Television was introduced experimentally in India in 1959 and became more widespread in the 1970s and 1980s. The introduction of color TV for the 1982 Asian Games and the launch of communication satellites accelerated television's growth. In the early 1990s, foreign satellite channels like CNN and Star TV entered India, followed by domestic channels like Zee TV and Sun TV, increasing programming options. Radio broadcasting in India began in the 1920s and 1930s through private initiatives. It was consolidated into All India Radio in 1936 under government control. Radio and television were harnessed by the new Indian government post-independence to promote national integration, development, and a unified national identity.
Public service broadcasting refers to non-commercial TV and radio programs that are intended for public benefit rather than commercial purposes. It includes local news, arts, and religious programs. Public service broadcasters are state-owned but independent of political interference. In contrast, commercial broadcasters are privately owned and more focused on promoting advertisers' interests through entertainment and reality shows. Prasar Bharati is India's largest public broadcaster, comprising Doordarshan television and All India Radio. The BBC is the world's oldest and largest public service broadcaster, providing impartial broadcasting across television, radio, and online in the UK and worldwide.
Print media is one of the oldest forms of mass communication and includes newspapers, magazines, and other printed journals. Newspapers collect, edit, and print news reports and articles to provide information to readers. In ancient Rome and China, early forms of newspapers like announcements and gazettes were produced, and the printing press was later invented in the 15th century, advancing print media. In India, the print media industry is very large with over 100 million copies sold daily. Newspapers serve important functions like informing society, promoting social change, and supporting democracy. While print media has positive impacts, it also faces challenges like low literacy rates and an inability to provide live updates.
This document discusses the issue of paid news in Indian media. It defines paid news as media coverage or content that is paid for by political parties or corporations. Paid news undermines democracy by misinforming the public and using money to influence elections. It has become widespread and highly organized in India. Several cases of paid news are also discussed from recent elections. Potential measures to address the problem include strengthening regulations, increasing transparency, and educating the public.
The PPT consist topics relating the role of media in development communication in India Context.It consist of media like newspaper,radio experiments, television experiments like SITE and KHEDA and other e-programmes for development.
Radio journalism is a relatively new medium that broadcasts news and information electronically rather than through print. It emerged in the late 19th century with wireless telegraphy and early radio broadcasts. Throughout the 1920s-1930s, radio gained popularity for broadcasting breaking news events but also faced opposition from newspapers, leading to restrictions in what could be reported. However, the growth of radio commentary in the 1930s helped establish it as a new form of journalism.
Prasar Bharati is India's largest public broadcasting agency. It is a statutory autonomous body set up by an Act of Parliament and comprises the Doordarshan Television Network and All India Radio, which were earlier media units of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Public service broadcasting refers to non-commercial TV and radio programs that are intended for public benefit rather than commercial purposes. It includes local news, arts, and religious programs. Public service broadcasters are state-owned but independent of political interference. In contrast, commercial broadcasters are privately owned and more focused on promoting advertisers' interests through entertainment and reality shows. Prasar Bharati is India's largest public broadcaster, comprising Doordarshan television and All India Radio. The BBC is the world's oldest and largest public service broadcaster, providing impartial broadcasting across television, radio, and online in the UK and worldwide.
Print media is one of the oldest forms of mass communication and includes newspapers, magazines, and other printed journals. Newspapers collect, edit, and print news reports and articles to provide information to readers. In ancient Rome and China, early forms of newspapers like announcements and gazettes were produced, and the printing press was later invented in the 15th century, advancing print media. In India, the print media industry is very large with over 100 million copies sold daily. Newspapers serve important functions like informing society, promoting social change, and supporting democracy. While print media has positive impacts, it also faces challenges like low literacy rates and an inability to provide live updates.
This document discusses the issue of paid news in Indian media. It defines paid news as media coverage or content that is paid for by political parties or corporations. Paid news undermines democracy by misinforming the public and using money to influence elections. It has become widespread and highly organized in India. Several cases of paid news are also discussed from recent elections. Potential measures to address the problem include strengthening regulations, increasing transparency, and educating the public.
The PPT consist topics relating the role of media in development communication in India Context.It consist of media like newspaper,radio experiments, television experiments like SITE and KHEDA and other e-programmes for development.
Radio journalism is a relatively new medium that broadcasts news and information electronically rather than through print. It emerged in the late 19th century with wireless telegraphy and early radio broadcasts. Throughout the 1920s-1930s, radio gained popularity for broadcasting breaking news events but also faced opposition from newspapers, leading to restrictions in what could be reported. However, the growth of radio commentary in the 1930s helped establish it as a new form of journalism.
Prasar Bharati is India's largest public broadcasting agency. It is a statutory autonomous body set up by an Act of Parliament and comprises the Doordarshan Television Network and All India Radio, which were earlier media units of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
The Press Council of India is a statutory body that governs print and broadcast media in India to ensure freedom of speech. It was established in 1966 and can warn or censure journalists for ethics violations. It has 28 members including editors, journalists, management, and nominees from Parliament and fields like education. The Council handles complaints against and by the press, investigates issues like press freedom and media standards, and can direct authorities to ensure journalists' security. In one case, it recommended police protect a journalist receiving threats after publishing critical reports until the related criminal case was resolved.
The news agencies, also known as wire services, are among the most powerful and trusted names in news business. Some of them like Reuters have been in existence since the nineteenth century.
However, few are aware of their reach or existence. They do not own physical properties such as newspapers or television channels. But they generate news for all forms of media. Their subscribers include newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television networks and now news sites.
Broadcasting was expected to contribute to national integration and development in India, but the government was reluctant to invest in television due to financial constraints. Television was introduced experimentally in 1959 to prove its value for development, initially airing just a few hours per week with educational and social programming. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment from 1975-1976 marked the beginning of innovative educational television programs via satellite and helped establish Doordarshan as the national public broadcaster.
The different ownership patterns in Media includes Individual ownership, Corporation ownership, partnership ownership, group/chain ownership, employee ownership and vertical ownership etc.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of television in India. It discusses key inventors and innovations that led to the creation of the first electronic television in 1927. It outlines important dates in the development of television broadcasting globally and in India. Key events discussed include the introduction of television in India in 1959, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment from 1975-1976, and the establishment of Doordarshan as the national television network in 1976.
The document discusses the history of broadcasting in India, beginning with the earliest radio transmissions in the 1920s and the establishment of All India Radio in 1941. It details the expansion of radio stations and programming over subsequent decades and five-year plans, as well as periods of political influence and demands for autonomy. Key events include the introduction of television in the 1950s, the establishment of Prasar Bharati in 1997 which granted autonomy to All India Radio and Doordarshan.
The document discusses the registration process for newspapers in India. It outlines the statutory and non-statutory functions of the Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI), including maintaining a register of newspapers, issuing registration certificates, and formulating newsprint allocation policies. It then describes the key steps in the registration process, which include title verification, making a declaration before the District Magistrate, authentication of the declaration, and submitting documents for official registration. Requirements like minimum circulation thresholds for government advertisements are also mentioned.
The document discusses the Indian newspaper industry. It notes that literacy in India has risen from 35% in 1976 to 70% in 2008, suggesting a large potential readership for newspapers. However, many young readers now seek news online as broadband access increases. While print newspapers currently outnumber online readers due to infrastructure limitations, online readership is expected to greatly increase over time. The document also discusses advertising trends, ownership of media companies, and the growth of radio and television in India.
This document discusses the development of television in India. It describes how Doordarshan was established in 1959 as India's public service broadcaster. Doordarshan now operates 34 satellite channels and provides free DTH services through 104 bookings. Color TV was introduced in 1982. Private channels like Zee TV, Star Plus, Colors TV, and Sony Entertainment Television were launched starting in the 1990s and now offer a variety of entertainment programming through different platforms. The conclusion states that television has become an important medium for information and entertainment in India.
The document discusses the history and purpose of news agencies. It notes that news agencies were originally created to provide newspapers with a variety of news from around the world. Over time, other modern media like radio, television, and the internet also began using news agencies. Some of the earliest news agencies mentioned include the Associated Press, founded in 1846 in New York, Reuters founded in 1851 in England, and Wolff founded in 1849 in Germany. The document provides the founding dates of several other major news agencies from the United States, Russia, France, and India.
An insight into what role news agencies and various media houses play in India as a part of democracy in country. Its impact as a medium of communication in various situations - both good and bad. Also, the history of Indian media and its role in Indian electoral system.
Media is a tool for mass communication that has traditionally included television, radio, magazines, newspapers, and more recently the internet. It plays a big role in society by informing and entertaining people but can also influence attitudes, behaviors, and opinions if not approached critically. Two famous cases in India, the Jessica Lal murder case and the Nirbhaya gang rape case, demonstrate how the media can have a positive impact by raising public awareness, mobilizing protests, and helping to ensure justice is delivered. While the media can educate and spread knowledge, it is important for individuals to think critically about the messages they receive and not be passively manipulated.
This document provides 10 tips for producing effective radio bulletins. It discusses the importance of including a variety of topics that are relevant to the audience's lives. It recommends highlighting how issues affect everyday people rather than just focusing on political elites. The document also stresses the importance of including voices of those affected by stories, writing in a clear and concise manner so audiences can easily understand, and ensuring bulletins remain fresh by rewriting and updating content throughout the day. It emphasizes keeping bulletins short and focused so audiences can easily grasp key information.
The Indian radio industry evolved from the Radio Club of Bombay in 1923 to becoming All India Radio in 1936 under government control. Private FM stations were introduced in 1999 and have since grown, with phases 2 and 3 expanding FM coverage across India. Key events included the establishment of the Indian Broadcasting Company in 1926, taking over by the government in 1930 to form the Indian State Broadcasting Service, and transition to Prasar Bharati Corporation in 1997.
Working journalist (fixation of rates of wages act,1958Anirban Mandal
The document summarizes the Working Journalist (Fixation of Wages) Act of 1958, which was implemented to regulate working conditions and set minimum wages for journalists in India. Some key points:
- It was enacted based on recommendations from the First Press Commission to improve unsatisfactory wages for journalists.
- It applies the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 regarding minimum notice periods for termination or retrenchment.
- Wage boards are formed to fix and periodically revise minimum wage rates for journalists and non-journalist newspaper employees.
- The act establishes regulations for working hours, leave, gratuity on retirement, and recovery of unpaid wages for journalists.
Gandhi was a pioneering journalist who used newspapers and media to further his causes of non-violence and independence for India. He gained experience editing newspapers in South Africa and used publications like Indian Opinion, Young India, and Harijan to educate the public and organize supporters. Gandhi believed journalism should serve the people, avoid advertisements, and be practiced with self-restraint and adherence to truth. He saw newspapers as a powerful tool to influence opinion and mobilize political action.
The document discusses the impact of mass media on Indian culture. It notes that mass media has significantly affected people's lives in India and led to changes in traditions, social structure, and norms. Television and films have become highly popular and communal, blurring caste lines. However, mass media has also contributed to the loss of folk music, live performances, and religious and cultural gatherings as the main sources of entertainment and information. Overall, it has brought both positive and negative effects to traditional Indian culture.
The document discusses the role of media in society. It defines media as various means of communication like newspapers, radio, television, and the internet. It then outlines both the positive and negative impacts of media. The media can educate people about human rights and social issues, but it can also spread misinformation and have a bad influence on children. While media connects people globally and provides information and entertainment, excessive addiction to television and online content can be harmful. Overall, the document examines the role of mass media in society and some of its advantages and disadvantages.
Apex Bodies of Public Relations(in india and Internationally)Amrita Ghosh
The document discusses two apex bodies for public relations - the International Public Relations Association (IPRA) and the Public Relations Society of India (PRSI).
IPRA was established in 1955 to promote information exchange and cooperation among PR professionals globally. It has over 700 members from 80 countries and codes of conduct to guide ethical practice. PRSI was formed in 1958 as India's national PR body, with over 3000 members across 40 chapters. It aims to improve PR standards in India through training and upholding codes of ethics. Both organizations work to advance the profession through international cooperation, conferences, and recognition of excellence in the field.
The document discusses electronic media. It defines electronic media as existing in many forms such as radio, television, computers, and smartphones. The document outlines the history of major electronic media technologies from the telegraph to computers. It also lists some of the traditional types of electronic media such as television, radio, and the internet as well as new hybrid forms like smartphones and digital displays. The document discusses how electronic media is used in education through multimedia presentations to help teach students.
This document outlines various types of media in India including radio, television, and internet platforms. It discusses both government-run and private options for radio, television, and online content. The document also lists various roles involved in media production and dissemination, including on-air talent, content creators, and support staff, and desirable qualities for those roles like language abilities and interest in current events.
The Press Council of India is a statutory body that governs print and broadcast media in India to ensure freedom of speech. It was established in 1966 and can warn or censure journalists for ethics violations. It has 28 members including editors, journalists, management, and nominees from Parliament and fields like education. The Council handles complaints against and by the press, investigates issues like press freedom and media standards, and can direct authorities to ensure journalists' security. In one case, it recommended police protect a journalist receiving threats after publishing critical reports until the related criminal case was resolved.
The news agencies, also known as wire services, are among the most powerful and trusted names in news business. Some of them like Reuters have been in existence since the nineteenth century.
However, few are aware of their reach or existence. They do not own physical properties such as newspapers or television channels. But they generate news for all forms of media. Their subscribers include newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television networks and now news sites.
Broadcasting was expected to contribute to national integration and development in India, but the government was reluctant to invest in television due to financial constraints. Television was introduced experimentally in 1959 to prove its value for development, initially airing just a few hours per week with educational and social programming. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment from 1975-1976 marked the beginning of innovative educational television programs via satellite and helped establish Doordarshan as the national public broadcaster.
The different ownership patterns in Media includes Individual ownership, Corporation ownership, partnership ownership, group/chain ownership, employee ownership and vertical ownership etc.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of television in India. It discusses key inventors and innovations that led to the creation of the first electronic television in 1927. It outlines important dates in the development of television broadcasting globally and in India. Key events discussed include the introduction of television in India in 1959, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment from 1975-1976, and the establishment of Doordarshan as the national television network in 1976.
The document discusses the history of broadcasting in India, beginning with the earliest radio transmissions in the 1920s and the establishment of All India Radio in 1941. It details the expansion of radio stations and programming over subsequent decades and five-year plans, as well as periods of political influence and demands for autonomy. Key events include the introduction of television in the 1950s, the establishment of Prasar Bharati in 1997 which granted autonomy to All India Radio and Doordarshan.
The document discusses the registration process for newspapers in India. It outlines the statutory and non-statutory functions of the Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI), including maintaining a register of newspapers, issuing registration certificates, and formulating newsprint allocation policies. It then describes the key steps in the registration process, which include title verification, making a declaration before the District Magistrate, authentication of the declaration, and submitting documents for official registration. Requirements like minimum circulation thresholds for government advertisements are also mentioned.
The document discusses the Indian newspaper industry. It notes that literacy in India has risen from 35% in 1976 to 70% in 2008, suggesting a large potential readership for newspapers. However, many young readers now seek news online as broadband access increases. While print newspapers currently outnumber online readers due to infrastructure limitations, online readership is expected to greatly increase over time. The document also discusses advertising trends, ownership of media companies, and the growth of radio and television in India.
This document discusses the development of television in India. It describes how Doordarshan was established in 1959 as India's public service broadcaster. Doordarshan now operates 34 satellite channels and provides free DTH services through 104 bookings. Color TV was introduced in 1982. Private channels like Zee TV, Star Plus, Colors TV, and Sony Entertainment Television were launched starting in the 1990s and now offer a variety of entertainment programming through different platforms. The conclusion states that television has become an important medium for information and entertainment in India.
The document discusses the history and purpose of news agencies. It notes that news agencies were originally created to provide newspapers with a variety of news from around the world. Over time, other modern media like radio, television, and the internet also began using news agencies. Some of the earliest news agencies mentioned include the Associated Press, founded in 1846 in New York, Reuters founded in 1851 in England, and Wolff founded in 1849 in Germany. The document provides the founding dates of several other major news agencies from the United States, Russia, France, and India.
An insight into what role news agencies and various media houses play in India as a part of democracy in country. Its impact as a medium of communication in various situations - both good and bad. Also, the history of Indian media and its role in Indian electoral system.
Media is a tool for mass communication that has traditionally included television, radio, magazines, newspapers, and more recently the internet. It plays a big role in society by informing and entertaining people but can also influence attitudes, behaviors, and opinions if not approached critically. Two famous cases in India, the Jessica Lal murder case and the Nirbhaya gang rape case, demonstrate how the media can have a positive impact by raising public awareness, mobilizing protests, and helping to ensure justice is delivered. While the media can educate and spread knowledge, it is important for individuals to think critically about the messages they receive and not be passively manipulated.
This document provides 10 tips for producing effective radio bulletins. It discusses the importance of including a variety of topics that are relevant to the audience's lives. It recommends highlighting how issues affect everyday people rather than just focusing on political elites. The document also stresses the importance of including voices of those affected by stories, writing in a clear and concise manner so audiences can easily understand, and ensuring bulletins remain fresh by rewriting and updating content throughout the day. It emphasizes keeping bulletins short and focused so audiences can easily grasp key information.
The Indian radio industry evolved from the Radio Club of Bombay in 1923 to becoming All India Radio in 1936 under government control. Private FM stations were introduced in 1999 and have since grown, with phases 2 and 3 expanding FM coverage across India. Key events included the establishment of the Indian Broadcasting Company in 1926, taking over by the government in 1930 to form the Indian State Broadcasting Service, and transition to Prasar Bharati Corporation in 1997.
Working journalist (fixation of rates of wages act,1958Anirban Mandal
The document summarizes the Working Journalist (Fixation of Wages) Act of 1958, which was implemented to regulate working conditions and set minimum wages for journalists in India. Some key points:
- It was enacted based on recommendations from the First Press Commission to improve unsatisfactory wages for journalists.
- It applies the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 regarding minimum notice periods for termination or retrenchment.
- Wage boards are formed to fix and periodically revise minimum wage rates for journalists and non-journalist newspaper employees.
- The act establishes regulations for working hours, leave, gratuity on retirement, and recovery of unpaid wages for journalists.
Gandhi was a pioneering journalist who used newspapers and media to further his causes of non-violence and independence for India. He gained experience editing newspapers in South Africa and used publications like Indian Opinion, Young India, and Harijan to educate the public and organize supporters. Gandhi believed journalism should serve the people, avoid advertisements, and be practiced with self-restraint and adherence to truth. He saw newspapers as a powerful tool to influence opinion and mobilize political action.
The document discusses the impact of mass media on Indian culture. It notes that mass media has significantly affected people's lives in India and led to changes in traditions, social structure, and norms. Television and films have become highly popular and communal, blurring caste lines. However, mass media has also contributed to the loss of folk music, live performances, and religious and cultural gatherings as the main sources of entertainment and information. Overall, it has brought both positive and negative effects to traditional Indian culture.
The document discusses the role of media in society. It defines media as various means of communication like newspapers, radio, television, and the internet. It then outlines both the positive and negative impacts of media. The media can educate people about human rights and social issues, but it can also spread misinformation and have a bad influence on children. While media connects people globally and provides information and entertainment, excessive addiction to television and online content can be harmful. Overall, the document examines the role of mass media in society and some of its advantages and disadvantages.
Apex Bodies of Public Relations(in india and Internationally)Amrita Ghosh
The document discusses two apex bodies for public relations - the International Public Relations Association (IPRA) and the Public Relations Society of India (PRSI).
IPRA was established in 1955 to promote information exchange and cooperation among PR professionals globally. It has over 700 members from 80 countries and codes of conduct to guide ethical practice. PRSI was formed in 1958 as India's national PR body, with over 3000 members across 40 chapters. It aims to improve PR standards in India through training and upholding codes of ethics. Both organizations work to advance the profession through international cooperation, conferences, and recognition of excellence in the field.
The document discusses electronic media. It defines electronic media as existing in many forms such as radio, television, computers, and smartphones. The document outlines the history of major electronic media technologies from the telegraph to computers. It also lists some of the traditional types of electronic media such as television, radio, and the internet as well as new hybrid forms like smartphones and digital displays. The document discusses how electronic media is used in education through multimedia presentations to help teach students.
This document outlines various types of media in India including radio, television, and internet platforms. It discusses both government-run and private options for radio, television, and online content. The document also lists various roles involved in media production and dissemination, including on-air talent, content creators, and support staff, and desirable qualities for those roles like language abilities and interest in current events.
This document summarizes a seminar on the characteristics of electronic media. It defines mass media and electronic media, noting that electronic media uses electricity or digital encoding to convey information through devices like television and radio. The document outlines the major types of electronic media, including radio, TV, and modern media like the internet and CD-ROMs. It describes several key features of electronic media such as its accessibility, low cost, and ability to reach a mass audience. The document concludes that electronic media can report news quickly and provide audiovisual content, making it more accessible and eco-friendly than print media.
Electronic Media (Media and Communication) -ZKZareen Khan
Electronic media can be categorized as broadcast media, non-broadcast media, and narrowcast media. Broadcast media uses electric signals to reach a large, general audience simultaneously through tools like television and radio. Non-broadcast media does not use signals and can be distributed through physical devices like CDs, DVDs, and video tapes. Narrowcast media targets a specific, local community through limited subscription or niche interest channels like podcasts, cable TV, or satellite radio.
The passage discusses the Indian magazine industry and provides details about segmentation, readership, major players and marketing strategies related to pricing. It notes that the Association of Indian Magazines represents 85 magazines with a total circulation of over 80 million. It outlines different magazine segments targeting various demographics like women, children, business professionals etc. India Today Group dominates the market with 67% share while Outlook and Businessworld are key competitors. Pricing strategies aim to tap customers across income levels through strong distribution and competitive prices compared to rivals like Outlook and The Week. Supplements are also offered to drive sales.
The document discusses media in Pakistan, outlining its evolution, purposes, positive and negative impacts, and role in society. It notes that media includes print, electronic, and social media and its history in Pakistan dates back to pre-partition newspapers. Positively, media has increased awareness, supported education and democracy, and given voice to the public. However, it has also increased consumerism, promoted Western culture over national identity, and sometimes portrays unrealistic values or spreads unverified information. The role of media in Pakistan is important but also carries responsibilities.
This document discusses different types of television programs, dividing them into fictional and non-fictional categories. Non-fictional programs depict reality and include news, documentaries, reality shows, and other formats that are based on real events or information. Fictional programs are based on stories, plays, or novels and include soap operas, sitcoms, series, telefilms, and cartoons. Within each category are various sub-types of programs that have specific formats, subjects, or styles of presentation.
The document discusses several Indian government programs that aim to promote rural entrepreneurship and employment. The Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana program since 1999 has provided income-generating assets and subsidies to assist poor rural families in becoming self-employed. The National Program for Rural Industrialization envisions setting up industrial estates and artisan clusters to provide infrastructure for village industries. The Micro and Small Enterprises Cluster Development Program adopts a cluster approach to enhance productivity and competitiveness of small businesses. Rural Self Employment Training Institutes were also established to provide skills training and entrepreneurship development programs for rural youth.
the role of influence of print and electronic media on public opinion divyanshhanda
This document summarizes an English project investigating the influence of print and electronic media on public opinion. The project contains an introduction, methodology, types of media influences, and conclusions. The student analyzes how media shapes perceptions through psycho sells and cultural icons. Both positive and negative effects are examined, with media influencing government policies and agenda through issue highlighting and directing public opinion.
This document summarizes the state of print media including newspapers, magazines, and out-of-home advertising. It traces the history of print media from ancient Rome to modern digital formats. It finds that while print still reaches many consumers, advertising revenue has declined significantly in recent years for newspapers and magazines due to competition from other media like the internet and mobile devices. The document also outlines trends in the print industry toward digital editions, paid content models, improved design and more data-driven advertising.
The document summarizes the history and recommendations of the two Press Commissions established by the Government of India. The First Press Commission was formed in 1952 under Justice J.S. Rajadhyaksha to inquire into the state of the press in India. It submitted its report in 1954 with recommendations like establishing a Press Council and appointing a wage board for working journalists. The Second Press Commission was formed in 1978 under Justice P.C. Goswami and Justice K.K. Mathew. Its 1982 report recommended that the press should be accessible to all and accountable to society, act as a liaison between the government and people, and the formation of a Newspaper Development Commission.
News agencies are organizations of journalists that supply news reports to various media outlets like newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. The major news agencies include Associated Press, Reuters, and Agence France-Presse, which have extensive global networks of correspondents and resources to report news from around the world. While individual media organizations have their own reporting staff, they rely heavily on news agencies for international and foreign news coverage given the agencies' ability to provide near instantaneous distribution of news from anywhere in the world.
Public, commercial, and community radio stations broadcast in Bangladesh. Public radio includes Bangladesh Betar/Radio with 12 regional MW and 27 FM stations broadcasting 300 hours per week. Commercial radio includes 12 FM stations broadcasting 25 hours per week. Community radio has grown to include 14 stations broadcasting 120 hours per week, with 2 new stations approved. During Cyclone Mahasen in 2013, 6 community radio stations in coastal areas broadcast 514 hours of programming over 5 days with information on disaster preparedness and relief from local officials and organizations to help keep local communities safe.
Micro enterprise development and rural women enterpurinship by Parvani SharmaParvani Sharma
This document discusses micro enterprise development and rural women entrepreneurship as a way for economic development. It provides context on the history and status of women in India and highlights their significant yet often unrecognized contributions to agriculture and food production. Specifically, rural women constitute 48.6% of the agricultural workforce but face numerous challenges including gender inequities, lack of access to resources, and health issues due to their heavy workloads. Micro-enterprises in areas like agriculture, livestock, and household operations can help empower rural women economically by providing income generation opportunities and improving their status and decision-making power in their families and communities. Overall, the document makes the case that supporting rural women entrepreneurs through micro-enterprises is an important strategy for
This document discusses electronic media and communication. It defines media as any means of transmitting information between a source and receiver, including things like radio, television, and computers. Electronic media refers specifically to media that transmits information electronically, using various devices from radios to computers. The document traces the history of major electronic communication technologies from the telegraph in the 1830s to modern computers and cell phones. It notes that electronic media communication allows participants to communicate remotely through new and adapted technologies.
Adidas Group Enterprise 2.0 @ Barcelona090917Christian Kuhna
On the 2nd Digital Media Seminar 2009 on Sept. 16 and 17 Twitter: #digitalmediabarcelona , Christian Kuhna showed how the adidas Group is using Social Media externally and internally
This document discusses the history and development of radio broadcasting in India from its origins with the Indian Broadcasting Company to the current organization All India Radio (AIR) under Prasar Bharati. It outlines the organizational structure and functions of AIR, the different types of radio broadcasts, and the autonomy and privatization of radio over time. It also describes the code of conduct for radio broadcasts, particularly regarding elections.
B.A- LLB 4TH Sem UNit-1st Law & Media
Topic Covered
Understanding broadcast sector
Evolution of broadcast sector in India
Some Questions regarding this topic
video link:-https://youtu.be/ZOaRfG9owkQ
The document discusses the role of radio in disseminating information and raising social awareness. It outlines how radio serves to inform, educate, and entertain the public. Specifically, it notes that radio is an effective medium for (1) providing information to both urban and rural populations, (2) delivering educational content on topics like health and agriculture, and (3) mobilizing communities towards common goals like immunization campaigns. The document also reviews the history and development of radio in India from its beginnings in the 1920s to the establishment of Prasar Bharati in the 1990s.
This document discusses the history and development of television. It notes that the first television sets were developed in the United States in the early 1900s, and the first television program aired in the late 1920s. Television was introduced in India in 1959 in Delhi, initially airing educational programming a few times a week. The television industry expanded throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Today, television is a powerful mass media tool that combines audio and visual elements to educate and entertain large audiences across India.
John Logie Baird demonstrated the first working television in 1925 in Scotland. While not the sole inventor, Baird created the first television using other inventors' work and began commercializing his television after perfecting it, with the BBC beginning broadcasts using Baird's television in 1936. In 1928, Philo Farnsworth made the first reliable and working television system in the US, and by the 1940s televisions began mass production and widespread use.
The document summarizes the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) conducted jointly by NASA and ISRO from 1975-1976. The experiment broadcast educational television programs to over 2,500 villages across India via satellite to test using satellite technology for rural development. Key objectives were educating villagers in areas like family planning and agriculture. Studies found viewership was initially high but declined over time. However, the experiment was influential in developing India's satellite program and demonstrated satellite TV's potential for mass education.
The document discusses the evolution of radio content in India from pre-independence to the present digital age. It traces the origins and development of radio in India, from amateur stations used by freedom fighters, to the establishment of All India Radio in 1927. It describes how radio was initially used only for political purposes and national integration, but later diversified to include entertainment, commercials, and catering to regional audiences. Modern developments have included the growth of private FM stations since the 1990s, digital technologies like internet radio and podcasts, and more informal and interactive content and communication styles.
t.v development in pakistan before cble and after cable....Muhammad Hassam
Television was first introduced in Pakistan in 1964 with the launch of a black and white station in Lahore. The initial goal was to use television to promote social and cultural development given Pakistan's newly independent and underdeveloped status. Over subsequent decades, television networks expanded across Pakistan and programming grew. By the 1970s, Pakistani television dramas had become well-known across South Asia. While initially state-run, private commercials were later permitted as television aimed to support industry and awareness. Rural access to television remains lower than urban areas due to infrastructure and economic barriers.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of radio broadcasting in India. Some key points:
- Radio broadcasting in India began in the 1920s with amateur clubs in major cities. The Indian Broadcasting Company was formed in 1927.
- All India Radio (AIR) was established in 1936 under government control. It was the sole provider of radio services in India until the 1990s.
- In the 1950s, Vividh Bharati service was launched to provide entertainment and compete with foreign stations. Commercials were added in later decades.
- FM broadcasting was introduced in the 1990s and opened to private operators in the 2000s, dramatically expanding radio across India. Today hundreds of stations operate
This document provides an overview of the history and development of broadcasting in India. It discusses the evolution from early optical telegraph systems in the 18th century to modern radio and television broadcasting. Key events discussed include the establishment of All India Radio in 1930 and Doordarshan television service in 1959. The document also describes various types of broadcasting systems like public, commercial, and community broadcasting. It highlights the role of organizations like AIR, Doordarshan, and Prasar Bharati in disseminating agricultural information to farmers through radio and television programs.
The document summarizes the journey of broadcasting in India from early telegraph systems to current radio and television services. It covers the definition of broadcasting and provides details on the history and development of radio broadcasting through All India Radio since 1930. It also discusses the introduction and growth of television broadcasting through Doordarshan since 1959. The document outlines different types of broadcasting and various radio and television channels that provide agricultural information and education to farmers in India.
History of television in India after independence and its evolution before liberalization. it covers topics like:
1.history of television
2.SITE and KHEDA PROJECT
3.DELHI SCHOOL TV PROJECT
4.ADVENT OF SOAP OPERAS
5.THE MOTHER OF SOAP OPERAS
6.RAMAYANA AND MAHABHARATA
7.COMMERCIALIZATION OF PROGRAMMING
8.TIMELINE
9.REFERENCES or END NOTES
The document discusses radio as a mass communication medium, particularly in rural areas of India. It notes that radio is an effective way to inform people and raise awareness on social issues. With its penetration into rural areas, radio is also becoming an important advertising medium for local audiences. Some key advantages of radio mentioned are that it caters to large rural populations without access to television or power, and can disseminate information widely through transistors. The document provides a brief history of radio and All India Radio in India. It also compares radio and television, noting their different prime times and costs.
The document discusses the history and development of radio broadcasting in India. It begins with the earliest experiments in radio in India in the 1920s by amateur radio clubs and stations set up in major cities. It then covers the establishment of All India Radio in 1936 and its expansion following Indian independence in 1947. The document also describes the key radio services under AIR - Vividh Bharati, regional services, and external services. It provides details on the founding and role of Prasar Bharati, the public service broadcaster of India.
The document summarizes the history of radio and television broadcasting in India. It discusses the origins of All India Radio in 1924 and its development into a national broadcasting service with over 80 stations by 1947. It also outlines the establishment of Doordarshan, India's national television broadcaster, in 1959 with experimental transmission and the addition of stations over the following decades. The introduction of cable television in the 1990s led to the growth of private television channels in India.
Radio broadcasting began in India in the 1920s through private ventures but these stations closed by 1927 due to lack of funding. The government then established the Indian State Broadcasting Service in 1930. All India Radio (AIR) was formed in 1936 and became the sole provider of public radio in India. Over the decades, AIR expanded its stations and programming across languages. In the 1990s, the Prasar Bharati Act was passed to establish an independent public service broadcaster and deregulate the radio sector, allowing for private FM stations to emerge. Today AIR and private stations operate alongside each other in India.
Presentation 1 role of broadcast media in pakistanMuhammad Ahmad
The document discusses the history and development of media in Pakistan from its independence in 1947. It notes that at independence, Pakistan inherited a weak press with little regulation. It then summarizes the establishment of key media organizations over time, including the first news agency APP in 1947, the takeover of APP by the government in 1961, the launch of radio broadcasting by Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation in 1947, the start of television broadcasts by PTV in 1964, and the opening up of private TV channels in 2002. The document concludes by discussing the roles and advantages and disadvantages of media.
The document discusses the role and history of media in Pakistan. It begins by defining different types of media including print, electronic, and new age media. It then discusses the history of media in Pakistan from its early beginnings in the 1950s to the growth of private media channels starting in the 2000s. The document also discusses both the positive and negative impacts of media, noting how media can both inform and entertain but also potentially destroy national image, sensationalize issues, and promote westernization.
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The Power of Media is a comprehensive media platform that revolutionizes the way you consume and interact with various forms of media. With its advanced technology and user-friendly interface, it seamlessly integrates all your favorite content into one convenient hub.
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Television has been used as an instructional medium in India since the 1950s. It began with experimental broadcasts in Delhi in 1959 and expanded to more cities over the following decades. Doordarshan remained the sole provider until the 1990s when economic reforms allowed private channels. Notable early educational programs included the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment in 1975-76, which used satellites to educate rural villagers, and the Ramayana and Mahabharata TV series. Today television continues to be used for educational advertisements and children's programming to indirectly teach viewers lessons and morals.
Similar to Growth and role of electronic media in India (20)
1. INDIA TODAY MEDIA INSTITUTE
GROWTH AND ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA- TELEVISION AND RADIO
SUBMITTED TO- PROF. DEVESH KISHORE
BY- ANUJ SHUKLA
MASS COMMUNICATION
2. INTRODUCTION OF TELEVISION
Television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September
1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started
in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. The television service was extended to Bombay and
Amritsar in 1972. Up until 1975, only seven Indian cities had a television service. Television
services were separated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the
same year, colour TV was introduced in the Indian market. Indian small screen programming
started off in the early 1980s. At that time there was only one national channel Doordarshan,
which was government owned. Television has come to the forefront only in the past 21 years
and more so in the past 13. There were initially two ignition points: the first in the eighties
when colour TV was introduced by state-owned broadcaster Doordarshan (DD) timed with
the 1982 Asian Games which India hosted. It then proceeded to install transmitters
nationwide rapidly for terrestrial broadcasting. In this period no private enterprise was
allowed to set up TV stations or to transmit TV signals.
THE COMING OF TELEVISION
The infrastructure of the media landscape at the time of independence consisted of
newspapers a state run radio network a burgeoning commercial film industry and films
division a wig of state apparatus for the dissemination of development education and national
integration messages. Other narrow cast and interpersonal media were available such as a
wall newspapers newsletters posters and pamphlets although mainly in urban centres. A vast
network of grassroots congress workers had been established to overcome the difficulties of
mass communication during the independence campaign in the 1940s and this network
remained strong for sometime disseminating political views from the centre to the regions.
SATELLITE AND BEYOND- TELEVISION IN THE 1970S
Television in the 1970s was positioned within a media landscape that was transforming in
volume and form. Magazines and newspapers in English and vernacular languages continued
to proliferate and included foreign titles such as TIMES and NEWSWEEK. The 1970s
proved to be a period of marked transition for the development of television for not only the
extension of its reach and increasing audience numbers but also a shift to commercialisation
with the introduction of advertising. This period also saw the beginning of India’s indigenous
satellite programme with the launch of the satellite instructional television experiment
(SITE). SITE whose main purpose was the dissemination of development messages was also
consequential to the generation of national integration .
GROWTH OF TELEVISION
There were initially two ignition points: the first, two events triggered the rapid growth of
television in the 1980s. INSAT-1A, the first of the country's domestic communications
3. satellites became operational and made possible the networking of all of Doordarshan's
regional stations. For the first time Doordarshan originated a nation-wide feed dubbed the
"National Programme" which was fed from Delhi to the other stations. In November 1982,
the country hosted the Asian Games and the government introduced color broadcasts for the
coverage of the games. In this period no private enterprise was allowed to set up TV stations
or to transmit TV signals.
The second spark came in the early nineties with the broadcast of satellite TV by foreign
programmers like CNN followed by Star TV and a little later by domestic channels such as
Zee TV and Sun TV into Indian homes. When the solitary few soaps like Hum Log (1984),
and mythological dramas: Ramayan (1987-88) and Mahabharat (1988-89) were televised,
millions of viewers stayed glued to their sets. Fifty years after it switched on, Doordarshan,
India's public television broadcaster, continues to face the trinity of the three R's that haunt
such broadcasters worldwide: REVENUE, RELEVANCE and REACH.
EFFECTS AND ROLE OF TELEVISION
1.Provide New Information: Today TV is the reservoir of information. It gives us
information about the nation, world, science, finance and sports etc. There are channels for
the kids for example CN, Pogo etc which entertain our children. Some channels are
informative for example Discovery, National Geographic etc by watching these channels we
can get valuable geographical knowledge, history knowledge and knowledge about plants and
animals. Today we can get information about sensex and other business related information
on our televisions. Some channels are only for the entertainment of the viewers where they
can watch movies and songs.
2.Spreading Cognizance: TV also helps in spreading awareness among people. Due to
which there is decrease in dowry system, child marriage (Bal Vivah) etc. From TV people get
information that all these practices are legal offense. TV also helped in spreading the
awareness about the education in the society. Nowadays people understand the importance of
education to their children.
TV disseminates information relating to health issues, which in turn helps in decrease in polio
patient, TB patient and the population of the country. Today people are getting information
related to diseases and there causes from the TV. Yoga also becomes popular among people
through the TV. Now people can watch different yoga’s posture through their TV and can
practice at home. There are some programs which gives information related to proper diet to
remain healthy and fit.
3.Grooming New Talents: TV also helps in providing platform to new talents. Today there
are hundred’s of reality shows on TV , where one can show his/her talent in front of millions
of people. Baba Ramdev is popular in people through TV as so many people watch him
through Astha channel. There are so many singing and dance reality shows, where children as
well as youngsters can exhibit their talent.
4.Globalization of Culture: TV assisted in globalization of culture. Due to which people
4. comes to know the culture of other people. Now Bhangra is not only famous in Punjab but in
other parts of country also. Today Yoga is not only practices in India but in other nation also.
It also helped in spreading the western culture in our Indian society. All these facts facilitate
in increasing tourism and in the growth of country’s economy.
INTRODUCTION OF RADIO IN INDIA
Broadcasting in India actually began about 13 years before AIR came into existence. In June
1923 the Radio Club of Bombay made the first ever broadcast in the country. This was
followed by the setting up of the Calcutta Radio Club five months later. The Indian
Broadcasting Company came into being on July 23, 1927, only to face liquidation in less than
three years.
In April 1930, the Indian Broadcasting Service, under the Department of Industries and
Labour, commenced its operations on an experimental basis. Lionel Fielden was appointed
the first Controller of Broadcasting in August 1935. In the following month Akashvani
Mysore, a private radio station was set up. On June 8, 1936, the Indian State Broadcasting
Service became All India Radio. The phenomenal growth achieved by All India Radio has
made it one of the largest media organisations in the world. With a network of 262 radio
5. stations, AIR today is accessible to almost the entire population of the country and nearly
92% of the total area. A broadcasting giant, AIR today broadcasts in 23 languages and 146
dialects catering to a vast spectrum of socio-economically and culturally diverse populace.
Programmes of the External Services Division are broadcast in 11 Indian and 16 foreign
languages reaching out to more than 100 countries. These external broadcasts aim to keep the
overseas listeners informed about developments in the country and provide a rich fare of
entertainment as well. The early history of radio broadcasting in independent India is
important because its the parameters for the subsequent role of televis io n in
the country. At Independence, the Congress government under Jawaharlal Nehru had
three major goals: to achieve political integration, economic development and social
organization. Broadcasting was expected to play an important role in all the area .The most
important challenge the government faced at independence was that of forging a
nation out of the diverse political, religious, geographic and lingual entities
that composed independent India. In addition to the territories ruled directly by
the British, over 500 hundred "independent" princely states had joined the new nation,
some quite reluctantly. The country immediately found itself at war with Pakistan over
one of those states-- Kashmir. The trauma of the partition of the country into India and
Pakistan and the violence between Hindus and Muslims had further weekend the
political stability of the country .Broadcasting was harnessed for the task of
political nation building. National integration and the development of a "national
consciousness" were among the early objectives of All India Radio.
Broadcasting was organized as the sole preserve of the chief architect of this
process of political integration for the State .The task of broadcasting was to help in
overcoming the immediate crisis of political instability that followed Independence
and to foster the long-term process of political modernization and nation building that was the
dominant ideology of the newly formed state.
USE OF RADIO
Radio media transmit audio content wirelessly.
Radio broadcasting is one-way communication to a broad audience.
Radio stations can be linked together in networks.
Their content can be information and/or entertainment.
Program content can be produced quickly.
Broadcasts of audio content also can be sent via cable, satellite and the Internet.
Most radio stations broadcast music although some transmit news, sports, talk and
religious programs.
TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY
6. Radio stations are of several types. The best known are the am and fm stations these includes
both commercial public and non profit varieties as well as student run campus radio stations
and hospital radio stations can be found throughout the developed world. Although now
being eclipsed by internet distributed radio there are many stations that broadcast on
shortwave bands using am technology that can be received over thousands of miles.
RADIO IN INDIAN SOCIETY
Radio is to play a significant part in expansion as well as qualitative improvement of
education. There are some inaccessible areas in our country where expansion of education
has faced difficulties. To a large number of socially disadvantaged children, education is
neither meaningful nor interesting.
There has been a growing awareness about the inadequacy of the traditional or formal system
of education not only for expansion, but also for improving the standards of education. The
need for alternative mass-media is gradually felt along- with non-formal system of education.
Radio is an important instrument to foster the sense of unity and integrity among the people.
The cultural programmes, debates, talks, through broadcasts involve a strong desire among
the people to know each and other's culture and values.
In order to promote a sense of understanding and unity among people it is an inexpensive, but
potential communication medium reaching all levels of people. So its role for
national/emotional integration and international understanding is praise-worthy.
Radio is an important instrument to foster the sense of unity and integrity among the people.
The cultural programmes, debates, talks, through broadcasts involve a strong desire among
the people to know each and other's culture and values.
In order to promote a sense of understanding and unity among people it is an inexpensive, but
potential communication medium reaching all levels of people. So its role for
national/emotional integration and international understanding is praise-worthy.
CHANGING FUTURE OF RADIO
FM radio stations are one of the most popular entertainment mediums offering millions of
Indians a great mix of shows. According to industry experts and analysts, there are 250-300
million radio users today.
With the rollout of FM Phase III licensing, the Indian radio industry is optimistic about its
huge growth. Never before has the FM industry so looked forward to a policy getting
7. implemented. Phase III implementation will bring about a change the industry has never seen
before. Over the last two decades, this business has reached a level of maturity where it is in a
position to know how to take advantage of all benefits that Phase III will bring in its wake.
To get a clearer understanding, one needs to delve a little into the past to see how the industry
has reached this far.
When private FM radio was launched in India in 1999, the programming comprised a
plethora of music - Hindi film, English pop and rock, Western classical, trivia, and more. FM
was dedicated to music and more music.
8. REFERENCES
INDIAMART.COM
RADIO IN NEW AVATAR- DR. AMBRISH SAXENA
BROADCAST AND CABLESAT.COM
CULTURAL SURVIVAL- DR. B.K AWASTHI
HISTORY OF MODERN TELEVISION- A.H KHAN
WIKIPEDIA