Television evolved from early experiments in the 1920s to becoming a widespread mass medium by the 1950s. Key developments included the invention of the electric television tube in the 1920s, early broadcasts in the UK and US in the 1930s, the development of coaxial cable and mass production of affordable TV sets in the late 1940s enabling national networks and the spread of television to over half of US households by 1952. In India television was introduced in 1959 in Delhi and expanded slowly at first before gaining momentum in the 1970s with the launch of regional stations and a satellite broadcast network, leading to the establishment of private broadcasters in the 1990s.

1. EVOLUTION OF TELEVISION

2. Television is far more than a box
of electronic circuitry that delivers
news updates and dramatic
programming.Television has
gradually become our culture”,Neil
Postman.

3. •The origin of television dates back to the early 20 th
century(1920’s)
•These initial experiments used a mechanical scanning disc
that did not scan a picture rapidly enough
•1923:Invention of the iconoscope ,the electric television tube.
•A Scottish engineer,John Baird is generally credited with the
invention of television who in 1924 in a improvised laboratory
in his lodging in Hastings ,England succeeded in transmitting
the form of pictures from one place to another
•1927,April:The American Telephone and Telegraph
Company(AT&T)gave public demonstration in which a speech
of the U.S Secretary of Commerce ,Herbert Hoover was
broadcast form Washington and watched In New York by an
invited audience

4. • 1930:launch of National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC)
at New York
• The gulf war was the first time that the developments in
communication technology provided civilians with an new
ways of seeing and experiencing war from a distance with
even greater immediacy and realism right into their homes.
• The war not only created a supply of news but also a
demand for it.
• 2 November,1936:BBC initiated the first regular television
service in the world.
• May,1937:The BBC televised the Coronation
• 1937:Went to Wimbledon for the first time.
• World War sets in. The potential of television was realized
and worked upon by major scientists Charles Jenkins, Hilo
T.Farnwoth, Vladimir Zworykin)
• 1946:TV Broadcasting resumed after the wars

5. •In the flush of confidence and prosperity that followed the World War
II,Americans rode a wave of progress and modernization.
•The massive manufacturing infrastructure that had geared up to support the
war effort now turned it’s attention to the consumer Market. Increased
sophistication in electronics was a by product of US involvement in the war and
the television became the chief beneficiary.
•1948 : AT &T began installing intercity coaxial cable linking the east and the
west coasts by 1951 which made national network television possible.
Viewers had to work hard to get $400 to buy a TV set ,but investors had to
invest considerably more money developing an infrastructure ,building station,
purchasing equipment ,hiring staff, finding audiences large enough to attract
advertisers, and acquiring enough programming to keep audiences tuned in.
•By 1950:Mass production had reached a stage in which television sets could
be rolled off the assembly line at a greatly reduced cost when the price finally
reached $99 a set. It was considered affordable to an average American
household.
•1952:One third of all American household had a television had become a mass
medium.

6. •Unlike print media ,radio and television were regulated by the
government because they used public property, the airways to
communicate. The government communications involved itself in
television on many fronts. It was concerned with technical issues such
as preventing stations signal from interfering with one another,
standardizing equipment so that improvements in transmission and
reception could be introduced and setting up an orderly process of
granting broadcast licenses to qualified applicants.
•The regulation concerning ownership allowed an individual or
company to own a maximum of seven stations .The purpose was to
encourage broadcast media to be broadly owned to promote local
ownership to serve the local community needs.
•1948 -49:Networks of television or television networking began.
•The network owned their limit of seven stations but they also had
agreements with other stations to carry their programming. By
combining stations carrying the same programmes ,they created an
audience large enough to attract enough sponsors to cover
production costs and overhead to make a profit.
Individual stations in turn received programmes to fill their schedules .

7. •In the early 1950’s television programme content mirrored radio’s game
shows ,mysteries ,variety shows, soap operas, situation comedies and
news. Early television was live, because video tapes did not exist and film
was clumsy and slow. Even many commercials were live.
•1949:Proctor and Gamble started it’s own TV production company
•1951:Commedy shows were launched
•1953:The United States launched the world’s first regular colour
broadcast
•1955:Eurovision networks were established linking the West European
nations.
•1955:soap operas were launched
•Television has the potential to inform, entertain,educate and influence.
•1962:The age of satellite communications dawned with the launching of
Early Bird
•1965 and 1971:The two big international satellite ,Intelsat and Intersputnik
began operation.
•1970:More sophisticated transmission techniques were invented
employing fibre cable and computer technology
•The audio visual cassette, video tape recorder, closed circuit tv, cable tv,
pay tv and DTH have changed the course of Development of TV in new
and unexpected ways.

8. In India :
•1956:The General Conference of UNESCO which was hosted by India in New
Delhi made a provision of $20,000 to set up a pilot project to study the use of TV
as a medium of education, rural uplift and community development.
•1959:Philips offerd to the govt of India a transmitter at a reduced cost.
•September 15,1959:Television was introduced in India Delhi Television centre
•The range of the transmitter was forty kilometers round about delhi. Soon
programmes began t o be beamed twice a week each of 20 minutes duration. The
audience comprised of 180 tele clubs which were provide sets by UNESCO
•Development of television broadcasting proceeded at a very slow pace in the first
twenty years of existence in the country.
•1961:Doordarshan was used as a support to middle and higher secondary school
education. It's experiments in teaching of science ,mathematics, and language
were proved most successful and received appreciation from many UNESCO
experts.
•August1964:In addition to social education programmes entertainment and
information programmes were introduced .A TV production studio was set up with
the help of the Federal Republic of Germany
•April,1965:a general service was started. It was for one hour a day on four days
of the week
•15 th august,1965:service was made daily.

9. •January 26,1967:Krishi Darshan for rural viewers was inaugurated. It
was inaugurated by Indira Gandhi and was telecasted on Wednesday
and Fridays for 20 minutes each day, and served 80 villages around
Delhi) provided with community sets. This pilot project was initiated by
the Department of Atomic Energy in collaboration with the Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting. AIR, The Indian Agricultural Research
Institute and the Delhi Administration. From July 15,970 the duration
was increased to 30 minutes and the programme was also broadcasted
on Mondays.
•The seventies saw major expansion
•1972:DD,Bombay was commissioned
•1973: DD,Srinagar was commissioned
•1975:DD,Calcutta was commissioned
•Subsequently DD Madras, Luck now, Amritsar, Jalandhar was formed.
•August1 ,1975-76:SITE was launched(6 states-Karnataka, Andhra,
Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan/2400 villages)
•Jan 1,1976:Commercials came to be telecasted

10. •1st April,1976:Separation of Radio and Doordarshan
•1977:Terrestrial transmitters were put up at Jaipur , Hyderabad, Raipur,
Gulbara, Sambhalpur, and Muzaffarpur
June 9,1981:India’s first satellite “APPLE" went into the orbit .
•1982:Next phase of expansion :colour transmission was initiated in the
ASIAD games.
•1982:Launch of INSAT -1AIndia’s first domestic communication satellite
(National programme relayed simultaneously from different
centers/networking of the news channels / international coverage of
events)
•August,1983:Launch of INSAT 1 B,a regular INSAT service in six states of
India-Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra,Gujrat,Bihar,and Uttar
Pradesh.
•1983:television expansion which envisaged establishment of high power
transmitters and low power transmitters in various parts of the country
Commercial spots on television programmes increased.
•Along with the entry of the commercials ,entertainment programmes came
in
•The next major development that was observed was the entry of the
sponsored programmes for television.
•1984:India’s First soap opera Humlog was introduced
•The next in the row were programmes like Yeh Jo hain Zindagi /Khandan/
Idhar Udhar/ Ados Pados/ Buniyaad

11. •The religious epics like Mahabharata and the Ramayana which
followed the soap opera format proved to be phenomenal success on
the small screen.
•Prime time talk shows ,film based programme and quiz programme
were soon seen to be important genres of television.
1984 and 1985:Introduction of the second channel of DD Delhi and
Bombay
•1985:DD teletext service known as INTEXT was started .It provided the
viewers with news, rail and air timings, weather information and other
data of common interest
•May,1991:India started receiving Star TV/ CNN telecast
•Oct,2,1992:Zee TV, Hindi service was started.
•1993:The four terrestrial transmitters were linked through a satellite to
provide more entertainment for urban audience.( DD Entertainment
channel)
•DD started regional language satellite channel. At present DD has 11
regional language satellite channels
•1997:DD being autonomous after Prasar Bharti Act
.