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L11 The Broadcast Century
The document discusses the history of media and entertainment from the late 19th century to present day. It traces the evolution from live and participatory entertainment to broadcast one-to-many media like radio and television. The advent of recording technologies in the late 19th/early 20th century began shifting entertainment from a participatory activity to a consumer one. The document then covers the rise of broadcast television and how it became a dominant form of entertainment and information. It discusses how the internet and digital technologies disrupted traditional broadcast models and allowed content to escape traditional forms of distribution. This led to new peer-to-peer and user generated forms of media as well as new business models.
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L11 The Broadcast Century
- 1. LECTURE L11 THE BROADCASTCENTURY
- 3. Why does thisexist?
- 6. 100 million hours/ year
- 7. Few people domuch, many do little
- 8. 200 million minutes/ day
- 9. Where do peoplefind the time?
- 10. EARLY ENTERTAINMENT "The wirelessmusic box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?" -- David Sarnoff's associates in response to his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
- 11. Music was performedlive Story telling People got together to sing the songs of the day Live culture - experiences Participation: everyone was an entertainer Early Entertainment
- 12.
- 13. Edison’s Phonograph 1877 „TheTalking Machine“ First machine to record speech and music
- 14. Emile Berliner’s Gramophone 1889 Famousartists were recorded, to be played by everyone again and again Entertainment becomes a profession or the few Everyone else becomes a consumer
- 15. First radio broadcasts 1906 Commercialradio broadcasting starts in 1920s Public’s need for information and entertainment Equipment manufactures http://www.tuberadioland.com/westinghouseWR-30_main.html Westinghouse Model WR-30 Gothic Style Tombstone Radio (1933) Amateur operators - hobbyists
- 16. ENTER THE TV "Thewireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?" -- David Sarnoff's associates in response to his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
- 17. First steps John LogieBaird Scottish inventor Experimented with wireless transmission of images All enabling technologies were becoming available First public television broadcast was 27. January 1926 in London
- 19. TV broadcast startin the 1930s BBC starts broadcasts in 1936 Slow increase in consoles Lack of standard Early TV
- 20. Color in the50s RCA begins production of its first color TV set for consumers Low quality Very expensive Color TV
- 21. In 1950 amarket has emerged US data: 1946 there are 20.000 TVs, 18 stations 1953 there are over 20 million TVs – 44% of households, 300 stations TV in Iceland in 1966 Rise of a TV Market
- 22. Golden Age ofTV Linear TV provided by national channels
- 25. Media in the20th Century Print Radio TV CD/DVDs 1900 2000 Analog, Broadcast, One-2-many, copies to sell
- 26. You need help,here is a product for you Media in the 20th Century
- 27. Why is TVso powerful?
- 29. TV Watching On average,individuals in the industrialised world devote three hours a day to watching TV
- 30. TV Watching On average,individuals in the industrialised world devote three hours a day to watching TV
- 31. Gallup poll onTV Watching Two out of five adult respondents and seven out of 10 teenagers said they spent too much time watching TV Usually people are embarrassed to admit to watching much TV TV Watching
- 32. A Formula forAddiction TV is passive and relaxing Reduces alertness Effect is fast Trigger - Behaviour - Reward - Repeat Problem: TV addiction
- 34. A Formula forAddiction
- 35. 23% of UKteenagers claim to watch less TV and 15% admit they read fewer books now that they have smartphones A Formula for Addiction
- 36. 1900 2000 Edison’s Phonograph 1877 EmileBerliner’s Gramophone 1889 Radio Broadcasts 1920s TV Broadcasts 1940s The Record Industry - LPs 1950s CDs 1980s DVDs 1990s The Broadcast Century One 2 Many, broadcasting by professionals Read-only culture, consumers and producers Established business models
- 37. 1900 2000 Edison’s Phonograph 1877 EmileBerliner’s Gramophone 1889 Radio Broadcasts 1920s TV Broadcasts 1940s The Record Industry - LPs 1950s CDs 1980s DVDs 1990s Ad revenue from broadcasting Subscription to a closed network like cable, set-top boxes Sell a product Business Models
- 38. Lawrence Lessig Laws thatchoke creativity
- 40.
- 41.
- 42. Analog Standards NTSC, PAL,SECAM TVs supported different standards Broadcast: VHF (54-88 MHz, 174-216 MHz) UHF (470 to 890 MHz) Cable Most countries switched off analogue transmission 2007-2009 Source: HowStuffWorks.com
- 43. Source: HowStuffWorks.com Digital TV DVB, ATSC,ISDB, DTMB, DBM H.262/MPEG … Transmitted Radio, satellites, cables, fiber, ADSL or Web Benefits Better picture and better sound – more resolution Better use of bandwidth using compression TV becomes a software problem - who cares about standards anymore
- 44. Source: HowStuffWorks.com Normal TV hasthe ratio 4:3 (1,34:1) HDTV has the aspect ratio 16:9 (1,78:1) Digital TV
- 45.
- 46. DIGITAL FORMAT 1900 2000 Edison’s Phonograph 1877 EmileBerliner’s Gramophone 1889 Radio Broadcasts 1920s TV Broadcasts 1940s The Record Industry - LPs 1950s CDs 1980s DVDs 1990s The Internet Revolution Starts INTERNET Disruptive changes to established business models
- 47.
- 48.
- 49. Digital video recorders(DVRs) Recording television transmissions for later viewing Examples TiVo, ReplayTV, DirectTV Time shift
- 50. Watch your TVeverywhere in the world Technology that allows you to watch your TV over the Internet Slingbox Place Shift
- 52. Pictures from www.oscar.com VoD -Video-on-demand Goodbye to of the Video Store Change in distribution of content Delivered over the Internet, ADSL or cable, including fibre Video On Demand
- 53. THE DIGITAL DECADE THECONTENT ESCAPES THE FORM INTERNET DISRUPTION BEGINS DIGITAL FORMAT 1900 2000 Edison’s Phonograph 1877 Emile Berliner’s Gramophone 1889 Radio Broadcasts 1920s TV Broadcasts 1940s The Record Industry - LPs 1950s CDs 1980s DVDs 1990s The Digital Decade Analogue formats become digital The content escapes the form
- 54. The Digital Decade Asbandwidth increases so does the possibilities Sharing MP3, shows, then movies and finally streaming
- 56. Source: DataMonitor The Digital Ageof TV Over The Top (OTT) streaming
- 57. The Digital Ageof TV New players enter the market Netflix will spend between $7 billion and $8 billion on content in 2018
- 58. From Hollywood toInternet companies From cable or broadcasting to Over The Top (OTT) The distributor does not have any control of the content
- 59. Netflix accounts for35% of Internet traffic People spend 1 billion hours / month watching Netflix Streaming Videos
- 60. 500 hours ofvideo are uploaded to YouTube alone every minute It would take an individual over 5 million years to watch the amount of video that will cross global IP networks each month in 2019 Every second, nearly a million minutes of video content will cross the network by 2019 Globally, consumer internet video traffic will be 80 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2019, up from 64 percent in 2014 Internet Video - “Over the Top” Realse, Cisco
- 62. Source: Economist - Coming soon End of anEra Digital Content is causing disruptions in the conventional value chain DVD sales are slowing Distribution of content is going to digital mediums
- 63. Traditional Broadcast TVDeclines Television consumption by 16 to 24-year-olds fell for the third year in a row On average they watched 148 minutes per day last year, compared with 169 minutes in 2010 (UK data)
- 64.
- 65. Where do peoplefind the time?
- 67.
- 68. 200 billion hours/ year Watching TV
- 70. 100 million hours/ year
- 71.
- 72. Clay Shirky On CognitiveSurplus
- 74. Since the 1940speople have been passively consuming TV Now people are learning how to use free time more constructively for creative acts rather than consumptive ones, particularly with the advent of online tools that allow new forms of collaboration Cognitive Surplus is about the management of free time With all the access to online activity that the Internet, the web and smartphone brought people are now turning their free time from consumption of media to more engaging activities Cognitive Surplus
- 75.
- 76. f(x) = axk+ o(xk)
- 78.
- 79. Chris Anderson On theLong Tail, 2006
- 81. Bottlenecks in theDistribution channels
- 82.
- 83. Pareto Principle For manyevents, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes
- 84.
- 87.
- 88. Established Business Modelsare Crushed
- 90.
- 93. What percentage ofthe top 10,000 titles in any online media store (Netflix, iTunes, Amazon, or any other) will rent or sell at least once a month? 99%
- 96.
- 101.
- 103.
- 106. Felix Arvid UlfKjellberg PewDiePie Swedish video game commentator Annual Earnings: $7 million Subscribers: 42,102,216 Views: 11,187,386,766
- 111. MANY 2 MANY: PEER INTERACTION ESTABLISHED BUSINESS MODELS GET DISRUPTED READ WRITE CULTURE ONE 2 MANY: BROADCASTING BUSINESS MODELS GET ESTABLISHED READ ONLY CULTURE BEFORE NOW CONTROLLED BY GATEKEEPERS CONTROLLED BY CONSUMERS/PRODUCERS
- 112. THE DIGITAL DECADE THECONTENT ESCAPES THE FORM INTERNET DISRUPTION BEGINS DIGITAL FORMAT 1900 2000 Edison’s Phonograph 1877 Emile Berliner’s Gramophone 1889 Radio Broadcasts 1920s TV Broadcasts 1940s The Record Industry - LPs 1950s CDs 1980s DVDs 1990s The Digital Decade Analogue formats become digital The content escapes the form
- 113. THE DIGITAL DECADE THECONTENT ESCAPES THE FORM INTERNET DISRUPTION BEGINS DIGITAL FORMAT 1900 2000 CDs 1980s DVDs 1990s THE TRANSFORMATION DECADE BUSINESS MODELS CHANGE SMARTPHONES REAL TIME SOFTWARE CLOUD AND AI 2010 The Digital Decade Analogue formats become digital The content escapes the form
- 114. THE DIGITAL DECADE THECONTENT ESCAPES THE FORM INTERNET DISRUPTION BEGINS DIGITAL FORMAT 1900 2000 CDs 1980s DVDs 1990s THE TRANSFORMATION DECADE BUSINESS MODELS CHANGE SMARTPHONES REAL TIME SOFTWARE CLOUD AND AI 2010 The Transformation Decade Business models change, those ready will win Your gatekeeper is now an AI
- 115. Why Snapchat Isthe New TV
- 116.
- 118.