Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. Daily transmission began in 1965 as a part of All India Radio (AIR). Television service was later extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972.
A summary, with some overview questions, of Laure Mulvey's article 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema' and it's uses in thinking about gender representations.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. How TV’s Have Developed
Hemma Krishma Tura
& Sanjay Raj
2. 1927
-
Phil Farnsworth.
-
Television system that worked with
a camera and receiver.
-
At the age of 14 in 1920 he made a
design for the first electronic
television.
-
Televisions that got experimented
with were just spinning disks with
holes in them and mirrors which
were meant to convert light to
electricity.
-
His device was an “image dissector”
as it converted individual elements
of an image into electricity but it did
so one at a time.
3. 1929-1933
-
Vladimir Zworkin uses his kinescope
to demonstrate the first electronic
system that uses both transmission
and reception of images.
-
TV studio was then opened by John
Baird but the image quality was very
poor.
-
First TV advert was broadcast by
Charles Jenkins.
-
The BBC begin to regularly broadcast
things on TV.
-
Iowa state university broadcast
television programmes twice a week
and is in cooperation with the radio
station WSUI. They were then
granted a license.
4. 1936
-
Worldwide, there were about 200 televisions being used at this
period of time.
-
A coaxial cable was introduced and it was a pure copper wire
surrounded by insulation and an aluminium covering. This wire is
used to transmit television, telephone and data signals.
-
The original coaxial cable first came about in 1936 and it’s system
could carry 480 telephone conversations or one television
programme. This gradually changed over the years as by the 1970's,
systems could carry 132,000 calls or more than 200 television
programmes.
5. 1937-1939
-
During 1937, the BBC began broadcasts that were of high definition
of that time, in London.
-
In 1939 Vladimir Zworkin and the radio corporation of America
started to conduct broadcasts from the empire state building.
-
In America there were a couple of places where television was
demonstrated, the world fair in New York and in San Francisco at
the Golden Gate International Expedition.
6. 1940-1945
-
Dumont company start making TV sets
-
Peter Goldmark invents 343 lines of resolution for a colour system in a
television
-
1941 was when a black and white television was released by the federal
communications commission
-
Vladimir Zworkin then went on to develop a better camera tube which
is called Orthicon. This invention had enough light sensitivity to record
outdoor events at night.
-
Peter Goldmark’s system produced colour pictures by having a red, blue
7. 1948-1950
-
Cable television was introduced in Pennsylvania
-
One million homes have got television sets in the United States
-
Viewers could come to a convention centre to see broadcasts of
operations. Reports from the time noted that the realism of seeing
surgery in colour caused more than a few viewers to faint.
-
Peter Goldmark's mechanical system got replaced by an electronical one
but he is still recognised as the first to introduce a broadcasting colour
television system.
-
The first colour television had been approved by the FCC but then
replaced by a second in 1953 which was developed by a better camera
tube called the Vidicon which was invented by Vladimir Zworkin.
8.
9. 1956-1969
-
Ampex introduce the first videotape system.
-
Robert Adler invents the first remote control called the Zenith Space
Commander. It was a remote controller that had moved on from the
original wired remotes and units that failed in sunlight.
-
First split screen broadcast happens. Debate between Kennedy and Nixon.
-
Channel Receiver Act requires that channels 14 to 83 have to be included
in all sets that are now produced.
-
The first satellite carried out TV broadcasts.
-
Broadcasts that are featured on TV are now, the majority of the time, all in
colour.
-
The first TV transmission from the moon is shown and 600 million people
watched.
10. 1971-1979
-
Half the TVs that are in home are now in colour
-
Sony introduces Betamax which was the first home video cassette
recorder
-
PBS becomes the first station to switch to all satellite delivery of
programs.
-
1,125 lines of resolution are now being demonstrated whereas it was
343 in the 1940’s.
-
New idea is marketed, screen projection
11. Screen Projection
-
The first overhead projector was used for police identification work
-
It was used in quantity for training as World War II wound down.
-
It was used in schools and businesses.
-
In the late 1980s colour models became available.
- Filmstrip projector. - Overhead projector. - DVD projector.
12. 1980’s-1990’s
-
Surround sound for home television is introduced.
-
Stereo TV broadcasts have now been approved of.
-
TV sets are now all required to have closed captioning.
-
The FCC approves HDTV.
-
There were one billion TV sets world wide.
13. Closed Captioning
-
Closed captions are hidden in the video signal.
-
Invisible to see without a special decoder.
-
The place they are hidden is called line 21 which is on the vertical
blanking interval (VBI).
-
“Television Decoder Circuitry Act Of 1990” is a law that was stated
by the United States and meant that all televisions that were to be
manufactured for sale in the U.S. must contain a built-in caption
decoder if the picture tube is 13" or larger.
14.
15. Blu-Ray
- Ideas for Blu ray Discs were first released in October 2000.
- The first player was released 3 years later in 2003.
- June 2006, official release of Blu-Ray.
- 2500 blu-ray disc titles released in Australia and UK in 2011.
- 3500 released in United States and Canada in 2011.
- 3300 titles released in Japan 2010.
