASTM D638 standards. Tensile testing is done using a Shimadzu tensile testing machine to measure properties like stress and strain. Careful sample preparation and dimensions matching standards are needed to obtain accurate property values from the experiment. The conclusions emphasize getting the right sample dimension values according to standards to determine material properties correctly.
The probe type is determined by the measurement task. The selection of the most suitable temperature sensor is made according to the following criteria:
- Measurement range
- Accuracy
- Measurement site design
- Reaction time
- Durability.
1) The document describes an experiment measuring fluid pressure using Bernoulli's principle. A Venturi nozzle and pitot tube are used to measure static and total fluid pressures at different points.
2) Tables of pressure measurements are presented and graphs show the relationships between flow velocity, pressure, and other variables according to Bernoulli's equations.
3) The results are discussed in relation to real-world examples of Bernoulli's principle like aircraft wings and passing vehicles. Pressure, velocity, and forces are analyzed.
The objective of this experiment is to calculate the rate of the heat transfer log mean temperature difference, and the overall heat transfer coefficient in case of Counter flow
pressure measuring devices and its types,workingprinciple etc...Aqib Ahmed
This document discusses different types of pressure measuring devices, including those that measure gauge pressure and absolute pressure. It describes several specific devices:
1) Barometers measure gauge pressure using a mercury-filled tube, with standard atmospheric pressure retaining the mercury at 760mmHg.
2) Manometers can be piezometers in an L-shape or U-shape, measuring the fluid height change in the tube relative to atmospheric pressure.
3) Differential manometers measure the absolute pressure difference between two connected fluid tanks, using the movement of a third reference fluid in the tube.
Fluke Calibration Tips for High Pressure CalibrationTranscat
In this presentation, you’ll learn about:
• Physics principles that impact high-pressure calibration
• Appropriate calibration tools
• Different tips and techniques to simplify and improve the
quality of high-pressure calibrations
Separating and throttling calorimeter for steamSaif al-din ali
This document describes an experiment conducted to determine the quality (dryness fraction) of steam passing through a steam main using a separating and throttling calorimeter setup. The calorimeter was developed on a diesel-fired boiler in a thermal power laboratory. The experiment measured parameters like steam temperature, pressure, and flow rates. Steam was sampled from the main and passed through a separator to remove water, then throttled to a lower pressure and superheated region where its dryness fraction could be calculated using energy equations and steam tables. Factors affecting the accuracy of the experiment like measurement errors and device leaks were also discussed.
1. The document describes an experiment to calculate the loss coefficient (K) for different pipe components, including pipe bends, branches, and changes in cross-section.
2. Tests were conducted to measure the minor losses through pipe elbows at various angles, double elbows, and a single elbow.
3. The loss coefficients were calculated based on measurements of pressure difference, flow velocity, and component geometry. Loss coefficients ranged from 0.548 to 2.345 depending on the pipe component.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN JOURNAL BEARING OPERAT...ijiert bestjournal
The excessive rise of temperature in the journal be aring operating at boundary/mixed lubrication regim es. Journal bearing test set- up is used to measure the temperature along the cir cumference of the bearing specimen for different lo ading conditions. Here in this journal bearing of l/d ratio 1,diameter of jo urnal is 60mm and the bearing length is 60mm,clear ance is .06mm has been designed and tested to access the temperature rise of the bearing. The result shows that as the load o n the bearing is increasing temperature also increasing. Temperature analysis o f journal bearing is also done by the Ansys workben ch software
The document discusses various pressure measuring devices and their working principles. It describes McLeod gauge, Bourdon pressure gauge, piston gauge, deadweight tester, manometers, aneroid gauges, bellow pressure gauge, and spinning rotor gauge. The McLeod gauge measures very low pressures from 10-4 Torr to 10-6 Torr. The Bourdon gauge uses a coiled tube that straightens under pressure to rotate a needle. A deadweight tester precisely measures pressure by counterbalancing the fluid pressure with calibrated weights.
This document provides an overview of pressure instrumentation and process control. It discusses various methods of pressure measurement including manometers, elastic pressure transducers like Bourdon tubes, diaphragms and bellows, as well as electrical pressure transducers. It also covers topics like measurement of vacuum using instruments like the McLeod gauge and thermal conductivity gauge. Maintaining and calibrating pressure measuring instruments is important for accurate process measurement and control.
The document discusses calibration procedures for an analytical balance, including drift check, performance check, and measurement uncertainty check. Key steps include using weights of 1mg, 2mg, 5mg, 10mg, and 20mg to ensure measurements are within 0.1% of the actual mass value, calculating measurement uncertainty as the standard deviation times 3 divided by the actual mass value, and ensuring calibration is performed daily and after maintenance or relocation. Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and static electricity are also discussed as important to control drift.
Pressure measuring devices include barometers, Bourdon gauges, and pressure transducers. A barometer uses liquid and vapor pressure to measure absolute atmospheric pressure. Bourdon gauges are commonly used to measure pressures between 0.6 to 7000 bar by using copper tubes formed into angles that deflect under pressure. Pressure transducers convert mechanical displacement from pressure into an electrical signal to indirectly measure pressure levels.
1. The document discusses different types of pressure measuring devices, including manometers, barometers, piezometers, differential manometers, and Bourdon gauges.
2. It explains how each device works, such as how a U-tube manometer uses the difference in height of two columns of liquid connected to areas of different pressures to measure the pressure difference.
3. The document emphasizes that the type of liquid used in the device, called the gauge liquid, is important because liquids have different densities and properties that make some better suited for precise pressure measurement tasks. Mercury is often preferred for its high density and low vapor pressure.
Analytical balances are highly sensitive weighing devices used to measure small masses in the sub-milligram range. They have an enclosed weighing pan inside a transparent draft shield to prevent dust and air currents from affecting measurements. Analytical balances must be calibrated regularly and located in areas free of vibration and electromagnetic interference to provide accurate readings. Proper weighing technique requires taring the balance, centering samples on the pan, and allowing readings to stabilize before recording results.
Pressure measurement wiki lesker pumping 3_6_09 (2)shivanand swami
This document discusses various methods and instruments used to measure pressure. It describes different types of pressure measurements including absolute pressure, gauge pressure, and differential pressure. It then explains several common pressure measurement instruments such as manometers, piston gauges, bourdon gauges, and diaphragm gauges. The document also discusses thermal conductivity gauges like Pirani gauges, as well as ionization gauges and how they work. Finally, it provides an overview of various vacuum pump technologies including rotary vane pumps, scroll pumps, diffusion pumps, turbomolecular pumps, and cryopumps.
This document discusses pressure measurement using manometers. It provides examples of how differential U-tube and inverted U-tube manometers work to measure pressure differences. The document explains that differential manometers can measure the pressure difference between two pipes or points, while inverted manometers use a light fluid as the manometric fluid. It also gives examples of calculation problems involving these types of manometers. The purpose is to help students understand how to use manometers to measure pressure.
1. The document describes an experiment measuring temperature using different thermometer types including liquid, bimetallic, and gas thermometers.
2. The experiment involves cooling an object over time and recording the temperature readings from each thermometer type to compare accuracy.
3. A graph is presented showing temperature decreasing over time with readings from each thermometer type, demonstrating differences between them. The gas thermometer is identified as having the highest accuracy and minimum reading error.
The document discusses the calibration of pressure gauges using a dead weight tester. A dead weight tester compares the readings of the gauge being calibrated to a standard gauge using an incompressible fluid and weights to apply precise pressures. Factors like friction, lost motion, and hysteresis can cause inaccuracies that calibration corrects. The pressure produced is calculated using the force applied by the weights divided by the area of the piston.
This document describes an experiment on tensile testing of materials. It discusses preparing dog-bone shaped samples according to ASTM D638 standards. Tensile testing is done using a Shimadzu tensile testing machine to measure properties like stress and strain. Careful sample preparation and dimensions matching standards are needed to obtain accurate property values from the experiment. The conclusions emphasize getting the right sample dimension values according to standards to determine material properties correctly.
The probe type is determined by the measurement task. The selection of the most suitable temperature sensor is made according to the following criteria:
- Measurement range
- Accuracy
- Measurement site design
- Reaction time
- Durability.
1) The document describes an experiment measuring fluid pressure using Bernoulli's principle. A Venturi nozzle and pitot tube are used to measure static and total fluid pressures at different points.
2) Tables of pressure measurements are presented and graphs show the relationships between flow velocity, pressure, and other variables according to Bernoulli's equations.
3) The results are discussed in relation to real-world examples of Bernoulli's principle like aircraft wings and passing vehicles. Pressure, velocity, and forces are analyzed.
The objective of this experiment is to calculate the rate of the heat transfer log mean temperature difference, and the overall heat transfer coefficient in case of Counter flow
pressure measuring devices and its types,workingprinciple etc...Aqib Ahmed
This document discusses different types of pressure measuring devices, including those that measure gauge pressure and absolute pressure. It describes several specific devices:
1) Barometers measure gauge pressure using a mercury-filled tube, with standard atmospheric pressure retaining the mercury at 760mmHg.
2) Manometers can be piezometers in an L-shape or U-shape, measuring the fluid height change in the tube relative to atmospheric pressure.
3) Differential manometers measure the absolute pressure difference between two connected fluid tanks, using the movement of a third reference fluid in the tube.
Fluke Calibration Tips for High Pressure CalibrationTranscat
In this presentation, you’ll learn about:
• Physics principles that impact high-pressure calibration
• Appropriate calibration tools
• Different tips and techniques to simplify and improve the
quality of high-pressure calibrations
Separating and throttling calorimeter for steamSaif al-din ali
This document describes an experiment conducted to determine the quality (dryness fraction) of steam passing through a steam main using a separating and throttling calorimeter setup. The calorimeter was developed on a diesel-fired boiler in a thermal power laboratory. The experiment measured parameters like steam temperature, pressure, and flow rates. Steam was sampled from the main and passed through a separator to remove water, then throttled to a lower pressure and superheated region where its dryness fraction could be calculated using energy equations and steam tables. Factors affecting the accuracy of the experiment like measurement errors and device leaks were also discussed.
1. The document describes an experiment to calculate the loss coefficient (K) for different pipe components, including pipe bends, branches, and changes in cross-section.
2. Tests were conducted to measure the minor losses through pipe elbows at various angles, double elbows, and a single elbow.
3. The loss coefficients were calculated based on measurements of pressure difference, flow velocity, and component geometry. Loss coefficients ranged from 0.548 to 2.345 depending on the pipe component.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN JOURNAL BEARING OPERAT...ijiert bestjournal
The excessive rise of temperature in the journal be aring operating at boundary/mixed lubrication regim es. Journal bearing test set- up is used to measure the temperature along the cir cumference of the bearing specimen for different lo ading conditions. Here in this journal bearing of l/d ratio 1,diameter of jo urnal is 60mm and the bearing length is 60mm,clear ance is .06mm has been designed and tested to access the temperature rise of the bearing. The result shows that as the load o n the bearing is increasing temperature also increasing. Temperature analysis o f journal bearing is also done by the Ansys workben ch software
The document discusses various pressure measuring devices and their working principles. It describes McLeod gauge, Bourdon pressure gauge, piston gauge, deadweight tester, manometers, aneroid gauges, bellow pressure gauge, and spinning rotor gauge. The McLeod gauge measures very low pressures from 10-4 Torr to 10-6 Torr. The Bourdon gauge uses a coiled tube that straightens under pressure to rotate a needle. A deadweight tester precisely measures pressure by counterbalancing the fluid pressure with calibrated weights.
This document provides an overview of pressure instrumentation and process control. It discusses various methods of pressure measurement including manometers, elastic pressure transducers like Bourdon tubes, diaphragms and bellows, as well as electrical pressure transducers. It also covers topics like measurement of vacuum using instruments like the McLeod gauge and thermal conductivity gauge. Maintaining and calibrating pressure measuring instruments is important for accurate process measurement and control.
The document discusses calibration procedures for an analytical balance, including drift check, performance check, and measurement uncertainty check. Key steps include using weights of 1mg, 2mg, 5mg, 10mg, and 20mg to ensure measurements are within 0.1% of the actual mass value, calculating measurement uncertainty as the standard deviation times 3 divided by the actual mass value, and ensuring calibration is performed daily and after maintenance or relocation. Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and static electricity are also discussed as important to control drift.
Pressure measuring devices include barometers, Bourdon gauges, and pressure transducers. A barometer uses liquid and vapor pressure to measure absolute atmospheric pressure. Bourdon gauges are commonly used to measure pressures between 0.6 to 7000 bar by using copper tubes formed into angles that deflect under pressure. Pressure transducers convert mechanical displacement from pressure into an electrical signal to indirectly measure pressure levels.
1. The document discusses different types of pressure measuring devices, including manometers, barometers, piezometers, differential manometers, and Bourdon gauges.
2. It explains how each device works, such as how a U-tube manometer uses the difference in height of two columns of liquid connected to areas of different pressures to measure the pressure difference.
3. The document emphasizes that the type of liquid used in the device, called the gauge liquid, is important because liquids have different densities and properties that make some better suited for precise pressure measurement tasks. Mercury is often preferred for its high density and low vapor pressure.
Analytical balances are highly sensitive weighing devices used to measure small masses in the sub-milligram range. They have an enclosed weighing pan inside a transparent draft shield to prevent dust and air currents from affecting measurements. Analytical balances must be calibrated regularly and located in areas free of vibration and electromagnetic interference to provide accurate readings. Proper weighing technique requires taring the balance, centering samples on the pan, and allowing readings to stabilize before recording results.
Pressure measurement wiki lesker pumping 3_6_09 (2)shivanand swami
This document discusses various methods and instruments used to measure pressure. It describes different types of pressure measurements including absolute pressure, gauge pressure, and differential pressure. It then explains several common pressure measurement instruments such as manometers, piston gauges, bourdon gauges, and diaphragm gauges. The document also discusses thermal conductivity gauges like Pirani gauges, as well as ionization gauges and how they work. Finally, it provides an overview of various vacuum pump technologies including rotary vane pumps, scroll pumps, diffusion pumps, turbomolecular pumps, and cryopumps.
This document discusses pressure measurement using manometers. It provides examples of how differential U-tube and inverted U-tube manometers work to measure pressure differences. The document explains that differential manometers can measure the pressure difference between two pipes or points, while inverted manometers use a light fluid as the manometric fluid. It also gives examples of calculation problems involving these types of manometers. The purpose is to help students understand how to use manometers to measure pressure.
1. The document describes an experiment measuring temperature using different thermometer types including liquid, bimetallic, and gas thermometers.
2. The experiment involves cooling an object over time and recording the temperature readings from each thermometer type to compare accuracy.
3. A graph is presented showing temperature decreasing over time with readings from each thermometer type, demonstrating differences between them. The gas thermometer is identified as having the highest accuracy and minimum reading error.
Temperature Measurements and CalibrationBarhm Mohamad
In a glass thermometer, the relative expansion of a liquid compared to the content of the bulb is measured. The majority of the liquid is in a spherical or cylindrical-shaped bulb that forms the thermometers actual sensing element (1), the bulb opens into the long thin glass capillary tube (2). Practically all liquids can be used in thermometers here a differentiation is made between wetting (organic) and non-wetting liquids (mercury) wetting liquids cause additional errors as the temperature drops, the organic liquids must be colored so that it is visible in the capillary tube and the reading of the temperature made easier. Liquid containers for mercury are larger than for other liquids due to the smaller coefficient of expansion.
This document discusses different types of temperature measurement instruments. It begins by classifying instruments into electro-mechanical and purely mechanical methods. Commonly used instruments include thermometers, thermocouples, and pyrometers. Thermometers measure temperature using the expansion of liquids like mercury, alcohol, pentane or xylene in a glass tube. Thermocouples generate small voltages from junctions between two different metals that change with temperature. Pyrometers measure the infrared radiation emitted from hot objects without contact. The document provides details on the construction and temperature ranges of different thermometers and thermocouples used for temperature measurement.
This document discusses various methods of temperature measurement. It begins by introducing different applications that require temperature measurement in industrial processes. It then provides a brief history of temperature measurement, including early thermometers and scales. The document focuses on different types of temperature probes and sensors, including glass thermometers, bimetal thermometers, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and thermistors. It provides details on the construction, operation, accuracy and applications of these different temperature measurement devices.
The document discusses various methods of temperature measurement. It begins by defining temperature and describing common temperature scales such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. It then discusses thermometers, noting that they have a temperature sensor and means of displaying the measured value. Common thermometer types are described in detail, including liquid-in-glass thermometers like mercury and alcohol thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and pyrometers. Each type's measurement technique, range, advantages, and disadvantages are summarized.
The document discusses various types of thermometers and pyrometers used to measure temperature. Liquid-in-glass thermometers measure temperature by the expansion and contraction of mercury in a glass tube. Bimetallic thermometers use the different expansion rates of two metals bonded together to indicate temperature. Pressure thermometers measure the thermal expansion of liquids or vapor pressure to determine temperature. Pyrometers measure the intensity of infrared radiation emitted by hot objects to determine their temperature without direct contact.
This document discusses temperature measurement and various instruments used for measuring temperature. It describes that temperature is the mean kinetic energy of molecules and is the driving force causing heat transfer. Common temperature measurement instruments include thermometers, pyrometers, and instruments that measure changes in physical properties like pressure, electrical resistance, and radiation intensity with temperature. Liquid-in-glass and bimetallic thermometers are described as examples of instruments that measure changes in physical dimensions with temperature.
Explains the principles underlying all devices used to sense temperature, and how the sensor signals are processed to convert them to indications of temperature. Describes the fundamental concepts of temperature, the Thermodynamic Temperature Scale, and the International Practical Temperature Scale. Covers sensor choice, response characteristics, heat transfer conditions, installation errors, instrumentation compromises, and mechanisms of sensor deterioration.
1) The group calibrated thermometers including a Davis weather station probe, bead thermistor, alcohol thermometer, and mercury thermometer against a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certified standard.
2) They found the Davis probe generated the largest error of 0.54°C while the bead thermistor error was close to the Davis at 0.49°C based on total error propagation calculations tracing measurements back to the NIST standard.
3) Experiments examining the time response of thermometers in a wind tunnel found instruments responded more quickly to higher wind velocities, with lower velocities leading to longer response times.
This document discusses the calibration of various temperature measurement instruments. It describes calibrating liquid-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, filled system thermometers, thermocouples, resistance thermometers, thermistors, and pyrometers. The calibration process involves comparing the instrument being calibrated to primary temperature standards or secondary calibrated standards at different temperature points to develop a relationship between the readings. Proper calibration ensures high precision temperature measurement and consistency between devices.
various types of temperature measuring instrument
1.expansion types
i)bimetallic strips
ii)liquid in gas
2.based on electric resistivity
i)thermocouple
ii)thermistors(most sensitivity)
3.pyrometers
i)mirror types
ii)optical
iii)photon types(not exact names:-based on collection of photon)
and one interesting term include in pyrometers is THERMOPILE:A large number of themocouple connected in series.Hopes so you all will enjoy
Mechanical temperature measuring devices and their applicationsAnand Prithviraj
The document discusses various mechanical temperature measurement devices. It describes five main types: liquid-in-glass thermometers, pressure thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, sealed bellows, and bulb and capillary sensors. Each type uses the mechanical effects of thermal expansion to infer temperature changes by measuring volume, pressure, or motion. While some devices like thermometers are centuries old, mechanical sensors remain widely used for their reliability, cost-effectiveness, and ability to function without external power sources.
This document provides an overview of different temperature measurement devices and concepts. It discusses liquid-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, pressure/filled system thermometers including classifications based on liquid, vapor, gas and mercury filling. It also covers electrical temperature measurement using resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and thermocouples. Sources of error and advantages/disadvantages are described for each type of temperature measuring device.
Seminar report on Temperature Measuring DevicesAmbrish Rai
Ambrish Rai submitted a seminar report on temperature measuring instruments to his guide Dr. Sushanta Tripathy. The 3-page report discussed various temperature scales including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. It also described common temperature measurement devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, resistance temperature detectors, and pyrometers. For each device, the report outlined the basic construction, principles of operation, advantages, and disadvantages.
temperature measurement thermodynamics lab experement lab report
Aim:
Measuring the temperature by different methods and draw the calibration curve with the
thermometer
Introduction
Recording temperature is one of the basic tasks in process and manufacturing automation.
The WL 202 experimentation set-up covers the full range of temperature measurement
methods. As well as non-electrical measuring methods, such as gas- and liquid-filled
thermometers and bimetallic thermometers, all typical electronic measuring methods are
covered in the experiments. The electronically measured temperatures are displayed directly
on programmable digital displays. A temperature-proportionate output voltage signal
(0...10V) is accessible from lab jacks, enabling temperature characteristics to be recorded
with, for example, a plotter. A digital mustimeter with precision resistors is used to calibrate
the electrical measuring devices. Various heat sources or storage units (immersion heater,
vacuum flask and laboratory heater) permit relevant temperature ranges to be achieved for the
sensors being tested. A plastic casing houses the sensors, cables, temperature measuring
strips and immersion heater. The well-structured instructional material sets out the
fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.
1. power-regulated socket.
2. vacuum flask.
3. immersion heater.
4. laboratory heater for water and sand.
Measuring temperature experiment by WL-202
4
5. multimeter.
6. temperature sensors.
7. temperature measuring strips.
8. mercury thermometer.
9. bimetal thermometer.
10. gas pressure thermometer.
11. psychrometer to determine air humidity.
12. digital display of temperature sensors.
1. Immersion
1) Temperature is measured using various instruments like liquid-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), pyrometers, and radiation pyrometers.
2) Liquid-in-glass thermometers use the expansion of liquid mercury in a glass tube to measure temperature, while bimetallic thermometers use the differential expansion of two bonded metals.
3) RTDs measure temperature by detecting changes in electrical resistance, with platinum being a commonly used sensing element.
1) Temperature is measured using various instruments like liquid-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), pyrometers, and radiation pyrometers.
2) Liquid-in-glass thermometers use the expansion of liquid mercury in a glass tube to measure temperature, while bimetallic thermometers use the differential expansion of two bonded metals.
3) RTDs measure temperature by detecting changes in electrical resistance, with platinum being a commonly used sensing element.
Similar to Temperature measurements and Calibration by heating (20)
This document describes an experiment conducted to demonstrate and measure fluid flow rates using different flow meter types. The experiment utilized a hydraulic bench unit with various components like a volumetric measuring tank and submersible pump. Three common flow meters - a rotameter, venture meter, and orifice plate - were used to measure the flow rate of water. The procedure involved taking readings from the flow meters and hydraulic bench at different flow rates. These readings were then used to calculate the actual flow rates and discharge coefficients for each meter. Graphs were made to analyze the relationships between actual and indicated flow rates and how the venture meter's discharge coefficient changed with actual flow rate.
1. The experiment aimed to dilute a drilling mud from 8.65 ppg to 8.45 ppg by adding 666.66 cc of water incrementally and measuring the mud weight each time.
2. Errors in the experiment likely contributed to the measured mud density being 8.45 ppg instead of the target 8.5 ppg, including impurities in the water, inaccurate measurements, and bentonite losses during mixing and weighing.
3. Proper dilution of drilling mud is important to avoid issues like lost circulation, formation damage, decreased rate of penetration, and poor hole cleaning during drilling operations.
The document describes a mud weighting experiment where barite was added to bentonite mud to increase its density. Barite is commonly used to weight muds because it is inexpensive, readily available, and chemically inert, allowing mud weights to reach 20 ppg. The experiment involved preparing bentonite mud, measuring its initial density, then adding 117.6g of barite and measuring the final density. Some potential sources of error included barite powder being lost or sticking to surfaces during mixing and imprecise electronic balance measurements.
This document provides safety information and guidelines for Illinois Tool Works Inc. (ITW) 5980 Series Dual Column Floor Frames. It contains three main points:
1) It lists general safety precautions that users must follow when operating materials testing systems, which can be potentially hazardous due to high forces, rapid motions, and stored energy.
2) It provides several warnings about specific hazards like crush hazards and flying debris that could result in injury. It advises pressing the emergency stop button if an unsafe condition exists.
3) It gives additional warnings regarding hazards from extreme temperatures, unexpected motion when transferring between manual and computer control, rotating machinery, and pressurized hydraulic systems. Users are advised to disconnect
The document describes experiments conducted to measure surface tension using a tapered vessel, capillary tubes, and surface tension balance. It provides background on surface tension and adhesive forces. The students measure the surface tension of liquids and discuss potential sources of error between measured and theoretical surface tension values, such as temperature fluctuations and human error in reading instruments.
1. The document describes an experiment to calibrate an electronic pressure sensor by measuring hydrostatic pressure in a communicating tube system and with the sensor.
2. The experiment involves filling communicating tubes with water to equal levels, then using an equation to calculate actual pressure (Pact) based on height and measuring indicated pressure (Psen) with the sensor.
3. A graph shows the calibrating curve for the pressure sensor, with Pact along the x-axis and Psen along the y-axis forming a linear relationship, demonstrating the sensor was accurately calibrated.
This document describes an experiment on tensile testing of materials. It discusses preparing dog-bone shaped samples according to ASTM D638 standards. Tensile testing is done using a Shimadzu tensile testing machine to measure properties like stress and strain. Careful sample preparation and dimensions matching standards are needed to obtain accurate property values from the experiment. The conclusions emphasize getting the right sample dimension values according to standards to determine material properties correctly.
This is a preliminary text for the chapter. The Oslo Group is invited to provide comments on the
general structure and coverage of the chapter (for example, if it covers the relevant aspects related to
measurement units and conversion factors, and if there are additional topics that should be covered in
this chapter), and on the recommendations to be contained in IRES.
The current text presents the recommendations from the UN Manual F.29 as well as some points that
were raised during the last OG meeting. The issue of “harmonization” of standard/default conversion
factors still needs to be addressed. It was suggested that tables be moved to an annex. Please provide
your views on which ones should be retained in the chapter.
This document provides information on the International System of Units (SI) and the SPE Metric Standard adopted by the Society of Petroleum Engineers. It defines the seven base SI units like meters, kilograms, seconds. It also describes derived units and SI prefixes that are multiplied to units. Guidelines are given for applying the metric system including proper use of unit symbols and quantities like mass, force, weight. Standards for selected metric units used in petroleum are also discussed.
This document provides conversion factors and formulas for converting between common units used in petroleum technology. It includes tables for converting between units of volume, mass, density, temperature, pressure, energy, and prefixes. Key tables provide conversion factors for oil volume and mass units (e.g. barrels to tonnes), density units (e.g. specific gravity to API gravity), temperature units (e.g. Celsius to Fahrenheit), and pressure units (e.g. bars to atmospheres). A glossary at the end defines important technical terms used in the petroleum industry.
This experiment measured the viscosity of drilling mud using a Marsh funnel viscometer. The mud sample had a viscosity of 27.45 seconds as measured by the funnel. Factors like temperature, mud composition, and equipment accuracy can impact viscosity measurements. Maintaining the proper viscosity is important for suspending cuttings and limiting friction pressure during drilling operations.
This document provides instructions for using a trimming core plug machine to cut rock core samples to a desired size. The machine uses two radial saws that can cut both ends of a core plug simultaneously with cooling water. Safety precautions when using the machine include not touching the cutting wheels and only operating it when the hood is closed. The experiment involves clamping the core sample, starting the water pump, trimming the sample with the saw, unclamping the sample, and measuring its diameter and length. Basic maintenance is to keep the machine clean and change the fluid as needed.
The document describes the roles of team members on a project to analyze different types of gas reservoirs. It discusses retrograde gas-condensate reservoirs, where temperature is between critical temperature and cricondentherm, leading to liquid dropout during production. Near critical gas condensate reservoirs have temperatures near the critical point, causing rapid liquid buildup below the critical point. Dry gas reservoirs have temperatures above cricondentherm, so the fluids remain vapor during depletion. Wet gas reservoirs initially have vapor phase fluids, but pressure and temperature declines cause the fluids to enter the two-phase region and produce liquid.
This document describes an experiment on static and dynamic pressure conducted by a group of students. The aim was to measure dynamic pressure. The introduction defines static and dynamic pressure in fluids. The theory section explains that dynamic pressure depends on fluid density and velocity, and can be calculated using principles from Bernoulli's equation. The procedures describe preparing the experiment, taking measurements of static and total pressure using a manometer, and calculating velocity from the pressure readings. Tools used include a manometer and Prandtl's tube. The discussion analyzes graphs of pressure and velocity and explores sources of error.
The document discusses the center of pressure and its importance in engineering. It addresses:
1) The relationship between (hp-h(dash)) and (h) and how they relate at different angles Θ.
2) Why the center of pressure is important for engineers, as it allows them to evenly balance lift on aircraft.
3) The difference between the center of pressure and center of gravity - the center of pressure is the point where lifting and drag forces act on a fluid, while the center of gravity is one of the forces that must be considered.
The document discusses various concepts related to fluid dynamics including static pressure, dynamic pressure, and dynamic head. It defines static pressure as the pressure of non-moving fluid, while dynamic pressure is the pressure of moving fluid and equals the difference between total pressure and static pressure. Dynamic pressure is also defined as the kinetic energy within a unit volume of moving fluid particles. An equation for calculating dynamic wind pressure based on wind speed is provided. The document also notes that static and dynamic head are equal when the two surfaces of a liquid are at the same level, meaning they have the same head.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
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ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
Temperature measurements and Calibration by heating
1. Erbil PolytechnicUniversity
Koya Technical Institute
Dep. Of Oil Technology
Control and Operation
Name of Experiment:
Temperature Measurements and Calibration
Supervised by: Mr. Haymen F. Fattah
Name: Muhammed Fuad Rashid
Group: A
Date of Exp.:8/11/2017
Name of laboratory: Heat and Mass Transfer
3. Aim:
Measuring the temperature by different methods and draw the
calibration curve with thermometer readings.
Theory and procedure:
1.Temperaturemeasurement using liquidthermometers:
In a glass thermometer, the relative expansion of a liquid to the
content of the bulb is measured. The majority of the liquid is in a
spherical or cylindrical-shaped bulb that forms the thermometers
actual sensing element (1), the bulb opens into the long thin glass
capillary tube (2). Practically all liquids can be used in thermometers
here a differentiation is made between wetting (Organic) and non-
wetting liquids (mercury) wetting liquids cause additional errors as
the temperature drop, an organic liquid must be colored so that it is
visible in the capillary tube and the reading of the temperature made
easier. Liquid containers for mercury are larger than for other liquids
due to the smaller coefficient of expansion.
4. 2. Temperature measurement using Bimetallic thermometers:
Bimetallic thermometers exploit the differential expansion of two
different materials to indicate the temperature, two or more layers of
different materials are rolled to gather, during the process different
shapes can be manufactured depending on the application, one end
of the sensor is firmly anchored the other is coupled to a
transmission gear or directly to a display device, contrary to rod type
thermometers bimetallic sensors have only a low capacity to
perform work, they are thus practically limited to a usage for
indicating equipment and are less suitable for remote indication.
Over wide measuring ranges the non-linear relationship of the
specific deflection to temperature becomes detrimentally apparent
due to the relatively large surface areas. Bimetallic thermometers
that are exposed to the surrounding medium without heavy
protective housings react comparatively quickly.
5. 3. temperature measurement using Gas thermometers:
The thermodynamic temperature scale forms the theoretical basis of
thermometry. As the scale is very involved to reproduce, a number
of fixed points are defined for use in the engineering measurement
filed, these are considerable easier to depict, the gas thermometer is
one the most important devises used to relies the thermodynamic
temperature scale over a very wide temperature range almost down
to absolute zero, using this
method, the change in the pressure or volume of a gas is measured as
a function of temperature in accordance with the ideal gas equation:
P.V=M.R.T
Here the mass (M) and the gas constant rare constant, all
approximately ideal gases can be used (helium, nitrogen, argon).
The lowest measurable temperature is just above the critical points
of the respective charge gas (nitrogen -147°C).
7. Discussion:
1.Why we get different reading between all the
thermometers types?
A/every types has a different range and used for different
purposeand each of them contain a special fluid that has its
propertiesand react for changing the temperature.
2.Whichthermometer is the best and has minimum
reading error?
A/gas thermometer
3.Why we have errors?
A/there’s so many possibilities to make our reading wrong
such as we didn’t read the thermometer properly that’swhy
our diagram is seems gone to the wrong side or we grab the
thermometer with our hand and our temperatureis affected on
our reading.
4.Discussionthe diagram that you draw it?
A/ By increasing the time, the temperaturewill increase.
5.Whatyou suggest to gate a bitter reading?
A/ I’d prefer to connect my machine to a computer system
that makes our work easier. I recommend to doing an
experiment in a very suitableplace with atmospheric pressure
and temperature and being accuracy in reading degrees
because any rude action could take our process into wrong
side.