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The document discusses the U.S. television industry, including its audience size, ownership trends, delivery options, and regulatory environment. It notes that the industry was historically dominated by the big three national broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, NBC) which had over 80% of primetime viewers in 1983. However, ownership restrictions and the growth of cable/satellite have led to increased options for viewers and consolidation among media companies over time. Regulation aims to balance competition and diversity with localism and public interests.
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This document provides an overview of key topics about television that will be covered in Chapter 5, including:
1) A brief history of television from its early adoption in homes in the 1940s-1960s and the transition from analog to digital broadcasting.
2) The decline of the major networks ABC, NBC, and CBS due to factors like time-shifting technologies, increased competition from new networks like Fox, and government regulation.
3) An introduction to economics and market concepts in television like ratings, shares, ownership of stations, and the role of Nielsen in measuring viewership.
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This document provides an overview of key topics about television that will be covered in Chapter 5, including:
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Cable television undermined the network era by providing hundreds of specialized channel options rather than a shared set of broadcast programs. Cable systems pick up broadcast signals via satellite and supply them to homes through wires. The FCC established must-carry rules requiring cable operators to carry local broadcasts, and access channels for public, educational, and government content. This led to "narrowcasting" that targets niche audiences through specialized channels like HGTV and Speed. Direct broadcast satellites like DirecTV and DISH also offer many channel options but had initial higher costs and lacked local channels, which they now provide.
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The document provides a history of broadcast television from its origins to modern developments. Some key points include:
- Philo Farnsworth invented the first electronic television system and Vladimir Zworykin developed the iconoscope camera tube, enabling the first public demonstration of television in 1939.
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Television and radio provide advantages for advertisers but also have limitations. Television allows for high production quality commercials with sight, sound and motion to reach a mass audience, but has high costs and limited attention spans. Radio has lower costs but also has creative and audience fragmentation limitations. Both media are sold in time segments and have network and local options. New technologies like DVRs, cable, satellite and online media are changing how consumers experience traditional broadcast media.
Chapter11a
Here is an analysis of advertising during the early morning television daypart:
Products and services advertised:
- Breakfast foods (cereal, oatmeal, etc.)
- Coffee and other morning beverages
- Newspapers and magazines
- Children's cartoons and programming
Target consumers:
- Parents preparing breakfast for their families in the morning
- Commuters getting ready for their morning routine
- Children watching morning cartoons
Reasons for advertising during this daypart:
- Breakfast foods and beverages want to reach consumers as they start their morning routine of feeding themselves and their families
- Newspapers and magazines want visibility as consumers plan their day over breakfast
- Children's brands want visibility
Media Planning & Buying (Traditional Media)
Presented at TMKedu by Sean Galligan on July 16, 2014
Have you heard about traditional media but aren't quite sure what it is? This presentation shares how to plan and buy traditional media and will give you some context on why advertisers use it and how you should think about it. Each medium is different in its own way and this presentation explores the nuances of each and how they are adapting in today's digital landscape.
Bfma2013
African broadcast and film has evolved from businesses, hobbies, or political patronage to a growing multi-screen industry. While traditional TV remains important, online platforms like YouTube and video on demand services are increasingly popular among younger Africans. As internet bandwidth prices fall, online video usage is rising. To succeed, broadcasters must offer local content, differentiate their channels through specialized themes, and distribute content across all platforms as audiences fragment. The digital transition will see more TV channels launching and coverage expanding beyond major cities via technologies like satellite and fiber optic networks. Emerging technologies like smartphones, tablets and high-speed LTE networks will further drive the growth of online video consumption.
'UK Radio Industry Consolidation: How Relevant Is The US Experience?' by Gran...
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Media Today - Spring 2016
Americans are consuming over 9 hours of media per day on average, with trends showing increasing usage of digital platforms like social media, streaming services, and mobile devices. Screen time has risen significantly in recent years across all age groups. The proliferation of always-on connectivity through smartphones and tablets has transformed media consumption habits.
Advertising 2015
The document defines key advertising and marketing terms:
- It defines full-service agency, narrowcasting, cost per thousand (CPM), gross rating points (GRPs), cost per point (CPP), reach or cume, average frequency, spot advertising, and Q rating.
- It also provides a brief overview of the different departments within an ad agency, including creative, account services, media, research, and account planning.
Our Electronic Media Timeline
This document provides an electronic media timeline, highlighting several important dates in the development of major communication technologies: 1877 - Invention of the phonograph; 1920 - Commercial radio begins in the US; 1928 - Invention of television by Philo Farnsworth; 1969 - Creation of the ARPANET which laid the foundations for the internet; 1991 - Invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee. It also notes the development of video games, mobile phones, smartphones, and social media sites from the 1970s through the 2000s.
Media Adoption
How long did it take Americans to adopt electricity, the telephone, radio, television and other media?
Our media world
The document is a timeline that provides key dates in media history from 1877 to 2007, including the years that commercial TV began in 1931 and the World Wide Web launched in 1991. It also asks whether new media slays old media and answers "no," suggesting different forms of media can coexist over time with changes in how people consume information.
Legal System 2013
The document provides an overview of the U.S. legal system, beginning with the origins of common law in medieval England and continuing through the major sources of American law including the U.S. Constitution, federal and state statutes, administrative regulations, and court precedents. It discusses both civil and criminal legal procedures and jurisdictions.
Legal Thinking 2013
This document discusses the nature of legal thinking and how lawyers approach analyzing facts and cases. It explains that legal thinking involves carefully analyzing how the facts of a new case are the same or different from the facts of prior cases. Lawyers ask questions to evaluate aspects like whether a case is strong, how it could be proven, and if it will achieve the client's desired outcome. Legal thinking is learned through law school and studying past legal decisions. The document provides examples of applying the legal thinking process to analyze an issue and reach a conclusion.
First amendment 2013
The document discusses the origins and evolution of freedom of speech protections in the United States as outlined in the First Amendment. It describes how early restrictions on speech and press in England and the American colonies influenced calls for protections. Key developments included John Peter Zenger's trial, the writings of John Milton, and Benjamin Franklin's view that little would be printed if everything had to avoid offense. The First Amendment was ultimately ratified in 1791, but its meaning has been shaped over centuries through Supreme Court interpretations of various types of speech and expression.
Financial Report Literacy Fall 2011
This document provides an overview of how to read and understand key financial reports and metrics that are used to analyze the financial performance and condition of public companies. It discusses things like the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, financial ratios, and investment strategies. The key elements covered include the components and purpose of the main financial reports, important accounting concepts and terms, and various ratios used to evaluate areas like liquidity, management performance, profitability, and stock valuation.
Rights clearances 2011
The document discusses rights clearances needed for using music in films and television. It explains that two copyrights exist for each song - for the musical composition and the recording. Licenses are needed from the music publisher for the composition and the record company for the recording. Fair use does not apply to using music in movies or TV. International rights also need to be considered. The document provides guidance on how to determine copyright owners and properly license music for use in films, television programs, and other media.
Radio industry
The document provides a history of radio beginning in the 1840s and discusses key developments including the first broadcasts in 1919 and establishment of networks like NBC in 1926. It then summarizes regulations like the Radio Act of 1927 and ownership rules. Finally, it reviews the radio industry structure today including major station groups, formats, markets and revenue sources like advertising.
Music Recording Industry
The music recording industry has undergone significant changes since the 1850s with the development of recording technologies. By the early 20th century, the industry was dominated by a few major companies like Edison, Columbia, and Victor. Rock music in the 1950s brought more competition. Today, the global industry is worth $40 billion annually and is controlled by just a few major corporations like Universal Music Group, Sony/BMG, Warner Music, and EMI, which control the majority of charted albums and global market share. Top earning artists of all time include Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Michael Jackson, Abba, and Queen.
Audience and Audience Measurement (Ratings)
This document discusses quantitative and qualitative audience research methods. Quantitative methods measure audience demographics and size using data from research firms like Nielsen. Key metrics for TV audiences include universe estimate, DMA, HUT, rating, share, and cume. Qualitative psychographic research examines psychological factors to segment markets and understand consumer behavior, but it is more complex and expensive. Common qualitative methods include focus groups, surveys, and lifestyle/activity research.
Financial Reports and Ratios
The document provides an overview of how to read and understand key financial reports and ratios that are used to analyze the financial performance and health of public companies. It discusses the different types of financial statements including the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. It also outlines various financial ratios that can be used to evaluate a company's short-term stability, long-term stability, management performance, and profitability.
Content (Programming)
This document discusses content in media and how it is created, distributed, and monetized. It begins by asking what content is and is not, then explores where content comes from such as artists and creators, and how it is formatted for different mediums like radio, television, and online. The document also examines how content is bought and sold through various markets and licensing models between networks, stations, and syndicators. It provides an overview of programming formats, dayparts that content is distributed in, and common industry terminology around content creation and monetization.
Economics
The document discusses key concepts in media economics, including market structure, supply and demand, costs of production, and barriers to entry. It provides definitions and examples to explain different types of markets (perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly), costs (fixed, variable, marginal), and barriers to entry (capital requirements, economies of scale, product differentiation). The purpose is to define important economic terms and concepts as they relate to media industries.
Trademark Law
Trademarks, service marks, and trade names are used to identify and distinguish products and companies in commerce. The Federal Trademark Act of 1946, also known as the Lanham Act, protects these marks if they are used in commerce and are distinctive, without being generic, descriptive without secondary meaning, immoral, offensive, deceptive, or incorporating official insignia. Owners can lose trademark protection if a mark becomes generic or there is likelihood of confusion due to infringement by a similar mark. The Lanham Act also protects against dilution of a distinctive mark and unfair competition.
Obscenity and Indecency
This document discusses the legal definitions and history of obscenity, indecency, and profanity in media in the United States. It outlines key Supreme Court cases that have established and refined the definitions of obscenity and indecency, and delineated what types of sexual or profane content are protected by the First Amendment versus what can be restricted by the government. It also discusses how these restrictions have been applied differently to different media such as broadcasting, cable, mail, and zoning laws regarding adult businesses.
Commercial Speech/Advertising Regulation
Commercial speech refers to speech intended to generate marketplace transactions, such as advertising. The Supreme Court has established a four-part test to determine if restrictions on commercial speech are constitutional. Under the test, the speech must not be misleading, advertise lawful activity, and the government restriction must directly advance a substantial interest while being narrowly tailored. The Federal Trade Commission regulates false and deceptive advertising and requires substantiation of claims. Advertising to children requires special care.
Music Law
This document provides an overview of music licensing for television programs and motion pictures. It discusses that television programs and films often use popular songs which require two separate copyright licenses - one for the musical composition from the music publisher and one for the specific recording from the record company. For a television program, licenses are needed for any rebroadcasts or videotaped repeats that include the songs, while live broadcasts may only require a performance license. Motion picture licenses aim to secure rights across all media in perpetuity.
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
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land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
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cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
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9
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Television
- 1. THE U.S. TELEVISION INDUSTRY Professor Miriam A. Smith San Francisco State University
- 2. The U.S. Television Industry Overview and Current Issues
- 24. Media Ownership Rules Always a debate
- 25. Other Things that Are Good to Know
- 40. How Did We Get 4 Networks?
- 45. Why More than 4?
- 52. Vertical integration firm controls different aspects of production, distribution and exhibition of its products
- 54. Current Issues
- 56. Everything is Getting More Expensive
Editor's Notes
- Nielsen
- FCC as of June 30, 2004
- FCC as of June 30, 2004